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Lcd bresenham
- 2. DEDARUL ALAM(152-15-6000) TONMOY SHAHA OPI(152-15-5932) MD. MAHBUB ALAM(152-15-5991) SHISHIR AHMED(152-15-5927) MD.NUR-UN NABI BIPLAB(152-15-5963) S.M. ZAHIDUL ISLAM(152-15-5925)
- 4. Presentation Layout Introduction History LCD Bresenham Algorithm Advantages Disadvantages Comments References
- 5. Introduction LCD is commonly used in small systems, such as calculators, and portable, laptop, computers. These non-emissive devices produce a picture by passing polarized light from the surroundings or from an internal light source through a liquid- crystal material that can be aligned either block or transmit the light.
- 6. HISTORY OF LCD George H. Heilmeier Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Invented 40 Years Ago. In May 1968, electrical engineer George H. Heilmeier and his team of scientists revealed the liquid crystal display to the public. The technology that is seen on computers, alarm clocks and the digital screens of microwaves is ubiquitous. HOW IT WORKS ? The pixels are controlled in completely different ways in plasma and LCD screens.
- 7. What IsLCD • Aliquid crystal display (LCD)is athin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such astext, images,and moving pictures. • It is an electronically-modulated optical devicemade up of any number of pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of alight source(backlight) or reflector to produce images in color ormonochrome. • Its uses include computer monitors ,televisions , instrument panels, and devices ranging from aircraft cockpit displays, to every-day consumer devices such asclocks , calculators, and telephones.
- 8. Liquid crystal display Liquidcrystal display (LCD)is a flat electronicdisplay panel used as a visual display aid. It uses liquid crystals to create visual effects on screen. Liquidcrystal is a state of matter between solids and liquids. LCDsdo not generatelight on their own but rely on sunlight or room light to generateimages with help of liquid crystal.
- 10. 8 Types of lcds • Passive vs ActiveMatrix – Passive • Each pixelmust retainit’sstate without a steady electric charge • Scanned one pixel at atime • Poor contrast,and very slow responsetimes – Active • Electric charged is stored betweenrefreshes • Scanned one row at atime
- 11. Advantages of LCD Brightness Physical Thin, with a small footprint Geometric Distortion Low power consumption Sharpness
- 12. Disadvantages of LCD Resolution Interference Viewing Angle Black- Level, Contrast and Color Saturation White Saturation Aspect Ratio Cost
- 13. Applications of LCD Clocks,Watches, Calculators Cameras: Used in digital cameras for displaying images Television: Has a major application in LCD TFT screens Computer monitors: Most of the modern world computer monitors are made of LCDs Instrument panels: All the lab instruments uses LCD screens for display Aircraft cockpit displays: Cockpit display panels of pilots are usually LCDs Video players: Such screens are very popular in video game parlours and consoles
- 15. History The Bresenham line algorithm is an algorithm which determines which order to form a close approximation to a straight line between two given points. Bresenham's line algorithm is named after Jack Elton Bresenham who developed it in 962 at IBM. It is one of the earliest algorithms developed in the field of Computer Graphics Bresenham's algorithm was later extended to produce circles, the resulting algorithms being 'Bresenham's circle algorithm and Midpoint Circle Algorithm
- 16. Step 1:Input line endpoint (x1,x2) and (x2,y2). Step 2: calculate constants.. Δx=x2-x1 Δy=y2-y1 2Δy 2Δy-Δx Step3:Assign value to the starting parameters K=0 P0=2Δy-Δx Step4:Plot the pixel at (x1,y1)
- 17. Step5:For each integer x-coordinate xk , along the line If pk<0 plot pixel at (xk+1,yK) P(k+1)=pk+2Δy Else plot at (xk+1,yK+1) P(k+1)=pk+2Δy- 2Δx
- 18. In General Math Rules: Xk+1, y k pk+1= p + 2dyi Else Note: For |m| ≤ 1 the constants 2dy and 2(dy-dx) can be calculated once, . If Po<=0 then Plot pixel at Plot pixel at X ,Yk+1, k k+1P =k P +2dy+2dx
- 19. Example – Draw a line from (20,10) to (30,18) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 (20,10) (30,18) dx = 10 dy = 8 initial decision d = 2dy – dx = 6 Also 2dy = 16, 2(dy – dx) = -4 0 i di (xi+1 ,yi+1) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
- 20. Example – Draw a line from (20,10) to (30,18) 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 (20,10) (30,18) dx = 10 dy = 8 initial decision d = 2dy – dx = 6 Also 2dy = 16, 2(dy – dx) = -4 0 i di (xi+1 ,yi+1) 0 6 (21,11) 1 2 (22,12) 2 -2 (23,12) 3 14 (24,13) 4 10 (5,14) 5 6 (26,15) 6 2 (27,16) 7 -2 (28,16) 8 14 (29,17) 9 10 (30,18)
- 21. Advantage of brasenham • An fast incremental algorithm • Uses only integer calculations • Bresenham's algorithm is more speedy • Bresenhams line algorithm the new pixel is calculated with a small unit change in one direction and checking of nearest pixel with the decision variable satisfying the line equation
- 22. Disadvantage • basic line drawing algorithm • "advanced" topic of antialiasing isn't part of Bresenham's algorithm • Causes stair-case pattern • Lacking of smoothness
- 23. Example K PK (x,y) 0 6 21,11 1 2 22,12 2 -2 23,12 3 14 24,13 4 10 25,14 5 6 26,15 6 2 27,16 7 -2 28,16 8 14 29,17 9 10 30,18 End points (20,10) and (30,18)
- 24. Application and comment • determines the points of an n-dimensional raster • draw line primitive in a bitmap image • An extension of this algorithm use for circle drawing • Graphics card • 2-d line drawing Comment: The label "Bresenham" is used today for a family of algorithms extending or modifying Bresenham's original algorithm.