The document summarizes the anatomy of the larynx. It describes the cartilages that make up the larynx, including the epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid, and arytenoid cartilages. It discusses the ligaments, muscles, blood supply, nerve supply, and movements of the larynx. Key structures mentioned include the vocal folds, which divide the larynx into supraglottic and infraglottic regions. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is described as the main motor nerve to the laryngeal muscles, except for the cricothyroid muscle.

5. Larynx
- Organ of Respiration & voice production/Phonation
- Extends – epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
- Communicates – above – laryngeal inlet
below – trachea
- C3 to C6 (A), C1 to C4 – Children
- 9 cartilages are there – 3 are unpaired and 3 are paired
unpaired – epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
paired – arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
Note – All laryngeal cartilages are hyaline except epiglottis,
corniculate, cuneiform, vocal process & apex of arytenoid
which are elastic cartilage
Hyaline cartilage ossify with age but not elastic cartilage
Length -44mm in male and 36 mm in female

6. Epiglottis – Ends – Upper and Lower
- Surfaces – Anterior and Posterior
- Border – Lateral
Thyroepiglottic ligament
Median & 2 lateral glossoepiglottic fold
Vallecula - space between epiglottis and tongue
Hyo epiglottic ligament
Aryepiglottic folds – having aryepiglotticus and thyroepiglotticus
muscle

7. Thyroid Cartilage
For protection of larynx in front
2 Lamina
Thyroid angle (Adam’s apple)
2 Surface – Outer and Inner
4 Borders – Upper, Lower, Anterior and Posterior
2 horn – Upper and Lower
Upper border – Thyrohyoid membrane, subhyoid bursa
Lower border – Cricothyroid membrane, conus elasticus

8. Cricoid cartilage –
- Foundation stone of larynx
- Signat ring shaped
Parts – Anterior Arch & Posterior Lamina
Border – Upper & Lower
Arytenoid cartilage –
Pyramidal apex base
3 surfaces – Posterior, medial and anterio
lateral
2 process – Muscular & Vocal

13. ATTACHMENTS OF THYROID
CARTILAGE

15. SAGITTAL SECTION OF LARYNX

16. LARYNGEAL LIGAMENTS AND
MEMBRANES
Extrinsic
 -Thyrohyoid membrane,medial and
lateral thyrohyoid ligaments
 -Hyoepiglottic ligament
 -Cricotracheal membrane
 -Thyroepiglottic ligament

17. Intrinsic
 -quadrate membrane
Lower part is false vocal cord or
vestibular fold
 -Cricovocal membrane or conus
elasticus
Upper part is vocal cord and anterior
part is cricothyroid ligament
Joints of larynx
 -cricothyroid joint
 -cricoarytenoid joint

20. Cavity of Larynx
Laryngeal inlet
Vestibule / Supra glottic part
Vestibular folds
Rima vestibuli
Sinus of Larynx and Saccule
Vocal folds / vocal cords
Rima glottidis / glottis
Infra glottic part

24. MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF LARYNX
 CILIATED COLUMNAR- everywhere
except anterior surface and upper half of
posterior surface of epiglottis,upper part
of aryepiglottic fold and vocal cord
where it is stratified squamous columnar
 Mucous mem loosely attached to
cartilages of larynx except over vocal
ligaments and posterior part of epiglottis
where it is thin and firmly adherent
 Mucous gland are absent over vocal
cord but glands are scattered over rest
of the larynx

26. Muscles of larynx

30. Action of posterior cricoarytenoid -a
safety muscles of larynx

32. Movements of Rima glottidis
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Tension
- Relaxation

34. Boundaries of Laryngeal inlet –
- epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, inter-
arytenoid fold of mucous membrane

40. Nerve Supply of Larynx
Vocal Cord (VC) is watershed line
Sensory – above VC internal laryngeal nerve(vagus)
below VC recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)
Motor – All muscles of larynx are supplied by RLN (cranial part
of accessory nerve) except – cricothyroid (ext. laryngeal
nerve br. of vagus)
All muscle of larynx are paired except transversus arytenoid
which is having dual nerve supply RLN & Internal laryngeal
nerve
Blood Supply
Above VC – Superior thyroid artery
Below VC – inf. Thyroid artery by thyrocervical trunk from
subclavian artery

41. Lymphatic drainage
Above VC – Prelaryngeal LN
juglodiagastric LN
Below VC – Pre & Para tracheal LN
APPLIED OF NERVE SUPPLY
Paralysis of Laryngeal muscles
Nerve involved Position of glottis
(a) One side RLN Fixed Para median
(b) Both RLN Both glottis are in
Para median position
(c) RLN with ext. laryngeal nerve Fixed and abducted
(cadaveric)
Semon’s law – Abductors of larynx are paralyzed first in
chronic involvement of RLN.

43. APPLIED ANATOMY
 LARYNGITIS
 LARYNGEAL OEDEMA
 FOREIGN BODY
 LARYNGOSCOPY –DIRECT OR
INDIRCT

45. thanks