This document summarizes Newton's three laws of motion. It defines mass, force, and motion. Newton's first law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. Newton's second law relates force, mass, and acceleration. Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Examples are provided for each law including shaking ketchup bottles, car acceleration, falling on different surfaces, rocket propulsion, and tug-of-war.
Universal Law of Gravitation | Physics F5 KSSMNurul Fadhilah
3.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
3.1.1 Explain Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation:
F = 퐺푚1푚2푟2
3.1.2 Solve problems involving Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation for:
(i) two static objects on the Earth
(ii) objects on the Earth’s surface
(iii) Earth and satellites
(iv) Earth and Sun
Universal Law of Gravitation | Physics F5 KSSMNurul Fadhilah
3.1 Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
3.1.1 Explain Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation:
F = 퐺푚1푚2푟2
3.1.2 Solve problems involving Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation for:
(i) two static objects on the Earth
(ii) objects on the Earth’s surface
(iii) Earth and satellites
(iv) Earth and Sun
A simple ppt yet interactive on the topic work power and energy. With smooth design and looks the ppt is very good for clearing the basics related to this topic, hope it will help you further.
A simple ppt yet interactive on the topic work power and energy. With smooth design and looks the ppt is very good for clearing the basics related to this topic, hope it will help you further.
The Laws of Motion, formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, stand as the cornerstone of classical mechanics, providing a fundamental framework for understanding the motion of objects. Introduced in Class 11 physics curriculum, these laws elucidate the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting upon it. Newton's First Law, often termed the Law of Inertia, sets the stage by describing the natural tendency of objects to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless influenced by external forces. The Second Law establishes a quantitative link, defining how the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force applied and inversely proportional to its mass. Finally, the Third Law introduces the concept of action and reaction, emphasizing that every force exerted by one object is met with an equal and opposite force from another. As students delve into these laws, they uncover a comprehensive understanding of the principles governing the dynamics of the physical world.
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Week 2 OverviewLast week, we studied the relationship between .docxmelbruce90096
Week 2 Overview
Last week, we studied the relationship between acceleration, velocity, displacement, and time. Acceleration in an object is caused by the force acting on it. This week, we'll study the relationship between force and acceleration. Central to this study are the laws of motion that Isaac Newton discovered in the 17th century.
You must have observed in daily life that when you apply brakes to a car, it takes some time before the car stops completely. The speed with which a train moves depends on the amount of force applied by the engine. A ball thrown at a wall bounces back. Newton's laws help you understand the motion of day-to-day objects and explain all this phenomena. These laws can also help you create realistic graphic animations!
Have you ever walked on slippery surfaces? If so, you would have realized how difficult it is to walk on them. Slippery surfaces have less friction, which makes it difficult to walk. In fact, surface transportation would be impossible without friction. This week, we take a closer look at this important force. We will use Newton's laws to analyze problems involving friction.
Newton’s First Law
What are Forces?
Forces are the result of the interaction between bodies. In simple words, a force is the push or pull acting on an object. For example, you exert a force on a rope to pull an object, and the rope pulls the object.
Here, we need a transition between the definition of forces and Newton’s Laws. We also need a couple of examples of how to draw a force diagram.
The Law of Inertia
Newton's first law of motion explains the relation between the force applied on an object and its motion.
The law states that:
An object continues to remain in a state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled by an external force to act otherwise.
This means that an object prefers to remain in a state of rest or uniform motion; in order to change the state it's in you need to apply force to it. Further, an object will always resist the force applied to it. The property of an object to resist an external force is called inertia, and for this reason, Newton's first law is called the law of inertia.
If you slide an object on a smooth floor with a given speed, the distance it moves depends upon the friction between the object and the floor. The smoother the floor, the greater the distance traveled by the object. The object eventually stops because of the external force of friction.
A force is required to change the velocity of a body. To understand this statement first recall from your study of kinematics that velocity is a vector with a magnitude (speed) and a direction. In the absence of a force, both speed and direction are constant. When a force acts on an object, it changes the speed, direction, or both of the objects.
There is no basic difference between an object at rest and an object in uniform motion; rest and uniform motion are relative terms. An object at rest with respec.
Newton's First Law of Motion: I. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. This we recognize as essentially Galileo's concept of inertia, and this is often termed simply the "Law of Inertia".
La realización de un trabajo se relaciona con el consumo de energía, ya que la energía es la capacidad para realizar un trabajo (cuando un sistema realiza un trabajo sobre otro le transfiere energía).
Así, los conceptos de trabajo y energía aparecen identificados no sólo en las teorías físicas, sino también en el lenguaje coloquial. Dichos conceptos se fundamentan en las Leyes de Newton.
Similar to Laws of motion newtonian mechanics (20)
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Three fundamental quantities:
Mass : The quantity of matter is the measure of the same arising from it’s
density and bulk conjointly.
On Earth the terms mass and weight are often used interchangeably, but
in astronomy and Newtonian physics the mass of an object is related to how
much matter it contains. The mass of an object can be characterised by its
ability to resist a given force.
Motion : The quantity of motion is the measure of the same arising from the
velocity and quantity of matter conjointly.
3. Cont.…
Force (Definition 1): An innate forces of matter, is a
power of resisting, by which every body, as much as in it
lies, continues in its present state, whether it be of rest,
or of moving uniformly forward in a right line.”
Force (Definition 2) : An impressed force is an action
exerted upon a body, in order to change its state, either
of rest, or of moving uniformly forward in a right line.
4. First Law of Motion/ Law of
inertia
Newton’s first law states that:
“A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an external force”
and
“a body in motion will remain in motion unless acted on by an external force”.
In astronomical terms, this means that in space bodies continue in straight lines
unless a force external to the body acts on them, and stationary bodies do not
spontaneously start to move. “In motion” in this context actually means at
constant velocity, i.e. their speed and direction of their motion do not change with
time.
External forces at the macroscopic level can be gravitational forces or mechanical
forces due to collisions.
5. Examples
Shake up that bottle of ketchup! When you shake that bottle, you bring the
bottom down, then suddenly you stop. This is inertia and it’s the inertia which
causes the ketchup to come out of the bottle
A driver or passenger in a moving car who is not wearing a seat belt will be
thrown forward when the car suddenly stops because he remains in motion. A
fastened seat belt provides a restraining force on the passenger’s or driver’s
motion. Air bags are used in motor vehicles because they are able to reduce the
effect of the force experienced by a person during an accident. Air bags extend
the time required to stop the momentum of the driver and passenger. During a
collision, the motion of the driver and passenger carries them towards the
windshield
6. Second Law of Motion/ Law of
acceleration.
The force F acting on a body is the product of its mass m and acceleration a.
or
F=ma
where F and a are vector quantities.
If we set the force to zero we find the acceleration is zero which is why Newton’s
second law implies Newton’s first law, which states the principle more clearly.
In astronomy the motion of the stars and planets are well described by Newton’s
laws of motion combined with his Universal law of gravitation. Indeed Kepler’s laws
can be derived from Newton’s laws of motion and gravitation.
At relativistic speeds (i.e. where velocity approaches the speed of light) Einstein’s
theories must be used to accurately describe motion. In Newtonian physics the
speed at which gravity propagates is infinite, whereas in relativity it propagates at
the speed of light
7. Examples
The mass of a truck is much larger than that of a car, which means it
requires more power to accelerate to the same extent.
When, for example, a car is driven 100km on a highway for 65km, much less
petrol will certainly be used than if it had to be driven at the same speed for the
same distance in a truck
⋅ A person falling on a cemented floor gets injured, but a person falling on a
heap of sand does not get injured this is because in heap of sand there is lot of
space between the particles which on force reduces while cement
is hard and solid which doesn't have much space between its particles. thus in
the case of sand the impulse of force is less due to time duration of the activity
being higher than in cement case.
8. Third Law of Motion
Newton’s third law states that:
To every action there is an equal, but opposite, reaction.
This means that, for instance, if the Earth pulls on a comet due to gravity, the
comet also pulls on the Earth. By combining this principle with the
Newton’s second law of motion which discusses acceleration, it is possible to
accurately describe the motions of any two bodies that exert forces on each
other.
9. Examples
The motion of the air-filled balloon:
Take an air-filled balloon is set free, the air inside it rushes out and the balloon
moves forward. In this example, the action is by the balloon that pushes the air
out of it when set free. The reaction of the air which escapes out from the
balloon acts on the balloon forward. A rocket moves on the same principle.
When its fuel burns, hot gases escape out from its tail with very high speed.
The reaction of these gases on the rocket causes it to move opposite to the
gases rushing out of its tail.
When two people pull the opposite senses of the same rope, and it stays at the
same point, it is also observed that there is an action and a reaction. That is
why the game of the rope or the “push and pull” is perfectly suited as an
example of this law.