Here are the answers to the quiz: 1. Brain - Correct statement 2. Brain - Correct statement 3. Brain - Correct statement 4. Brain - Correct statement 5. Heart - Incorrect statement (should be early 20th century) Bonus answers: 1. I don't have a crush, I'm an AI assistant created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest. 2. Moon

1. LATIN
AMERICAN
LITERATURE

2. I. Introduction to Latin American literature
Latin American Literature is the oral and hand written literature of
the Spanish- speaking countries, as well as other languages of Latin
American.
A. COLONIAL PERIOD (1492 EARLY PART OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY)
 Before the arrival of the europeans, pre-columbian literature was oral,
with the aztecs and mayans producing codices(folding books made
from tree bank).
 the development of latin american literature began when the early
europeans arived in what they called the new world.
 mexico city became a cultural capital, with several writers born in
spain such as gutierre de cetina and diego hurtado de mendoza moving
to and writing in spanish colony. The first mexican-born writer to be
recognized was pooet Francisco de terrazas, who wrote sonnets in the
petrarchan from(see lesson on european literature)

3.  one of the most renowned literary texts during this time was “Grandeza
Mexicana” or “ the magnificence of Mexico city” written by Bernardo de
Balbuena , which describes the beauty and grandeur of Mexico city.
B. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
 Literature during this time was mostly overseen by catholic church, but
toward the end of this century , there emerged a distinct criollo (those who
were locally born but of European descent) , which saw first novels such as
El Periquillo Sarniento by Jose Joaquin Fernandez de Lizardi
 The late eighteenth century saw the rise of neoclassicism,which is an
adherence to the classical style favored by crown and church patrons
C. NINETEENTH CENTURY
 Latin American literature at this time was written in romantic or naturalist
tradition. Romanticism ,as discussed previously , gave importance to the
individual and emotions.
 In the late nineteenth century, Modernismo (or modernism) became in
fashion.

4.  In the late nineteenth century, Modernismo (or modernism) became
in fashion. This poetic movement, which was initiated by Nicaraguan
poet Ruben Dario through his notable work Azul,championed
aesthetic beauty above all others, eschewing the sentimentality
found in Romanticism. Modnismo's advocates believe in “art for art's
sake”snd had their works an unadulterated beauty to emphasize the
vulgarity of everyday life.
D. TWENTIETH CENTURY
 Taking off on the ideals promoted by Modernismo, the Latin
American writers of the twentieth century started looking for
different ways of expression.
 it was also during this period that Latin American literature
experienced a “boom”. After World War II, many novels were
produced, and many Latin American writers gained recognition
worldwide. At the center of this boom (and arguably the most
notable) is Gabriel Garcia Marquez's novel entitled One Hundred
Years of Solititude

5.  Associated with the Latin American Boom is the popularity of magical
realism(or magic realism), which is a literary mode that incorporates fantastical
or imaginary images and events in an otherwise realistic story. A popular
example of this is Isabel Allende's The House of Spirits.
 Post-Boom writing saw a reaction against magical realism , with authors
such as Alberto Fuguet starting the McOndo movement to combat the
notion that all Latin American stories are set in exotic places and have
extraordinary events.
II. LATIN AMERICAN POETRY
Latin American poetry is written not only in Spanish and Portuguese, but also
in other regional languages.The oldest recorded is Aztec poetry written in
Nahuatl.
During the colonial period, Latin American saw an increase of social poems
that spoke of injustice and the people's desire for freedom. This struggle
became part of latin American poetics. A modern example of this type of
poetry is jose marti's “ Yo soy un hombre sincero”, which became the basis for
the contemporary song “Guantanamera” by Celia Cruz

6.  One of the most famous Latin American poets is Pablo Neruda, who wrote about
political subjects and ordinary situations. Among his most notable poems are “the
dictators” and “ode to a large tuna in market “. Gabriel Garcia Marquez describe
Neruda as “the greatest poet of the twentieth century in any language”. Here is one
of Neruda’s poems translated into English by mark Eisner
ONE HUNDRED LOVE SONNETS:XVII
I don't love you as if you were a rose of salt, topaz
or arrow of carnations that propagate fire:
I love you as one loves certain obscure things,
secretly, between the shadow and the soul.
I love you as the plant that doesn't bloom but carries
the light of those flowers ,hidden, within itself,
and thanks to your love the tight aroma that arose
from the earth lives dimly in my body

7. I love you without knowing how, or when, or from where,
I love you directly without problems or pride:
I love you like this because i don't know any other way to love,
except in this form in which i am not nor are you,
so close that your hand upon my chest is mine,
so close that your eyes close with my dreams
III. LATIN AMERICAN FICTION
The rise of Latin American novels began in the late
Eighteenth century. The novels produced during this
time had idealized view that society could be changed
by the individual’s informed choice and state
regulation.

8. Novels in the nineteenth century aimed to form a sense of
national identity and often posed the problem of “civilization
or barbarism”
The early twentieth century saw the emergence of the
literary movement indigenismo, which focused on the plight
of the indigenous peoples and their exploitation and
oppression.
The Mexican revolution, an armed struggle in Mexico during
1910-1920, was a significant event in Latin America history
that inspired several novels such as Los de Abajo( the
undergogs) and Las Tribulaciones de una familia decente (the
tribulations of a decent family) by Mariano azuela

9. IV. LATIN AMERICAN DRAMA
Latin American drama existed pre-Columbus in the form of
dance, song, skits, acrobatics, and even magic shows. Performers
were trained and wore masks,costumes, and makeup.These were
part of their native rituals and festivals. The european colonizers,
seeking to “civilize”the locals, used these exiOOOOsting
performances but changed the content to spread the Christian
doctrine.
Since the Europeans influenced the native population using
their own rituals, the indigenous culture and consciousness
largerly disappeared , and stories were forgotten.
Even with the struggle for independence by Latin American
nations, plays during the nineteenth century still used European
forms as models, with romanticism in fashion during this period.

10. COLONIAL PERIOD
 Pre-Columbian literture was oral
 The development of Latin American literature began when Europeans arrived
in the New World
 Mexico City became a culture capital
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY
 Literature was mostly overseen by the Catholic church.
 Creole and Spanish residents of the viceroyalties also wrote historiographies.
 The late eighteenth century saw the risde of Neoclassicism
NINETEENTH CENTURY
 Latin American literature was written in the Romantic or Naturalist tradition.
 Common themes were nationalism. regional cultures, and local landscapes
 In the Late nineteenth century Modernismo became in fashion.
TWENTIETH CENTURY
 The Literary movement Vanguardia reflected new literery forms such as
Surrealism.
 Associated with the Latin American Boom is the popularity of magical realism.
 Post-Boom writing saw a reaction against magical realism

11.  In post- World War I, Latin American dramatists
experimented with theatrical expression by employing the
avant garde and by breaking away from the European
tradition. An example of this is Efren Orozco Rosales's
Lieracion and the work of Argentinian Roberto Arlt's El
fabricante de fantasmas.
 The early part of the twentieth century also saw a rise in
the number of European immigrants to south American
countries such as Argentina

12. QUIZ!!!

13. GOODLUCK
GUIZ

14. WRITE BRAIN IF THE STATEMENT IS CORRECT AND HEART IF WRONG.
(2 POINTS EACH).
1. Latin American Literature is the oral and hand written literature of the
spanish-speaking countries as well as other language of latin american.
2. Nineteenth century , Latin American Literature at this time was written in
romantic or naturalist tradition.
3. In the late nineteenth century modernismo (or modernism) became a
fashion.
4. Latin American Drama exied pre-columbus in the form of dance, song,
skits ,acrobatics, and even magic show.
5. The early part of Nineteenth century also saw a rise in the number of
european immigrants to south american countries such as argentina.

15. BONUS QUESTIONS (2 POINTS EACH)
1. Who is your crush inside the room?
2. I'm the brightest when the sun is gone. you
can call me _________?

16. 11 ABM-B
GROUP 5:LATIN AMERICAN LITERATURE
MEMBERS: ANNE TRISZHA CALVARIO
JHON ARON PERALTA
JOHN CRIS ADODOLI