Natural processes like weathering, erosion, deposition, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and floods shape Earth's landforms and oceans in both constructive and destructive ways. Key ocean landforms include the continental shelf, slope, mid-ocean ridge, rift zone, trench, and ocean basin. Waves, currents, tides and storms continually change coastal features such as beaches, barrier islands, estuaries and inlets through erosion and deposition.
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor, including the continental shelf, slope, and rise that make up the continental margin. It also describes the abyssal plain, which covers the true ocean floor with sediment, as well as seamounts, guyots, mid-ocean ridges, and deep-ocean trenches. Barrier islands, banks, and guyots are among the geological formations that can be found on the continental shelf and ocean floor.
This document discusses various topics related to ocean floor topography including continental margins, oceanic divisions, submarine canyons, ocean currents, the Coriolis effect, tidal currents, ocean waves, and how waves can cause coastal erosion. It describes key features of passive and active continental margins and how the ocean floor transitions from the continental shelf to deeper ocean basins and trenches.
Nearly 71% of Earth's surface is covered by the global ocean. The ocean floor can be divided into four main regions: continental margins, ocean basin floors, and mid-ocean ridges. Continental margins are the zones between continents and ocean basins, and include continental shelves and slopes. Ocean basin floors contain features like abyssal plains, seamounts, and deep-ocean trenches. Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges found near the centers of ocean basins where new seafloor is formed through seafloor spreading.
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor topography. It describes four main ocean basins and how echo sounders and sonar are used to map the ocean floor and measure depths. It then outlines various topographical features found on the ocean floor, including abyssal hills, plains, trenches, and undersea volcanoes. It concludes by discussing different types of seafloor sediments and their distribution across oceans.
The document provides instructions for creating a model of an ocean floor using a shoebox, including making landforms like the continental shelf, slope, and trench out of paper mache and adding holes to measure depths; students then graph the ocean floor depths measured with dowels in the holes to visualize the profile of their model ocean floor.
There are three major ocean provinces: continental margins along coastlines, deep ocean basins farther from land, and mid-ocean ridges which are submarine mountain ranges. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Passive margins are tectonically inactive while active margins experience convergence at trenches. Turbidity currents erode submarine canyons and deposit sediments in fans on continental rises. Abyssal plains with fine sediments are adjacent to rises. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries marked by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.
Natural processes like weathering, erosion, deposition, landslides, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and floods shape Earth's landforms and oceans in both constructive and destructive ways. Key ocean landforms include the continental shelf, slope, mid-ocean ridge, rift zone, trench, and ocean basin. Waves, currents, tides and storms continually change coastal features such as beaches, barrier islands, estuaries and inlets through erosion and deposition.
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor, including the continental shelf, slope, and rise that make up the continental margin. It also describes the abyssal plain, which covers the true ocean floor with sediment, as well as seamounts, guyots, mid-ocean ridges, and deep-ocean trenches. Barrier islands, banks, and guyots are among the geological formations that can be found on the continental shelf and ocean floor.
This document discusses various topics related to ocean floor topography including continental margins, oceanic divisions, submarine canyons, ocean currents, the Coriolis effect, tidal currents, ocean waves, and how waves can cause coastal erosion. It describes key features of passive and active continental margins and how the ocean floor transitions from the continental shelf to deeper ocean basins and trenches.
Nearly 71% of Earth's surface is covered by the global ocean. The ocean floor can be divided into four main regions: continental margins, ocean basin floors, and mid-ocean ridges. Continental margins are the zones between continents and ocean basins, and include continental shelves and slopes. Ocean basin floors contain features like abyssal plains, seamounts, and deep-ocean trenches. Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges found near the centers of ocean basins where new seafloor is formed through seafloor spreading.
The document summarizes key features of the ocean floor topography. It describes four main ocean basins and how echo sounders and sonar are used to map the ocean floor and measure depths. It then outlines various topographical features found on the ocean floor, including abyssal hills, plains, trenches, and undersea volcanoes. It concludes by discussing different types of seafloor sediments and their distribution across oceans.
The document provides instructions for creating a model of an ocean floor using a shoebox, including making landforms like the continental shelf, slope, and trench out of paper mache and adding holes to measure depths; students then graph the ocean floor depths measured with dowels in the holes to visualize the profile of their model ocean floor.
There are three major ocean provinces: continental margins along coastlines, deep ocean basins farther from land, and mid-ocean ridges which are submarine mountain ranges. Continental margins include continental shelves, slopes, and rises. Passive margins are tectonically inactive while active margins experience convergence at trenches. Turbidity currents erode submarine canyons and deposit sediments in fans on continental rises. Abyssal plains with fine sediments are adjacent to rises. Mid-ocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries marked by volcanic activity and hydrothermal vents.
Origin and destruction of ocean floor ppt ; ocean floor :evolution of ocean f...Akash Nair
The document discusses the evolution of ocean floors over time. It begins forming at mid-ocean ridges through sea floor spreading, as new crust is created and the continents diverge. Mature ocean basins develop and widen until beginning to decline due to continued spreading and shrinking. Finally, subduction eliminates most of the ocean crust and continents collide, forming mountain ranges. Sea floor spreading and subduction are the major forces driving the evolution of tectonic plates and the continuous formation and destruction of ocean floors according to the Wilson Cycle.
The ocean floor contains several key landforms including the continental shelf, a shallow border along continents; the continental slope, a steep drop-off from the shelf; the mid-ocean ridge, an underwater volcanic mountain range dividing the ocean floor; and deep trenches and ocean basins on either side of the ridge.
Waves are caused by wind blowing across water, forming crests and troughs. Currents are streams of water that flow continuously through the oceans in a specific direction, caused by the movement of the Earth and winds. Tides are rises and falls of ocean water caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon, which causes two bulges of water each day as the Earth rotates.
The document summarizes key concepts about motion in the ocean including waves, tides, and currents. It describes how waves are caused by wind and other disturbances, and the characteristics of different types of waves like chop, swell, and tsunamis. It explains how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, and details the differences between spring, neap, perigeal, and apogee tides. It also discusses the causes and effects of various surface and deep ocean currents like the Gulf Stream and how the Coriolis effect influences their direction of flow.
The document discusses how the moon's gravitational pull causes Earth's tides. It explains that the moon, being closer to Earth than the sun, has a stronger tidal influence. The moon's gravity causes the oceans to bulge on both the near and far sides of Earth, resulting in two high tides per day. It also describes spring tides with extra high and low tides during new and full moons, and neap tides with less pronounced tides during half moons due to the sun partially offsetting the moon's gravitational pull.
The document provides a lesson plan for teaching students about life under the sea, including the ocean food chain, different marine habitats and animals, and facts about ocean geography. The lesson aims to help students learn to recognize ocean plants and animals, understand the ocean food chain, and acknowledge that sea life is part of the global ecosystem. Materials needed include computers and a movie to enhance the learning experience.
The document discusses what causes tides and waves. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, while waves are caused by wind transferring energy to water. Tides and waves can be harnessed to generate renewable tidal power through tidal barrages and tidal stream turbines. However, tides and waves can also cause harmful environmental and ecological impacts if not properly managed.
Este documento fornece um resumo dos poços perfurados e concluídos pela OGX em diferentes blocos nas bacias de Campos, Parnaíba e Santos. A tabela lista os poços por nome, bloco, prospecto, sonda utilizada, distância da costa, profundidade da lâmina d'água e principais formações com pay identificadas. No total, 50 poços foram perfurados entre 2008 e 2012, com várias descobertas confirmadas de petróleo e gás nas formações albianas, aptian
This document defines different landforms including valleys, canyons, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and plains. Valleys are low lands between hills or mountains, canyons are deep valleys with high steep sides, volcanoes are openings where lava flows from the Earth's surface, mountain ranges are high rising land, and plains are wide flat areas.
The document discusses key topics in oceanography including ocean floor features, seafloor sediments, and resources from the seafloor. It defines important terms like continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, and mid-ocean ridge that describe features of the ocean floor. It also outlines the different types of sediments found on the seafloor including terrigenous, biogenous, calcareous ooze, and siliceous ooze sediments. Finally, it discusses resources extracted from the seafloor like gas hydrates and manganese nodules.
The document describes several features of the ocean floor including the continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, submarine canyons, turbidity currents, continental rise, ocean basin floor, abyssal plains, seamounts, mid-ocean ridge, and seafloor spreading. The three main regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, ocean basin floor, and mid-ocean ridge.
The document discusses several major ocean currents:
The Labrador Current flows south along the coasts of Labrador and Nova Scotia before meeting the warm Gulf Stream. The combination produces heavy fogs and rich fishing grounds.
The Gulf Stream originates in Florida and flows north along the eastern US and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic. It influences the climate of eastern North America and western Europe.
The Kuroshio Current begins off Taiwan and flows northeast past Japan before merging with the North Pacific Current. It transports warm water north and influences the climate and coral reefs of Japan.
The cold Oyashio Current flows south through the Bering Strait and mixes with the Kuroshio Current off
The document discusses three topics related to oceans:
1) Ocean waves are movements of energy, not water molecules, with characteristics like height, length, and speed determined by factors like wind speed and fetch. Breaking waves occur when friction slows the trough.
2) Tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal forces from the Moon and Sun, leading to higher spring tides during full and new moons and lower neap tides during quarter moons. Locations like the Bay of Fundy experience extreme tide ranges.
3) Ocean currents are driven by density differences, deep circulation, and global wind systems that form gyres and upwelling zones along western coastlines, transporting nutrients for marine
- The document discusses factors that influence temperature patterns and atmospheric circulation, including latitude, land/water distribution, altitude, cloudiness, and ocean currents.
- It describes the global circulation pattern of convection in the tropics creating the ITCZ, descent of air at 30° creating subtropical highs, and deflection of winds by the Coriolis effect into the trade winds and westerlies.
- Polar highs also form due to descent, with polar easterlies and frontal zones forming where polar and subtropical air masses meet. Local winds like sea breezes and land breezes also influence temperature patterns.
Temperature and its vertical distribution in ocean water Tanuj Joshi
1. There are typically three layers of ocean water from the surface to the bottom in tropical regions based on temperature: a warm top layer about 500m thick, a thermocline layer below it with rapidly decreasing temperatures, and a very cold third layer extending to the ocean floor.
2. Temperature decreases with depth but the rate is not uniform. Below 2000m the change is negligible. Near the poles there is generally just one cold layer throughout. Factors like latitude, winds, currents influence horizontal and vertical temperature distributions.
3. Vertically, oceans have an upper euphotic zone to 200m depth receiving solar radiation, and an aphotic zone below it. The thermocline separates the warm
The Earth is made up of four ocean basins - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic - which cover 71% of the planet. The ocean floor is composed of tectonic plates that are constantly shifting and spreading at mid-ocean ridges. As new crust is formed at ridges, old crust is destroyed through subduction at trenches. This process of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics explains continental drift over millions of years, from the single supercontinent Pangaea to the current configuration of lands and oceans.
Horizontal Distribution & Differences of Temperature discusses how several factors influence the horizontal and latitudinal distribution of temperatures around the Earth. Some of the key factors discussed include:
1. Latitudinal variations in solar radiation, which causes temperatures to decrease with increasing latitude away from the equator.
2. The mosaic of land and ocean surfaces, which disrupts the strict latitudinal zonation of temperatures. Proximity to oceans moderates temperatures.
3. Altitude, with temperatures decreasing about 6.5°C for every 1000m increase in elevation due to thinner air.
4. Cloud cover, which influences the difference between day and night temperatures through absorption and reflection of radiation.
The document discusses the key geographic features of the ocean shore zone, including beaches, barrier islands, estuaries, and inlets. It also mentions some natural processes that affect these features such as waves, currents, tides, and storms.
The document discusses volcanism and volcanoes. It describes volcanic products like gases, lava, and pyroclastics. It outlines different types of volcanoes including cinder cones, shield volcanoes, composite cones, lava domes, and fissure eruptions. It also discusses volcano distribution patterns and hazards posed by volcanic eruptions like explosions, toxic gases, mudflows, and property damage.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Origin and destruction of ocean floor ppt ; ocean floor :evolution of ocean f...Akash Nair
The document discusses the evolution of ocean floors over time. It begins forming at mid-ocean ridges through sea floor spreading, as new crust is created and the continents diverge. Mature ocean basins develop and widen until beginning to decline due to continued spreading and shrinking. Finally, subduction eliminates most of the ocean crust and continents collide, forming mountain ranges. Sea floor spreading and subduction are the major forces driving the evolution of tectonic plates and the continuous formation and destruction of ocean floors according to the Wilson Cycle.
The ocean floor contains several key landforms including the continental shelf, a shallow border along continents; the continental slope, a steep drop-off from the shelf; the mid-ocean ridge, an underwater volcanic mountain range dividing the ocean floor; and deep trenches and ocean basins on either side of the ridge.
Waves are caused by wind blowing across water, forming crests and troughs. Currents are streams of water that flow continuously through the oceans in a specific direction, caused by the movement of the Earth and winds. Tides are rises and falls of ocean water caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon, which causes two bulges of water each day as the Earth rotates.
The document summarizes key concepts about motion in the ocean including waves, tides, and currents. It describes how waves are caused by wind and other disturbances, and the characteristics of different types of waves like chop, swell, and tsunamis. It explains how tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon, and details the differences between spring, neap, perigeal, and apogee tides. It also discusses the causes and effects of various surface and deep ocean currents like the Gulf Stream and how the Coriolis effect influences their direction of flow.
The document discusses how the moon's gravitational pull causes Earth's tides. It explains that the moon, being closer to Earth than the sun, has a stronger tidal influence. The moon's gravity causes the oceans to bulge on both the near and far sides of Earth, resulting in two high tides per day. It also describes spring tides with extra high and low tides during new and full moons, and neap tides with less pronounced tides during half moons due to the sun partially offsetting the moon's gravitational pull.
The document provides a lesson plan for teaching students about life under the sea, including the ocean food chain, different marine habitats and animals, and facts about ocean geography. The lesson aims to help students learn to recognize ocean plants and animals, understand the ocean food chain, and acknowledge that sea life is part of the global ecosystem. Materials needed include computers and a movie to enhance the learning experience.
The document discusses what causes tides and waves. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, while waves are caused by wind transferring energy to water. Tides and waves can be harnessed to generate renewable tidal power through tidal barrages and tidal stream turbines. However, tides and waves can also cause harmful environmental and ecological impacts if not properly managed.
Este documento fornece um resumo dos poços perfurados e concluídos pela OGX em diferentes blocos nas bacias de Campos, Parnaíba e Santos. A tabela lista os poços por nome, bloco, prospecto, sonda utilizada, distância da costa, profundidade da lâmina d'água e principais formações com pay identificadas. No total, 50 poços foram perfurados entre 2008 e 2012, com várias descobertas confirmadas de petróleo e gás nas formações albianas, aptian
This document defines different landforms including valleys, canyons, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and plains. Valleys are low lands between hills or mountains, canyons are deep valleys with high steep sides, volcanoes are openings where lava flows from the Earth's surface, mountain ranges are high rising land, and plains are wide flat areas.
The document discusses key topics in oceanography including ocean floor features, seafloor sediments, and resources from the seafloor. It defines important terms like continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, and mid-ocean ridge that describe features of the ocean floor. It also outlines the different types of sediments found on the seafloor including terrigenous, biogenous, calcareous ooze, and siliceous ooze sediments. Finally, it discusses resources extracted from the seafloor like gas hydrates and manganese nodules.
The document describes several features of the ocean floor including the continental margin, continental shelf, continental slope, submarine canyons, turbidity currents, continental rise, ocean basin floor, abyssal plains, seamounts, mid-ocean ridge, and seafloor spreading. The three main regions of the ocean floor are the continental margins, ocean basin floor, and mid-ocean ridge.
The document discusses several major ocean currents:
The Labrador Current flows south along the coasts of Labrador and Nova Scotia before meeting the warm Gulf Stream. The combination produces heavy fogs and rich fishing grounds.
The Gulf Stream originates in Florida and flows north along the eastern US and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic. It influences the climate of eastern North America and western Europe.
The Kuroshio Current begins off Taiwan and flows northeast past Japan before merging with the North Pacific Current. It transports warm water north and influences the climate and coral reefs of Japan.
The cold Oyashio Current flows south through the Bering Strait and mixes with the Kuroshio Current off
The document discusses three topics related to oceans:
1) Ocean waves are movements of energy, not water molecules, with characteristics like height, length, and speed determined by factors like wind speed and fetch. Breaking waves occur when friction slows the trough.
2) Tides are caused by gravitational and centrifugal forces from the Moon and Sun, leading to higher spring tides during full and new moons and lower neap tides during quarter moons. Locations like the Bay of Fundy experience extreme tide ranges.
3) Ocean currents are driven by density differences, deep circulation, and global wind systems that form gyres and upwelling zones along western coastlines, transporting nutrients for marine
- The document discusses factors that influence temperature patterns and atmospheric circulation, including latitude, land/water distribution, altitude, cloudiness, and ocean currents.
- It describes the global circulation pattern of convection in the tropics creating the ITCZ, descent of air at 30° creating subtropical highs, and deflection of winds by the Coriolis effect into the trade winds and westerlies.
- Polar highs also form due to descent, with polar easterlies and frontal zones forming where polar and subtropical air masses meet. Local winds like sea breezes and land breezes also influence temperature patterns.
Temperature and its vertical distribution in ocean water Tanuj Joshi
1. There are typically three layers of ocean water from the surface to the bottom in tropical regions based on temperature: a warm top layer about 500m thick, a thermocline layer below it with rapidly decreasing temperatures, and a very cold third layer extending to the ocean floor.
2. Temperature decreases with depth but the rate is not uniform. Below 2000m the change is negligible. Near the poles there is generally just one cold layer throughout. Factors like latitude, winds, currents influence horizontal and vertical temperature distributions.
3. Vertically, oceans have an upper euphotic zone to 200m depth receiving solar radiation, and an aphotic zone below it. The thermocline separates the warm
The Earth is made up of four ocean basins - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic - which cover 71% of the planet. The ocean floor is composed of tectonic plates that are constantly shifting and spreading at mid-ocean ridges. As new crust is formed at ridges, old crust is destroyed through subduction at trenches. This process of sea floor spreading and plate tectonics explains continental drift over millions of years, from the single supercontinent Pangaea to the current configuration of lands and oceans.
Horizontal Distribution & Differences of Temperature discusses how several factors influence the horizontal and latitudinal distribution of temperatures around the Earth. Some of the key factors discussed include:
1. Latitudinal variations in solar radiation, which causes temperatures to decrease with increasing latitude away from the equator.
2. The mosaic of land and ocean surfaces, which disrupts the strict latitudinal zonation of temperatures. Proximity to oceans moderates temperatures.
3. Altitude, with temperatures decreasing about 6.5°C for every 1000m increase in elevation due to thinner air.
4. Cloud cover, which influences the difference between day and night temperatures through absorption and reflection of radiation.
The document discusses the key geographic features of the ocean shore zone, including beaches, barrier islands, estuaries, and inlets. It also mentions some natural processes that affect these features such as waves, currents, tides, and storms.
The document discusses volcanism and volcanoes. It describes volcanic products like gases, lava, and pyroclastics. It outlines different types of volcanoes including cinder cones, shield volcanoes, composite cones, lava domes, and fissure eruptions. It also discusses volcano distribution patterns and hazards posed by volcanic eruptions like explosions, toxic gases, mudflows, and property damage.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)