Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb. It has been performed for thousands of years as a medical procedure and punishment. The most common modern indications for amputation are peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, and severe trauma. A study in Rwanda found the prevalence of amputation to be 3.08% of all surgeries, with the majority performed for gangrene secondary to peripheral vascular disease. Below knee amputation was the most common procedure, and 87.9% of patients had an uneventful recovery, though complications like phantom limb pain and need for re-amputation can occur. Amputation, while often a last resort, remains a life-saving procedure for conditions that could otherwise prove
Amputation is of the common surgical procedure done in the ER. This is also common in various routine cases. This presentation covers various aspects of amputation including steps of below knee amputation. The background has been changed from the previous one to hide the brutality of this procedure.
The document discusses the use of the reverse posterior interosseous artery (PIA) flap for covering raw areas of the hand and wrist. It describes the vascular anatomy of the PIA, noting that it arises from the ulnar artery and enters the posterior forearm compartment. The PIA flap provides good blood supply and can be used to cover soft tissue defects on the dorsal hand, palmar wrist, and first web space. The document presents two case studies where the reverse PIA flap successfully reconstructed soft tissue losses from trauma. It concludes that the PIA flap is a versatile and reliable option for reconstructing challenging hand and wrist defects.
1. Replantation involves reattaching a completely amputated body part to restore blood flow, while revascularization reattaches incompletely amputated parts.
2. Factors that determine replantation success include patient health, injury details, and surgical team skill.
3. The operative technique prioritizes veins, arteries, bones, tendons, and nerves with the goal of minimizing warm ischemia time.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on tendoscopy. It discusses what tendoscopy is and provides details on techniques for Achilles, peroneal, and posterior tibial tendoscopy. Key indications, surgical procedures, results, advantages, disadvantages, and complications are outlined for each type of tendoscopy. The presenter concludes that while tendoscopy is becoming an important tool, there is little high-quality evidence to fully support its use in daily practice at this time.
This document discusses amputation as a surgical procedure. It begins by outlining the different circumstances that may necessitate amputation, including when a limb is dead, deadly, or a dead loss due to conditions like gangrene, infection, or trauma. It then describes different types of amputations including distal, transmetatarsal, below-knee, and above-knee procedures. For each type of amputation, it details how the operation is performed and important postoperative considerations like wound care, mobilization, and complications.
Extended totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) is a novel technique that was first introduced by Jorge Daes in 2012 to address difficult inguinal hernias.
This document discusses various surgical approaches for forehead and brow lifting as well as neck lifting. For forehead lifts, it describes techniques like the coronal approach and its disadvantages like scalp numbness. It also covers other approaches like the temple approach and endoscopic approach. For neck lifts, it discusses factors to consider like skin elasticity and platysma muscle treatment. It provides details on the surgical process for different grades of neck laxity and describes techniques like subcutaneous lipectomy and platysma plication. Post-operative care is also outlined for both forehead and neck procedures.
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb. It has been performed for thousands of years as a medical procedure and punishment. The most common modern indications for amputation are peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, and severe trauma. A study in Rwanda found the prevalence of amputation to be 3.08% of all surgeries, with the majority performed for gangrene secondary to peripheral vascular disease. Below knee amputation was the most common procedure, and 87.9% of patients had an uneventful recovery, though complications like phantom limb pain and need for re-amputation can occur. Amputation, while often a last resort, remains a life-saving procedure for conditions that could otherwise prove
Amputation is of the common surgical procedure done in the ER. This is also common in various routine cases. This presentation covers various aspects of amputation including steps of below knee amputation. The background has been changed from the previous one to hide the brutality of this procedure.
The document discusses the use of the reverse posterior interosseous artery (PIA) flap for covering raw areas of the hand and wrist. It describes the vascular anatomy of the PIA, noting that it arises from the ulnar artery and enters the posterior forearm compartment. The PIA flap provides good blood supply and can be used to cover soft tissue defects on the dorsal hand, palmar wrist, and first web space. The document presents two case studies where the reverse PIA flap successfully reconstructed soft tissue losses from trauma. It concludes that the PIA flap is a versatile and reliable option for reconstructing challenging hand and wrist defects.
1. Replantation involves reattaching a completely amputated body part to restore blood flow, while revascularization reattaches incompletely amputated parts.
2. Factors that determine replantation success include patient health, injury details, and surgical team skill.
3. The operative technique prioritizes veins, arteries, bones, tendons, and nerves with the goal of minimizing warm ischemia time.
This document summarizes a journal club presentation on tendoscopy. It discusses what tendoscopy is and provides details on techniques for Achilles, peroneal, and posterior tibial tendoscopy. Key indications, surgical procedures, results, advantages, disadvantages, and complications are outlined for each type of tendoscopy. The presenter concludes that while tendoscopy is becoming an important tool, there is little high-quality evidence to fully support its use in daily practice at this time.
This document discusses amputation as a surgical procedure. It begins by outlining the different circumstances that may necessitate amputation, including when a limb is dead, deadly, or a dead loss due to conditions like gangrene, infection, or trauma. It then describes different types of amputations including distal, transmetatarsal, below-knee, and above-knee procedures. For each type of amputation, it details how the operation is performed and important postoperative considerations like wound care, mobilization, and complications.
Extended totally extraperitoneal repair (eTEP) is a novel technique that was first introduced by Jorge Daes in 2012 to address difficult inguinal hernias.
This document discusses various surgical approaches for forehead and brow lifting as well as neck lifting. For forehead lifts, it describes techniques like the coronal approach and its disadvantages like scalp numbness. It also covers other approaches like the temple approach and endoscopic approach. For neck lifts, it discusses factors to consider like skin elasticity and platysma muscle treatment. It provides details on the surgical process for different grades of neck laxity and describes techniques like subcutaneous lipectomy and platysma plication. Post-operative care is also outlined for both forehead and neck procedures.
Extreme lateral disc herniation causing lumbar and radicular painnicola zullo
This document discusses the surgical management of extreme lateral disc herniations. It defines extreme lateral disc herniations as occurring outside the spinal canal but lateral to the facet joints. The document reviews different surgical approaches for these herniations including midline, paramedian, retroperitoneal, and endoscopic approaches. It then presents a case study of a 43-year-old patient who underwent a minimally invasive extreme lateral trans psoas approach to remove an L2-L3 disc herniation. The patient experienced good postoperative improvement in their leg and back pain. The document concludes this approach is a good option for extreme lateral disc herniations as it is fast, safe, and causes minimal blood loss or disruption
The document discusses the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap, which is based on perforators from the superficial circumflex iliac artery. It provides details on the anatomy and course of the artery. The SCIP flap is a versatile flap that can be used to reconstruct soft tissue defects in the hand, lower leg, and oral cavity. Benefits include a concealed donor site, primary closure of the donor site, and thin pliable skin. Preoperative imaging such as Doppler ultrasound can help identify perforators to plan the flap design. The document presents several case examples where SCIP flaps were successfully used to reconstruct various soft tissue defects.
This document provides information on foot and ankle reconstruction following trauma or other conditions. It discusses relevant anatomy, comorbidities like diabetes and neuropathy that must be considered, examination steps, investigation options, and various reconstructive techniques. Reconstruction options range from local flaps and skin grafts for smaller defects to pedicled and free flaps for larger or complex cases. Post-operative care involves non-weight bearing, elevation, and gradual rehabilitation. The document aims to guide evaluation and selection of the best reconstructive approach based on individual patient and wound factors.
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb. It has been performed for centuries as a treatment for trauma, infection, tumors, and other conditions. The procedure involves carefully marking the incision site, administering antibiotics, ligating blood vessels, and creating a conical stump for prosthesis fitting. Factors like adequate blood supply, joint mobility, and wound healing must be considered when determining the appropriate amputation level. With modern techniques, amputation allows many patients to regain mobility and independence through prosthetic devices.
Appendicitis can be life-threatening if the appendix ruptures, leading to sepsis and organ failure. It is important to operate before rupture occurs. The appendix can be difficult to diagnose as its symptoms can mimic other conditions. Certain groups like the young, elderly, diabetics and immunocompromised are more at risk of earlier rupture. The most reliable indication for surgery is localized tenderness in the lower right abdomen.
This document describes the anatomy and clinical applications of the posterior interosseous artery (PIA) flap. Some key points:
- The PIA originates from the common interosseous artery and passes through the forearm, giving off cutaneous perforators.
- A flap based on the PIA can be used to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the hand, forearm, and elbow. It has the advantages of avoiding sacrifice of major forearm arteries.
- Variations include the distally-based retrograde flap for hand defects, proximally-based anterograde flap for elbow coverage, and osteocutaneous flap including a bone segment from the ulna.
Prashant Kumar studied operation theater technician from 2020-2022 at King George's Medical University in Lucknow, India. He learned about common surgical instruments including their names, uses and sterilization methods. Some instruments described include forceps, retractors, scissors and needle holders which are used to hold, expose and cut tissues in various surgeries.
Flexor tendon injury final edit with picturesGautam Kalra
This document discusses flexor tendon injuries and their management. It covers the anatomy of flexor tendons and pulley system, zones of injury, tendon healing process, and approaches to repairing different types of injuries. For zone I injuries of the finger, which involve a single tendon in the osteofacial tunnel, the document recommends end-to-end repair if sufficient length is available, or transosseous techniques if the stump is too short. Avulsion injuries are classified and recommendations are given for repair timing based on the classification and presence of the vincular system.
The document discusses various types of surgical incisions including their purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes abdominal and pelvic incisions such as midline, paramedian, transverse, oblique, Kochler subcostal, McBurney, Pfannenstiel, and Maylard incisions. Langer's lines, which correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibers, are also mentioned as incisions made parallel to these lines may result in better healing and less scarring. Key layers of the abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum are also defined.
This document provides an overview of amputations, including:
- Indications for amputations include poor circulation, injury, infection, and tumors. The most common indication is poor circulation from conditions like diabetes or peripheral artery disease.
- Types of amputations include closed amputations where flaps are closed primarily and open amputations where flaps are not primarily closed. Levels of amputation depend on the condition and location of the injury or disease.
- Basic principles of amputation include using anesthesia, a tourniquet, fashioning adequate skin flaps, sectioning muscles and blood vessels, protecting cut nerve endings, and postoperative rehabilitation. Complications can include hematoma, infection, necrosis, contractures and phantom limb
This document summarizes flexor tendon injuries and repairs. It describes tendon nutrition, zones of ischemia, tendon healing phases, factors that cause adhesions, examination techniques, and types of tendon repairs. Flexor tendon injuries are evaluated based on the location of the injury (Verdan zones I-V) and repaired accordingly. Primary repair is preferred if possible, while complications like adhesions or gap formation require techniques like tenolysis. Postoperative rehabilitation aims to restore tendon gliding and function while avoiding issues like bowstringing.
This document provides information on orbital surgeries and anatomy. It describes the average dimensions of the adult orbit and its topographic relations. The seven bones that make up the four orbital walls - roof, lateral wall, medial wall, and floor - are identified along with key landmarks. The document also discusses the five surgical spaces of the orbit and different surgical techniques for orbitotomy, orbital decompression, and fracture repair.
1. The document provides an algorithmic approach for evaluating and treating soft-tissue injuries of the fingertip, outlining methods based on the type and extent of injury.
2. A variety of reconstruction techniques are described, including V-Y flaps, triangular flaps, and cross-finger flaps from neighboring digits depending on the location and size of the defect.
3. The goal of treatment is to provide durable coverage while preserving length, sensation and function of the injured digit.
Jc flexor tendon injury, repair & rehabilitaionLove2jaipal
Flexor tendon injuries require careful surgical repair and rehabilitation to achieve a successful outcome. The anatomy of the flexor tendons and their blood supply is complex. A thorough patient evaluation including examination of each tendon is important for diagnosis and treatment planning. Various suture techniques exist for flexor tendon repair, with the goal of reapproximating the tendon ends while minimizing gaps and damage to the tendon vascularity. Proper suture material selection and postoperative rehabilitation are also crucial factors.
This document discusses extensor tendon injuries and deformities of the hand. It begins with the anatomy of the extensor tendons of the forearm and their arrangement at the wrist. It then describes the mechanics of the extensor mechanism in the fingers and different zones of injury. Specific injuries like mallet finger and boutonniere deformity are explained in detail. Surgical techniques for repairing zone I and II injuries are also summarized.
Microtia is a congenital deformity where the external ear is underdeveloped, ranging from small ears to complete absence of the auricular tissues. Treatment options include autologous costal cartilage grafts and prosthetic reconstruction. The Tanzer, Brent, and Nagata techniques use harvested rib cartilage to construct an ear framework, with differences in staging and sculpting of features. Complications can include chest wall deformities, skin necrosis, infection, and resorption of the cartilage graft over time.
Algorithm to approach the lower extremity defect and to select appropriate fl...Binh Phuoc
1. The document provides an algorithm for selecting appropriate flaps to reconstruct lower extremity defects, discussing various options from primary closure to free flaps.
2. It begins by covering primary and secondary wound closure, then skin grafts including split-thickness and full-thickness grafts.
3. Next it discusses flaps in general and provides classifications. It then details various local, regional, and free flap options for reconstruction, including musculocutaneous flaps like the gastrocnemius and latissimus dorsi flaps.
The document discusses flexor tendon injuries, including anatomy, classification by zones, surgical techniques for repair, and postoperative rehabilitation. It covers the superficial and deep flexor tendon groups, pulley system anatomy and its importance, and surgical approaches and repair methods for injuries in different zones of the hand. Primary goals of repair include restoring tendon continuity and gliding while preventing adhesions through techniques like circumferential suturing.
Arthroscopic vertebral column operation is a laser treatment done for vertebral column illnesses. This operation is minimally invasive along with requires only local anesthesia. The operation procedure includes using lots of fiber optic apparatus to examine the contaminated vertebral column region. The procedure followed is totally outpatient and requires minimal incisions.
Extreme lateral disc herniation causing lumbar and radicular painnicola zullo
This document discusses the surgical management of extreme lateral disc herniations. It defines extreme lateral disc herniations as occurring outside the spinal canal but lateral to the facet joints. The document reviews different surgical approaches for these herniations including midline, paramedian, retroperitoneal, and endoscopic approaches. It then presents a case study of a 43-year-old patient who underwent a minimally invasive extreme lateral trans psoas approach to remove an L2-L3 disc herniation. The patient experienced good postoperative improvement in their leg and back pain. The document concludes this approach is a good option for extreme lateral disc herniations as it is fast, safe, and causes minimal blood loss or disruption
The document discusses the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap, which is based on perforators from the superficial circumflex iliac artery. It provides details on the anatomy and course of the artery. The SCIP flap is a versatile flap that can be used to reconstruct soft tissue defects in the hand, lower leg, and oral cavity. Benefits include a concealed donor site, primary closure of the donor site, and thin pliable skin. Preoperative imaging such as Doppler ultrasound can help identify perforators to plan the flap design. The document presents several case examples where SCIP flaps were successfully used to reconstruct various soft tissue defects.
This document provides information on foot and ankle reconstruction following trauma or other conditions. It discusses relevant anatomy, comorbidities like diabetes and neuropathy that must be considered, examination steps, investigation options, and various reconstructive techniques. Reconstruction options range from local flaps and skin grafts for smaller defects to pedicled and free flaps for larger or complex cases. Post-operative care involves non-weight bearing, elevation, and gradual rehabilitation. The document aims to guide evaluation and selection of the best reconstructive approach based on individual patient and wound factors.
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb. It has been performed for centuries as a treatment for trauma, infection, tumors, and other conditions. The procedure involves carefully marking the incision site, administering antibiotics, ligating blood vessels, and creating a conical stump for prosthesis fitting. Factors like adequate blood supply, joint mobility, and wound healing must be considered when determining the appropriate amputation level. With modern techniques, amputation allows many patients to regain mobility and independence through prosthetic devices.
Appendicitis can be life-threatening if the appendix ruptures, leading to sepsis and organ failure. It is important to operate before rupture occurs. The appendix can be difficult to diagnose as its symptoms can mimic other conditions. Certain groups like the young, elderly, diabetics and immunocompromised are more at risk of earlier rupture. The most reliable indication for surgery is localized tenderness in the lower right abdomen.
This document describes the anatomy and clinical applications of the posterior interosseous artery (PIA) flap. Some key points:
- The PIA originates from the common interosseous artery and passes through the forearm, giving off cutaneous perforators.
- A flap based on the PIA can be used to reconstruct soft tissue defects of the hand, forearm, and elbow. It has the advantages of avoiding sacrifice of major forearm arteries.
- Variations include the distally-based retrograde flap for hand defects, proximally-based anterograde flap for elbow coverage, and osteocutaneous flap including a bone segment from the ulna.
Prashant Kumar studied operation theater technician from 2020-2022 at King George's Medical University in Lucknow, India. He learned about common surgical instruments including their names, uses and sterilization methods. Some instruments described include forceps, retractors, scissors and needle holders which are used to hold, expose and cut tissues in various surgeries.
Flexor tendon injury final edit with picturesGautam Kalra
This document discusses flexor tendon injuries and their management. It covers the anatomy of flexor tendons and pulley system, zones of injury, tendon healing process, and approaches to repairing different types of injuries. For zone I injuries of the finger, which involve a single tendon in the osteofacial tunnel, the document recommends end-to-end repair if sufficient length is available, or transosseous techniques if the stump is too short. Avulsion injuries are classified and recommendations are given for repair timing based on the classification and presence of the vincular system.
The document discusses various types of surgical incisions including their purposes, advantages, and disadvantages. It describes abdominal and pelvic incisions such as midline, paramedian, transverse, oblique, Kochler subcostal, McBurney, Pfannenstiel, and Maylard incisions. Langer's lines, which correspond to the natural orientation of collagen fibers, are also mentioned as incisions made parallel to these lines may result in better healing and less scarring. Key layers of the abdominal wall including skin, fascia, muscles and peritoneum are also defined.
This document provides an overview of amputations, including:
- Indications for amputations include poor circulation, injury, infection, and tumors. The most common indication is poor circulation from conditions like diabetes or peripheral artery disease.
- Types of amputations include closed amputations where flaps are closed primarily and open amputations where flaps are not primarily closed. Levels of amputation depend on the condition and location of the injury or disease.
- Basic principles of amputation include using anesthesia, a tourniquet, fashioning adequate skin flaps, sectioning muscles and blood vessels, protecting cut nerve endings, and postoperative rehabilitation. Complications can include hematoma, infection, necrosis, contractures and phantom limb
This document summarizes flexor tendon injuries and repairs. It describes tendon nutrition, zones of ischemia, tendon healing phases, factors that cause adhesions, examination techniques, and types of tendon repairs. Flexor tendon injuries are evaluated based on the location of the injury (Verdan zones I-V) and repaired accordingly. Primary repair is preferred if possible, while complications like adhesions or gap formation require techniques like tenolysis. Postoperative rehabilitation aims to restore tendon gliding and function while avoiding issues like bowstringing.
This document provides information on orbital surgeries and anatomy. It describes the average dimensions of the adult orbit and its topographic relations. The seven bones that make up the four orbital walls - roof, lateral wall, medial wall, and floor - are identified along with key landmarks. The document also discusses the five surgical spaces of the orbit and different surgical techniques for orbitotomy, orbital decompression, and fracture repair.
1. The document provides an algorithmic approach for evaluating and treating soft-tissue injuries of the fingertip, outlining methods based on the type and extent of injury.
2. A variety of reconstruction techniques are described, including V-Y flaps, triangular flaps, and cross-finger flaps from neighboring digits depending on the location and size of the defect.
3. The goal of treatment is to provide durable coverage while preserving length, sensation and function of the injured digit.
Jc flexor tendon injury, repair & rehabilitaionLove2jaipal
Flexor tendon injuries require careful surgical repair and rehabilitation to achieve a successful outcome. The anatomy of the flexor tendons and their blood supply is complex. A thorough patient evaluation including examination of each tendon is important for diagnosis and treatment planning. Various suture techniques exist for flexor tendon repair, with the goal of reapproximating the tendon ends while minimizing gaps and damage to the tendon vascularity. Proper suture material selection and postoperative rehabilitation are also crucial factors.
This document discusses extensor tendon injuries and deformities of the hand. It begins with the anatomy of the extensor tendons of the forearm and their arrangement at the wrist. It then describes the mechanics of the extensor mechanism in the fingers and different zones of injury. Specific injuries like mallet finger and boutonniere deformity are explained in detail. Surgical techniques for repairing zone I and II injuries are also summarized.
Microtia is a congenital deformity where the external ear is underdeveloped, ranging from small ears to complete absence of the auricular tissues. Treatment options include autologous costal cartilage grafts and prosthetic reconstruction. The Tanzer, Brent, and Nagata techniques use harvested rib cartilage to construct an ear framework, with differences in staging and sculpting of features. Complications can include chest wall deformities, skin necrosis, infection, and resorption of the cartilage graft over time.
Algorithm to approach the lower extremity defect and to select appropriate fl...Binh Phuoc
1. The document provides an algorithm for selecting appropriate flaps to reconstruct lower extremity defects, discussing various options from primary closure to free flaps.
2. It begins by covering primary and secondary wound closure, then skin grafts including split-thickness and full-thickness grafts.
3. Next it discusses flaps in general and provides classifications. It then details various local, regional, and free flap options for reconstruction, including musculocutaneous flaps like the gastrocnemius and latissimus dorsi flaps.
The document discusses flexor tendon injuries, including anatomy, classification by zones, surgical techniques for repair, and postoperative rehabilitation. It covers the superficial and deep flexor tendon groups, pulley system anatomy and its importance, and surgical approaches and repair methods for injuries in different zones of the hand. Primary goals of repair include restoring tendon continuity and gliding while preventing adhesions through techniques like circumferential suturing.
Arthroscopic vertebral column operation is a laser treatment done for vertebral column illnesses. This operation is minimally invasive along with requires only local anesthesia. The operation procedure includes using lots of fiber optic apparatus to examine the contaminated vertebral column region. The procedure followed is totally outpatient and requires minimal incisions.
Breaking Down and Understanding Laminotomy, Laminectomy & Spinal FusionAna McCorkhill
The document discusses laminectomy, laminotomy, and spinal fusion procedures. A laminectomy involves completely removing the lamina bone, while a laminotomy removes only part of the lamina bone. Both procedures are used to treat herniated discs and spinal stenosis. Spinal fusion is used to stabilize vertebrae and is often needed after laminectomy due to instability. The document describes each procedure and compares their goals, risks, and post-operative considerations.
Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb or extremity. It is used to control pain, disease processes, or as a form of punishment. The key types of amputation are based on the bone or joint where the amputation occurs. Complications can include hematomas, necrosis, contractures, neuromas, phantom sensations, and causalgia. Proper stump care and rehabilitation is important for successful prosthetic fitting and use. The goal is to achieve a prosthesis-compatible stump to allow for functional restoration with a prosthetic device.
This document discusses various types of brain and spinal surgeries performed by Armancare including: microsurgery for brain tumors, endoscopic brain surgery, skull base surgery, brain trauma surgery, spinal decompression, spinal fusion, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty. It then focuses on decompression surgery and spinal fusion, describing how decompression surgery removes bone and disc material to relieve pressure on nerves while fusion fuses vertebrae to decrease pain. Microdiscectomy and laminectomy are discussed as common decompression procedures.
Microsurgery is surgery performed under an operating microscope that allows surgeons to reconnect small blood vessels, nerves, and tissues less than 1 mm in diameter. It is used in free tissue transfer to move composite tissues from one part of the body to another for reconstruction, in replantation to reattach severed body parts by restoring blood flow and connecting tissues, and in transplantation research. Microsurgery techniques are also used to treat infertility and perform lumbar discectomies to remove herniated discs through small incisions. Kharghar Medicity Multispecialty Hospital in Navi Mumbai offers microsurgery and other super specialty services along with 24/7 emergency care.
This document describes the mini-open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique. Key points include:
1. Mini-open TLIF provides the benefits of TLIF with less soft tissue disruption through a smaller incision and muscle splitting approach.
2. The technique involves facetectomy, bilateral decompression if needed, interbody cage insertion, and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation through tubular retractors.
3. Advantages over open TLIF include less blood loss, reduced postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay. However, it requires microsurgical skills and has a steep learning curve.
This document describes several orthopedic procedures:
1. Basal joint reconstruction surgery removes the damaged basal thumb joint and replaces it with a tendon graft to relieve arthritis pain and improve thumb mobility.
2. De Quervain's tenosynovitis release relieves pressure on inflamed thumb tendons by surgically opening the surrounding sheath.
3. Ganglion cyst removal involves accessing the cyst via a small wrist incision and cutting it from its attachment point to remove it.
This document provides an overview of minimally invasive surgery techniques in orthopedics. It discusses the history and basic principles of minimally invasive surgery. Key areas where minimally invasive techniques are used include minimally invasive spine surgery using tubular retractors, arthroscopy of joints like the shoulder, knee, hip and ankle, minimally invasive surgeries for fracture management using techniques like IM nailing and MIPO, and minimally invasive joint replacements like knee and hip arthroplasty. Benefits of minimally invasive surgeries include minimal tissue trauma, reduced pain and morbidity, shorter hospital stays and faster recovery.
A herniated disc occurs when the outer layer of an intervertebral disc tears, allowing the gel-like inner nucleus pulposus to bulge out. This can press on nerves and cause pain. While most herniated discs heal on their own, surgery may be recommended if conservative treatments like medication and physical therapy do not provide relief. Common surgical procedures to treat a herniated disc include endoscopic spine surgery, discectomy to remove the bulging disc material, and laminectomy to remove part of the vertebrae pressing on nerves. Recovery from herniated disc surgery typically involves avoiding strenuous activities for 4 weeks to prevent re-injury while allowing time to heal.
This document discusses surgical management of rhinosinusitis, including different approaches to endoscopic sinus surgery and their indications. It describes techniques for uncinectomy, ethmoidectomy, maxillary antrostomy, and opening the frontal sinus and sphenoid. Local or general anesthesia can be used. Post-operative management involves cleaning the surgical cavity, antibiotics, steroids, and follow-up visits. Antral lavage is discussed as a treatment for acute rhinosinusitis and as an adjunct to external drainage of orbital complications.
This document summarizes the steps of a minimally invasive lumbar discectomy procedure. The surgeon uses an endoscope and tools inserted through a small cannula to remove herniated disc material pressing on the spinal nerves. Key steps include positioning the patient, making a small incision to access the spine, inserting the endoscope to view the surgical area, exposing the herniated disc, and removing just the damaged portions of the disc to relieve pressure on nerves. Patients typically experience fast recovery and return to normal activities within 1-6 weeks after the outpatient procedure.
This document discusses various types of phonosurgery procedures. Phonosurgery aims to improve or restore the voice and includes microlaryngeal surgery, injection laryngoplasty, and laryngeal framework surgery. Microlaryngeal surgery allows for fine manipulation of the vocal folds using a microscope. Common procedures discussed include treating vocal nodules, polyps, Reinke's edema, and papillomas using precision excision or laser techniques to preserve vocal fold function. Injection laryngoplasty can be used to medialize an adductor cord in cases of paralysis or paresis.
This document summarizes a presentation on orbital surgery. It discusses various surgical approaches to the orbit including lid crease incisions, lateral orbitotomies, and endoscopic decompression. It also covers orbital decompression techniques like superior, medial, inferior and lateral decompression to treat conditions like Graves' orbitopathy. Potential complications of orbital surgery are discussed such as diplopia, optic neuropathy, and hypoesthesia, as well as techniques to avoid complications by careful patient evaluation, approach selection, exposure and hemostasis.
This document provides an overview of minimal access surgery (MAS). It defines MAS as applying modern technology to minimize surgical trauma without compromising exposure or safety. The history of MAS is traced from early laparoscopic procedures in the 1900s to developments like natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) more recently. The advantages of MAS include reduced pain, wounds, and recovery time compared to open surgery. Potential complications include injuries and those related to pneumoperitoneum such as arrhythmias. A variety of endoscopic, laparoscopic, and catheter-based minimal access procedures across several specialties are described in the document.
Recent advances in minimal access surgery.pptxManoj H.V
This document summarizes recent advances in minimally invasive surgery techniques. It discusses laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair procedures like transabdominal preperitoneal repair and total extraperitoneal repair. It also describes newer natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery techniques, bikini line laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer surgery. The document provides details of techniques, advantages, and limitations of various minimally invasive procedures.
Management of odontogenic tumors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
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Management of odontogenic tumors /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indi...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Laminotomy surgery in india at mumbai and delhi at affordable cost
1. Laminotomy Surgery In India at Mumbai and Delhi at
Affordable Cost
Laminotomy
The word laminotomy originates from the Latin terms lamina - the bony plate
covering the posterior arch of the vertebra and otomy - the act of cutting or making
an incision.
A Laminotomy is a minimally invasive endoscopic approach to opening the spinal
canal. A laminotomy does not require the use of general anesthesia and it can be
performed in a surgical outpatient setting.
A laminotomy is performed to relieve pressure from the spinal canal for exiting
nerve roots and the spinal cord. The procedure is performed with an end goal of
increasing the amount of available space for neural tissues, and releasing entrapped
nerves.
A laminotomy can be used to treat bone spurs, pinched nerve, spinal stenosis, disc
problems such as a herniated or bulging disc, excessive scar tissue formation and
spinal arthritis.
Laminotomy and Laminectomy differences
A laminotomy is a procedure that can be used to remove the ligamentum flavum.
Spinal stenosis has been attributed to this ligament located in the spinal canal. It
can naturally thicken to the point that it begins to compress the spinal cord. When a
laminotomy is performed the ligament can be removed, freeing or releasing the
2. affected nerve(s).
A laminectomy is classed as traditional open back surgery that requires the patient
to be placed under general anesthesia. In a laminectomy the lamina is removed to
increase the amount of space available for neural tissue.
A Laminotomy of the Spine is used to treat the following conditions:
• Bone Spurs.
• Pinched Nerve.
• Spinal Stenosis.
• Herniated Disc.
• Bulging Disc.
• Scar Tissue Formation.
• Arthritis of the Spine.
Laminotomy - The Procedure
After the patient receives a local anesthetic, a small incision is made in the back
and a round Depuy tube is inserted into it. Gradually, a small series of tubes are
placed over the initial tube slowly increasing in size to make an opening for access
to the spine. The final working tube will be about 18 millimeters in diameter which
3. the surgeon will use to insert the laser, camera, suction, irrigation and other
surgical instruments. With this minimally invasive method, the muscles are pushed
aside instead of being cut or torn.
A laminotomy is an endoscopic procedure and not arthroscopic. The difference
being that arthroscopic surgery requires inserting the tubular instrument into the
joint, where endoscopic covers surgery with the same instrument being placed
anywhere outside of the joint.
After the working tube is in place the surgeon can begin the procedure. Many
patients that undergo a laminotomy will feel instant relief as the surgeon releases
the entrapped nerves. Symptoms of back and leg pain are resolved by
decompressing the spinal canal.
When the surgeon is finished with the procedure the tube is slowly removed,
allowing for muscles to naturally shift back to normal positions.
Laminotomy - Recovery
Patients may sometime require one or two stitches and after a few hours of
monitoring, are allowed to leave (accompanied by a companion.)
After the Laminotomy is completed the patient is encouraged to take a long walk
that afternoon or evening. The following day the doctor will see the patient for a
post-operative consultation and give them the authorization to return home.
With the advancements in medicine there are a number of minimally invasive
procedures one can consider traditional before open back surgery. If a laminotomy
is not right for you, other procedures such as a foraminotomy or facet thermal
ablation may be.
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