The Marungko Approach was developed by Nooraihan Ali and Josefina Urbano to improve reading skills and teacher competence in teaching reading, especially in Grade 1. It uses a "phono-syllabic" method, teaching individual sounds and blending them into syllables and words. The approach starts with letter sounds rather than names, and introduces letters in the order of m, s, a, i, o rather than the alphabet. It teaches sounds individually, has students write the letters as they make the sounds, and then blends sounds into words, phrases, and sentences once mastery is achieved. Additional words and letter sounds are gradually introduced in relation to those already learned.

2. Background
•Marungko Approach was first introduced in public
elementary school in Marungko, Angat, Bulacan,
devised by Nooraihan Ali and Josefina Urbano.

3. Background
•According to Nooraihan and Urbano, the method
used is called "phono syllabic“ which is teaching
of correct single sounds and the blending of
sounds into syllables and words.

4. Marungko Approach
•The Marungko Approach is designed to equip
Grade One pupils the necessary reading skills to
improve their achievement in reading. Likewise, it
seeks to develop a training model to enhance
teachers’ competence in the teaching of reading in
the primary grades most especially in Grade One.

5. Marungko Approach
•The Marungko approach provides materials to the
success in teaching reading. It starts with letter
sounds rather than name. Instead of the usual
arrangement (order) of letters in the alphabet, it
starts with m, s, a, i, o…

6. How to use Marungko?
1.The first 5 lessons are as follows: m, s, a , i, o
Teach each sound and form until mastery before a
new sound is introduced:
a) Ask a question to which the response will elicit
the target sound. You can use pictures of words
beginning with m, s, a etc. depending on the current
lesson.

8. How to use Marungko?
b) Show the target letter and tell the children
to sound it again as they look at the letter.

10. How to use Marungko?
c) Show them how to write it. Ask them to
write it, with the fingers in the air, on their
palm, on their desks, and on paper as they give
the sound.

12. How to use Marungko?
d) Mastery means they know the sound and
the form of the target letter. They can give the
sound and write the symbol.

13. How to use Marungko?
2. After the first 3 sounds have been mastered,
these can be combined to form words, phrases or
sentences. Start blending of sounds. Every new
sound is introduced with previous sounds already
learned and in various combinations into words.
Start blending of sounds.

14. a-ma
a-sa
ma-ma
sa-ma
a-a-sa ma-sa-ma

15. 3. Introduce function words that cannot be
taught through the phono syllabic method as
whole words e.g. ang, ng, mga, ay.
How to use Marungko?

16. ang ama
mga ma-ma
sa-sa-ma ng
ma-sa-ma ay

17. 4. After the first 5 sounds have been mastered, any
other sound can be taught in relation to sounds
already learned. Suggested sequence is as follows:
b, e, u, t, k, l, y, n, g, ng, p, r, d, h, w.
How to use Marungko?