The document discusses the auxiliary power supply scheme for a thermal power plant. It divides auxiliary power supplies into two categories: urgent and service. Urgent auxiliaries are associated with running a unit and their loss would immediately reduce unit output. Service auxiliaries' loss would not affect output until after some time. The procedure involves supplying urgent auxiliaries from unit transformers and service auxiliaries from station transformers, with each unit having a separate supply. A standby supply is also provided to rapidly bring a unit back online if a normal supply circuit fails.
Electrical fault is the deviation of voltages and currents from nominal values or states. Under normal operating conditions, power system equipment or lines carry normal voltages and currents which results in a safer operation of the system.
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Electrical measurement & measuring instruments [emmi (nee-302) -unit-2]Md Irshad Ahmad
Instrument Transformers: CT and PT; their errors, Applications of CT and PT in the extension of instrument range, Introduction to measurement of speed, frequency and power factor.(
A sudden loss of power will disrupt most business operations, it is not only total mains failures or
‘blackouts’ which can trigger devastating effects. Many electrical loads, for example computer
systems, are equally susceptible to power sags, brown-outs, black-outs, power spikes and surges,
noise and radio frequency interference, and supply frequency changes.
Such loads are often referred to as ‘critical loads’, partly because their continuous operation is
fundamental to the functioning of the business, and also because they require a more stable and
reliable power source than that generally offered by the utility mains supply in order to guarantee
their correct function.
Critical Load Applications
The numbers and types of load falling into the ‘critical’ category are rapidly expanding as an
ever increasing range of microprocessor-based equipment enters both the industrial and commercial
marketplaces. This is typified by the growth of on-line transaction processing and Ecommerce
where 24 hour trading demands absolute power quality with zero downtime.
Among typical critical loads are:
• Computers – e.g. data processing and control systems.
• Industrial process equipment – e.g. precision manufacturing.
• Medical equipment – e.g. life support and monitoring systems.
• Telecommunications network equipment – e.g. PABX.
• Point of sales (POS) terminals – e.g retailing environment.
• On-line business transactions – e.g. internet shopping.
The effects of an inadequate supply to a critical load can include:
• Cessation of the business process – i.e. a total inability to trade and/or communicate
• data loss or corruption due to software crashing
• Expensive hardware failure including component damage – e.g. due to power sags,
spikes etc.
• Production loss due to incorrect operation of a manufacturing process and possible
production equipment damage
• Inappropriate control system operation
• Lost business due to failed POS or telecommunications equipment
• Possible time penalty paid to repair/reset affected systems
AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTsheikhalfiya
Auxiliary power is electric power that is provided by an alternate source
It serves as backup for the primary power source
auxiliary system power supply in large power plants is a key factor for normal operation, transient states, start-ups and shutdowns during fault conditions
Depending upon the type of fuel and environmental control system required, a thermal power plant may consume as much as 10% of its total generation for auxiliary power
Electrical fault is the deviation of voltages and currents from nominal values or states. Under normal operating conditions, power system equipment or lines carry normal voltages and currents which results in a safer operation of the system.
It is based on current transformer description
It's working and applications are present in it ,it also includes videos of it's windings and it's inrush ability of transformer, and also about instrument transformer and it's working with applications.Current transformers are used-in measuring high currents and connected with it in parallel to it
SWICTH GEAR AND PROTECTION (2170906)
DISTANCE RELAY
• There are mainly Three types of distance relay
1) Impedance Relay
2) Reactance Relay
3) Mho Relay
What is islanding ?
Consider the power network as shown in fig.1
Now if we disconnect the line AB from the infinite transmission grid there will be an isolated region . The D1, D2 are power sources (eg : inverter , solar power cells ). The power generated in this region is fed to the island only.
We see that there no longer is any control over the island voltage at the bus X . Also there is no mechanism here for control of frequency.
This state is referred to as islanding.
This directional over current relay employs the principle of actuation of the relay....It has a metallic disc free to rotate between the poles of two...
Electrical measurement & measuring instruments [emmi (nee-302) -unit-2]Md Irshad Ahmad
Instrument Transformers: CT and PT; their errors, Applications of CT and PT in the extension of instrument range, Introduction to measurement of speed, frequency and power factor.(
A sudden loss of power will disrupt most business operations, it is not only total mains failures or
‘blackouts’ which can trigger devastating effects. Many electrical loads, for example computer
systems, are equally susceptible to power sags, brown-outs, black-outs, power spikes and surges,
noise and radio frequency interference, and supply frequency changes.
Such loads are often referred to as ‘critical loads’, partly because their continuous operation is
fundamental to the functioning of the business, and also because they require a more stable and
reliable power source than that generally offered by the utility mains supply in order to guarantee
their correct function.
Critical Load Applications
The numbers and types of load falling into the ‘critical’ category are rapidly expanding as an
ever increasing range of microprocessor-based equipment enters both the industrial and commercial
marketplaces. This is typified by the growth of on-line transaction processing and Ecommerce
where 24 hour trading demands absolute power quality with zero downtime.
Among typical critical loads are:
• Computers – e.g. data processing and control systems.
• Industrial process equipment – e.g. precision manufacturing.
• Medical equipment – e.g. life support and monitoring systems.
• Telecommunications network equipment – e.g. PABX.
• Point of sales (POS) terminals – e.g retailing environment.
• On-line business transactions – e.g. internet shopping.
The effects of an inadequate supply to a critical load can include:
• Cessation of the business process – i.e. a total inability to trade and/or communicate
• data loss or corruption due to software crashing
• Expensive hardware failure including component damage – e.g. due to power sags,
spikes etc.
• Production loss due to incorrect operation of a manufacturing process and possible
production equipment damage
• Inappropriate control system operation
• Lost business due to failed POS or telecommunications equipment
• Possible time penalty paid to repair/reset affected systems
AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLY SCHEME FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTsheikhalfiya
Auxiliary power is electric power that is provided by an alternate source
It serves as backup for the primary power source
auxiliary system power supply in large power plants is a key factor for normal operation, transient states, start-ups and shutdowns during fault conditions
Depending upon the type of fuel and environmental control system required, a thermal power plant may consume as much as 10% of its total generation for auxiliary power
This manual consists of some important experiments of ac electrical machines.This is prepared by satish babu and lokesh.They are working as staff in usha rama college,telaprolu.
This is an easy introduction to the concept of Genetic Algorithms. It gives Simple explanation of Genetic Algorithms. Covers the major steps that are required to implement the GA for your tasks.
For other resources visit: http://pimpalepatil.googlepages.com/
For more information mail me on pbpimpale@gmail.com
An inverter is an electric apparatus that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). It is not the same thing as an alternator, which converts mechanical energy(e.g. movement) into alternating current.
Direct current is created by devices such as batteries and solar panels. When connected, an inverter allows these devices to provide electric power for small household devices. The inverter does this through a complex process of electrical adjustment. From this process, AC electric power is produced. This form of electricity can be used to power an electric light, a microwave oven, or some other electric machine.
To solve the loss of power in the household, we need a tool that is capable of supplying the power
source voltage. One of the tools is the inverter, so the author aims to analyze how the effects of the use of
the appliance inverter if saddled with the burden of energy-saving lamps as lighting in residences. The
method used is by measuring along with an analysis of calculation given load whenever inverter energysaving
lamps with varying power to determine the change in the electrical quantities to be analyzed. This
research reached at the time of getting the highest load of 203W; cos φ light weight using the inverter
much better, reaching 0.93 compared without using an inverter which is just 0.68 as well as current and
load power consumed by the use of the much smaller inverter. For example, only 0,76A and 135,63A
compared to the load current and power without the use of inverters that achieve 1,3A and 185,64W.
To solve the loss of power in the household, we need a tool that is capable of supplying the power
source voltage. One of the tools is the inverter, so the author aims to analyze how the effects of the use of
the appliance inverter if saddled with the burden of energy-saving lamps as lighting in residences. The
method used is by measuring along with an analysis of calculation given load whenever inverter energysaving
lamps with varying power to determine the change in the electrical quantities to be analyzed. This
research reached at the time of getting the highest load of 203W; cos φ light weight using the inverter
much better, reaching 0.93 compared without using an inverter which is just 0.68 as well as current and
load power consumed by the use of the much smaller inverter. For example, only 0,76A and 135,63A
compared to the load current and power without the use of inverters that achieve 1,3A and 185,64W.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. STANI MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
POWER SYSTEM DESIGN LAB
EXPERIMENT NO. 2
Aim: - Auxiliary power supply scheme for thermal power plant.
Apparatus Requirements: - Thermal Power Plant, Main Power Supply, Auxiliary Power
Supply.
Theory: - The auxiliary power supply can be divided into two categories: Urgent Auxiliary Supply
and Service Auxiliary Supply.
The Urgent Auxiliaries are those which are associated with the running of a unit and whose loss
would cause an immediate reduction of the unit output.
The Service Auxiliaries are those whose loss would not affected the output until after a considerable
time.
Circuit Diagram:-
Precautions:1) Do not touch any live conductor.
2) Please keep distance from electrical equipments because voltage level very high i.e. 132 kV,
220 kV, and 400 kV.
Procedure:1) There should be two main sources of supply (I) from the grid via the station transformers, (II)
from the main generators via the unit transformers.
2. 2) The urgent auxiliaries should be supplied from the unit transforms and the service auxiliaries
from the station transformers. Each generating unit should have a separate supply and the
failure of one unit should not affect the other.
3) The unit board and the station board should be interconnected for starting purposes and to
provide a supply in case the unit supply fails.
4) A standby supply should also be provided so that a unit can be brought back to service rapidly
in the event of a failure of one of the components in any of the normal supply circuits.
Observation Table:-
Calculation:-
Result:- We have successfully studied about Auxiliary power supply scheme of thermal power
plant.
3. Viva- Voice
Ques. 1 How many categories are divided of auxiliary power supply?
Ques. 2 For which supply loss would cause an immediate reduction of the unit output?
Ques. 3 What is Thermal Power Plant?
4. Ans 1. Urgent Auxiliary Supply
Ans 2. The auxiliary power supply can be divided into two categories: Urgent Auxiliary Supply and
Service Auxiliary Supply.
Ans 3. A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is
heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes
through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated.
