The document discusses basic programming concepts including definitions of programs and programming languages. It describes the generations of programming languages from first to fifth generation with examples. It also explains structured and object-oriented programming approaches, differentiating between them. Structured programming uses a top-down design model while object-oriented programming combines data and functions to create objects.

1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGPhXrc78Jg

3. LA 5 - PROGRAMMING 5.1 Basic Programming Concepts Prepared by: Norhasimah Mohamed, SMK Sungai Pusu, Gombak Selangor. 18032008

4. Learning Outcomes State the definition of program . State the definition of programming language. Identify the generations of low-level programming languages with examples. Identify the generations of high-level programming languages with examples.

5. Definition of Program A computer program is a series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks.

6. Definition of Programming Language A programming language is a set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with computers.

7. Example of Programming Languages Hundreds of programming languages exist today. Each language has its own standard or rules for writing the commands and/or instructions. Examples of programming languages are: BASIC (Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) Pascal C Smalltalk

10. Generations of programming languages

11. Levels of Programming Language

12. Task Work in group and collect information about generations of programming language. First generation of programming language Second generation of programming language Third generation of programming language Fourth generation of programming language Fifth generation of programming language ** Presentation on 01/04/2008 must include example and explanation of generations of programming language.

13. Learning Outcomes 5.1.3 Programming Language Approaches 5.1.3.1 Define Structured Approach in programming. 5.1.3.2 Define object-oriented approach in Programming. 5.1.3.3 Differentiate between structured approach and object-oriented approach in programming. 01042008

14. STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING often uses a top-down design model where developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections from top to bottom. In the top-down design model, programs are drawn as rectangles. A top-down design means that the whole program is broken down into smaller sections that are known as modules. A program may have a module or several modules.

15. STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING Structured programming is beneficial for organising and coding computer programs which employ a hierarchy of modules. This means that control is passed downwards only through the hierarchy. Examples of structured programming languages include Ada, Pascal and Fortran.

16. OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING The object-oriented approach refers to a special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects.

17. OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING In an object-oriented program, the object have relationships with one another. One of the earliest OOP languages is Smalltalk. Java, Visual Basic and C++ are examples of popular OOP languages.

18. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Structured programming often uses a top-down design model. The object-oriented programming approach uses objects.

19. QUIZ “ A series of organised instructions that directs a computer to perform tasks.” Above statement refers to definition of _______________. Computer program/ Program

20. QUIZ “ A set of words, symbols and codes that enables humans to communicate with computers.” Above statement refers to definition of ___________________. Programming Language

21. Generations of programming languages 1 st generation : eg:_________________ 2 nd generation : eg:_________________ 3 rd generation : eg:_________________ 4 rd generation : eg:_________________ 5 th generation : eg:_________________ Prolog, Mercury Assembly Language COBOL, Pascal, C++ SQL Machine Language

22. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Structured programming Object-oriented programming Used top down design model Example : ADA, Pascal, Fotran Used a objects special type of programming approach that combines data with functions to create objects Example : C++, Visual Basic