Dr. Laurence Berarducci, MD, FACC presents on "New Cholesterol Management Guidelines" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
New Treatments for Severe HypercholesteremiaAllina Health
By Thomas Knickelbine, MD. New medication options for people with familial hypercholesteremia and statin intolerance: how they work, effectiveness, case examples and ongoing research. "We're getting to the point where we can offer just about anyone tools or treatments that will help reduce their risk of a cardiovascular event."
Statins are highly effective LDL-c lowering agents that actually reduce clinical cardiovascular events. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol recommend high-intensity statin therapy in individuals with high cardiovascular risk as assessed by the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator. However, a significant number of individuals do not tolerate or respond adequately to statins, and continue to have residual risk in spite of high intensity statin therapy.
There are some exciting developments in the field of lipidology. This decade has been labeled “The PCSK9 decade”. A new class of monoclonal antibodies directed against the PCSK9 glycoproteins appears very promising in further lowering LDL cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk. Evolocumab and alirucomab are novel PCSK9 inhibitors that can be given subcutaneously once or twice in a month, and have the potential to reduce LDL-cholesterol to very low levels without any major adverse effects.
Other classes of drugs like Apo-B antisense oligonucleotides (mipomersen), CETP inhibitors (especially anacetrapib), microsomal transfer protein inhibitors (lomitapide) also hold some promise. The future of lipid lowering therapy looks reassuring with these new developments.
Shashikiran Umakanth presented this at the Egyptian Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Atherosclerosis (EAEDA) 2014 conference at Alexandria, Egypt. This conference was help in association with Endocrine Society, USA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
New Treatments for Severe HypercholesteremiaAllina Health
By Thomas Knickelbine, MD. New medication options for people with familial hypercholesteremia and statin intolerance: how they work, effectiveness, case examples and ongoing research. "We're getting to the point where we can offer just about anyone tools or treatments that will help reduce their risk of a cardiovascular event."
Statins are highly effective LDL-c lowering agents that actually reduce clinical cardiovascular events. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol recommend high-intensity statin therapy in individuals with high cardiovascular risk as assessed by the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk calculator. However, a significant number of individuals do not tolerate or respond adequately to statins, and continue to have residual risk in spite of high intensity statin therapy.
There are some exciting developments in the field of lipidology. This decade has been labeled “The PCSK9 decade”. A new class of monoclonal antibodies directed against the PCSK9 glycoproteins appears very promising in further lowering LDL cholesterol and thereby cardiovascular risk. Evolocumab and alirucomab are novel PCSK9 inhibitors that can be given subcutaneously once or twice in a month, and have the potential to reduce LDL-cholesterol to very low levels without any major adverse effects.
Other classes of drugs like Apo-B antisense oligonucleotides (mipomersen), CETP inhibitors (especially anacetrapib), microsomal transfer protein inhibitors (lomitapide) also hold some promise. The future of lipid lowering therapy looks reassuring with these new developments.
Shashikiran Umakanth presented this at the Egyptian Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Atherosclerosis (EAEDA) 2014 conference at Alexandria, Egypt. This conference was help in association with Endocrine Society, USA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
iPCSK9 Una nueva era en riesgo cardiovascular
17 de Mayo de 2014, 17:00h
http://iPCSK9.secardiologia.es
iPCSK9 Nuevo paradigma. Dislipemia en Cardiología: ¿Cuál es el futuro?
Dr. José Luis López-Sendón Hentschel
Jefe de Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid)
Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody and it inhibits Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to reduce LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), often termed “good cholesterol”, is one of the major targets of cardiovascular risk reduction. Constant attempts have been made over the past 3 decades to increase their level in the blood in an attempt to reduce cardiovascular risk. In spite of these efforts, raising HDL-c still remains an enigma.
While several methods are known to raise HDL-c, they are not as dramatic as reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Statins, fibrates, niacin and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors are useful in increasing HDL-c. However, it was recently demonstrated that raising HDL-c using these pharmacological means did not have any significant effect on reducing clinical cardiovascular events. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on managing blood cholesterol did not give much importance to HDL-c management too.
An important question is the method with which HDL-c is tested. Is HDL-cholesterol more important or HDL lipoprotein particle number? Are HDL-based therapies dead? Are there newer ongoing techniques that raise HDL cholesterol as well as reduce cardiovascular risk?
Shashikiran Umakanth presented this at the Egyptian Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Atherosclerosis (EAEDA) 2014 conference at Alexandria, Egypt. This conference was help in association with Endocrine Society, USA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
An introduction to PCSK-9 inhibitors: a new therapeutic class of drugs approved by US FDA in July 2015 to treat Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and its superiority over gold standard statins in treatment. Does it have potential to become a blockbuster and emulate Lipitor's success?
Nueva diana hipolipemiante: terapia anti-PCSK9
02/06/2016 18:30h Casa del Corazón, Madrid
http://antipcsk9.secardiologia.es
#antiPCSK9
Resultados de la inhibición de PCSK9: superando los límites
Dr. José Luis Zamorano Gómez, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Madrid)
@cardioXXI
iPCSK9 Una nueva era en riesgo cardiovascular
17 de Mayo de 2014, 17:00h
http://iPCSK9.secardiologia.es
iPCSK9 Nuevo paradigma. Dislipemia en Cardiología: ¿Cuál es el futuro?
Dr. José Luis López-Sendón Hentschel
Jefe de Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid)
Evolocumab is a monoclonal antibody and it inhibits Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to reduce LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream.
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), often termed “good cholesterol”, is one of the major targets of cardiovascular risk reduction. Constant attempts have been made over the past 3 decades to increase their level in the blood in an attempt to reduce cardiovascular risk. In spite of these efforts, raising HDL-c still remains an enigma.
While several methods are known to raise HDL-c, they are not as dramatic as reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Statins, fibrates, niacin and cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors are useful in increasing HDL-c. However, it was recently demonstrated that raising HDL-c using these pharmacological means did not have any significant effect on reducing clinical cardiovascular events. The 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines on managing blood cholesterol did not give much importance to HDL-c management too.
An important question is the method with which HDL-c is tested. Is HDL-cholesterol more important or HDL lipoprotein particle number? Are HDL-based therapies dead? Are there newer ongoing techniques that raise HDL cholesterol as well as reduce cardiovascular risk?
Shashikiran Umakanth presented this at the Egyptian Association of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Atherosclerosis (EAEDA) 2014 conference at Alexandria, Egypt. This conference was help in association with Endocrine Society, USA and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD).
An introduction to PCSK-9 inhibitors: a new therapeutic class of drugs approved by US FDA in July 2015 to treat Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and its superiority over gold standard statins in treatment. Does it have potential to become a blockbuster and emulate Lipitor's success?
Nueva diana hipolipemiante: terapia anti-PCSK9
02/06/2016 18:30h Casa del Corazón, Madrid
http://antipcsk9.secardiologia.es
#antiPCSK9
Resultados de la inhibición de PCSK9: superando los límites
Dr. José Luis Zamorano Gómez, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Madrid)
@cardioXXI
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS FOR PCSK9VIKAS REDDY
The new drugs, called PCSK9 inhibitors, are monoclonal antibodies. They target and inactivate a specific protein in the liver. Knocking out this protein, called proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9, dramatically reduces the amount of harmful LDL cholesterol circulating in the bloodstream. Lower LDL translates into healthier arteries and fewer heart attacks, strokes, and other problems related to cholesterol-clogged arteries.
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
Dyslipidemia and CVS by Mohit Soni and Chandan KumarOlgaGoryacheva4
My students Mohit Soni and Chandan Kumar had presented this topic in our 22nd Student Scientific Society Conference in the department of Propaedeutic of Internal Diseases No.2
Current Controversies in Dyslipidemia Management:magdy elmasry
LDL-C Goals Keep it Simple : Start the Statin or Not ?
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to
Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults
The guideline
identifies high- and moderate-intensity statin therapy for use in primary and secondary prevention
Total Cardiovascular Risk Estimation
Recommendations for treatment targets for LDL-C
ESC 2016 Risk Categories & LDL Goal
J. cleveland destinatin lvad therapy are we there yetAlysia Smith
Dr. Joesph Cleveland, MD presents "Destination LVAD Therapy-Are We There Yet" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
Erick Carlson, MD presents "Exercise and the Heart" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
K. thanavaro the indications and uses of the novel anticoagulantsAlysia Smith
Dr. Kristin Thanavaro, MD presents on "The Indications and Uses of the Novel Anticoagulants" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
M. glatterer mtn. rescue and wilderness medicineAlysia Smith
Dr. Milton Glatterer, MD, FAWM presents on "Mtn. Rescue and Wilderness Medicine" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
Dr. Preetham Reddy, MD, FACC presents on "Outpatient HF Management" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
Dr. John Frederik presents "CTSA Summit TAVR" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
B. kim current cabg strategies and hybrid proceduresAlysia Smith
Betty S. Kim, MD, FACS presents on "Current CABG Strategies and Hybrid Procedures" for the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
S. mehta peripheral vascular disease and interventionAlysia Smith
Sam Mehta, MD presenting on " Peripheral Arterial Disease Diagnosis and Management" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa
Dr. Warren Johnson presenting on " How High Altitude Effects Us" at the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa
L box contemporary non-invasive cardiology testingAlysia Smith
Presentation by Lyndon C. Box, MD, FSCAI for the March 4 -6, 2016 Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery Associates, Cardiovascular Summit at The Westin Riverfront Resort and Spa.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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3. Current Treatment Guidelines
Clinical ASCVD
High intensity statin unless >
75 years old or intolerant
LDL > 190 mg/dL
High intensity statin unless
intolerant
DM 1 or 2 and age 40-75
High intensity statin unless 10
year ASCVD < 7.5 %
ASCVD 10 y risk > 7.5 % and
age 40-75
Moderate to high intensity
statin
4. 2013 ACC/AHA Guidelines for Cardiovascular
Risk Reduction
High intensity statins and the importance of the LDLC percent
reduction
The role of non-statin therapies and their failure to add incremental
reduction in MACE, in patient’s treated with optimal doses of statins
Lifestyle, Lifestyle, Lifestyle….
The cornerstone of risk reduction, but oh so difficult to achieve in Southern
Colorado
5. High Intensity Statin Therapy
% LDLC reduction is paramount
Highly variable in individual patients with respect to LDLC,
apolipoprotein B, and non-HDLC reduction
30-50% LDLC reduction = 39% RRR CV events
> 50% LDLC reduction = 59% RRR CV events
Guideline recommendations
Rosuvastatin 40 mg daily OR Atorvastatin 40 or 80 mg daily
6. Non-Statin Therapies
BAS
Niacin
Fibrates
Ezetinibe
CTEP Inhibitors
• Lack of data to support
meaningful risk reduction in
patients on optimal statin
therapy (IMPROVE-IT ?)
• Early trials have minor signals
of clinical benefit in ASCVD
patients not on statins
• CTEP Inhibitors – ¾ Phase III
clinical trials showed NO
BENEFIT or INCREASED
MORTALITY.
7. PCSK 9 Inhibitors
(Proprotein Convertase Subtillisin/kexin type 9)
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Alivocumab (Praluent) and Evolocumab (Repatha)
Development
Mechanism of Action
Efficacy
Clinical Trial Data to Date
Questions that remain
14. Phase 3 Program to Support LDL-C
Reduction in Targeted Populations
High CV Risk Patients
Patients not at LDL-C goal with currently available LLT (even
high doses of potent statins) = >persistent risk
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
LDL-C levels often far from goal, even with potent statins and
combination Tx
Life-long exposure to high LDL-C; considered high risk even w/o
additional risk factors
Statin Intolerant Patients
LDL-C levels often far from goal, due to intolerance
Definition: unable to tolerate at least 2 statins, including one at
the lowest dose
15. Overview of ODYSSEY Phase 3 clinical trial program
ODYSSEYALTERNATIVE(CL1119) N=250
Patients with defined statin intolerance
LDL- ORLDL-
6 months
ODYSSEYOPTIONSI (CL1110) N=350
Patients not at goal on moderate dose atorvastatin
LDL- -
6 months
ODYSSEYFHII (CL1112) N=250
LDL- -
18 months
ODYSSEYHIGHFH(EFC12732) N=105
LDL-
18 months
12 global phase 3 trials
Including more than 23,500 patients across more than 2,000 study centers
HeFH population HC in high CV risk population Additional populations
ODYSSEYFHI (EFC12492) N=471
LDL- -
18 months
ODYSSEYLONGTERM (LTS11717) N=2,100
LDL-
18 months
ODYSSEYCOMBOI (EFC11568) N=306
LDL- -
12 months
ODYSSEYMONO(EFC11716) N=100
Patients on no background LMTs
LDL-
6 months
ODYSSEYOPTIONSII (CL1118) N=300
Patients not at goal on moderate dose rosuvastatin
LDL- -
6 months
ODYSSEYOUTCOMES(EFC11570) N=18,000
LDL-
Add-onto maxtoleratedstatin
(± other LMT)
Add-on tomaxtoleratedstatin
(± other LMT)
*ODYSSEYCOMBOII (EFC11569) N=660
LDL- -
24 months
HC = hypercholesterolemia; LMT = lipid-modifying therapy *For the ODYSSEY COMBO II other LMT not allowed at entry
ODYSSEYCHOICEI (CL1308) N=700
LDL- -
12 months
16. 99
HeFH
Phase 3
(N = 300)5
Combo-
therapy
Phase 3
(N = 1,700)5
HoFH
Phase 3
(N = 125)5
Mono-
therapy
Phase 3
(N = 600)5
Phase 3
(N = 22,500)5
Secondary
Prevention
Phase 3
(N = 950)5Athero
PROFICIO
Program to Reduce LDL-C and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Following Inhibition of PCSK9 In Different Populations
1. Giugliano RP, et al. Lancet. 2012;380:2007-2017. 2. Koren MJ, et al. Lancet. 2012;380:1995-2006. 3. Sullivan D, et al. JAMA. 2012;308:2497-2506.
4. Raal F, et al. Circulation. 2012;126:2408-2417. 5. Clinical Trials.gov. Available at: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Accessed Oct. 2, 2013.
6. Data on file, Amgen; [AMG 145 Protocol 20120332].
Open-label
Extension
Phase 3
(N ~ 3,515)5
Non-Commercial Class D Materials for Investigator Communications. Not for Reproduction or Distribution
Phase 3
(N = 300)5
Statin-
intolerant
Long-term
safety and
efficacy
Phase 3
(N = 905)5
*Subjects completed a qualifying Phase 2 study. Subjects completed a qualifying Phase 3 study.
17. 10
SPIREPhase 3 Bococizumab Clinical Development Program:
DesignedtoAddressUnmet Needsinthe Management of CVDin
HighRiskPatients
SPIRE(Studiesof PCSK9 Inhibition and
the Reduction of Vascular Events) N=~30,000
SPIREHR(n=300)
On statin
High risk of CV event
LDL-
SPIRELDL(n=1,932)
On statin
High risk of CV event
LDL-
SPIREFH(n=300)
HeFH (genetic diagnosis or
Simon Broome Criteria),
LDL >70 mg/dL
SPIRELipidLoweringStudies SPIRECVOutcome Studies
SPIRELL(n=690)
On statin
High / very high risk of
CV event
LDL-
SPIRESI (n=150)
Statin intolerant
LDL-
SPIRE-1 (n=17,000)
High Risk Primary and
Secondary Prevention
LDL-
on statins (or statin
intolerant)
SPIRE-2 (n=9,000)
High Risk Primary and
Secondary Prevention
LDL-
statins (or statin intolerant)
NCT#: https://clinicaltrials.gov
SPIRE HR: NCT01968954
SPIRE LDL: NCT01968967
SPIRE HF: NCT01968980
SPIRE-LL: NCT02100514
SPIRE-SI: NCT02135029
SPIRE-1: NCT01975376
SPIRE-2: NCT01975389
Studieson PCSK9Inhibition and the
Reduction of Vascular Events
18. Recommended Use of PCSK9I’s
Based on current guidelines, available evidence, and
economic considerations:
Patients with FH or ASCVD and statin resistance (on max
dose) for additional LDL lowering is a reasonable strategy.
Discuss with patient costs vs uncertain clinical benefit
In FH patients to avoid apheresis
Consider in statin intolerant patients
19. Case Studies
51 y/o female with MI age 39, stents, IDCM (EF 30%)
and RA. Intolerant to Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin and
Simvastatin. LDL-C 203 mg/dl Lp(a) 450.
Counseled and stared on Alirocumab
20. Case Studies
69 y//o female with MVCAD/LMCAD with CABG x 3,
& RCA stent. Intolerant to all statins except
pravastatin 40 mg. Intolerant to Niacin and Zetia.
LDL-C currently 85 mg/dl and Lp(a) 290.
Counseled and started on Praluent
21. Non-Medical Issues
Cost ~ $1,000/month
Requires insurance preauthorization
Both pharmaceutical companies (Sanofi and Amgen)
have robust bridge programs and patient support.