This document summarizes the views of key domestic stakeholders on climate change:
1) Business groups like agriculture and automotive industries now support climate policies, while chemical and utility companies prefer voluntary programs.
2) Environmental NGOs believe scientific findings demand international action, like ratifying Kyoto. Other groups advocate renewable energy and efficiency.
3) Some state and local governments have enacted emissions reduction programs, using market-based mechanisms. Religious organizations stress moral responsibility to address climate change.
The largest association of meteorologists and climate scientists issued a fresh statement on the scientific evidence for human-driven climate change and possible impacts. This is an update from the 2007 statement that can be found here: http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2007climatechange.html
More on climate change on Dot Earth:
http://j.mp/dotBasic http://j.mp/dotBasics
using EdGCM (educational global climate modelling) to do climate modelling from the period of 1958 to 2100.
also talk about the impact of climate change with respect to south east asia.
Raymond Desjardins - Impacto de la agricultura sobre el cambio climáticoFundación Ramón Areces
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
The year 2014 tied with 2010 as the warmest year on record for the last century. The melting of Greenland, mountain glaciers, and thermal expansion is raising sea levels four times faster than in 1900. Sea level rises of 2 to 6 feet are predicted by the end of the century. Flood highs from hurricanes Sandy and Katrina were ~ 10 feet.
The article “Treading Water” in the February 2015 "National Geographic" tells how Dutch Docklands LLC sees profit not loss from rising sea levels. They are building floating homes in Miami, FL. A floating classroom could assure ASPEC’s long-term future. It would provide a place to meet in the event of flooding by the 10-foot ocean surges that accompany hurricanes.
Dr. Carr describes how increasing greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, trap the radiation that is warming our planet. Advances in non-carbon emitting energy sources can reduce global warming. Solar PV panels are now generating electricity at $0.07/kWhr, less than the national utility average of $0.12kWhr. Rising sea levels are a better measure of global warming than atmospheric temperature, as 90% of our planet’s heat content is in our oceans.
You can learn more at www.RiskyBusiness.org.
Arctic Climate Feedbacks: Global ImplicationsOpen Knowledge
According to the WWF report "Arctic Climate Feedbacks: Global Implications", the consequences of a warming Arctic are far worse than previous projections.
Presentation by David Bromwich, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences Program of the Department of Geography at The Ohio State University for The Risk Institute's Executive Education Series, "Weather Disruption and Risk Management" at The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business.
IPCC 2013 report on Climate Change - The Physical BasisGreenFacts
"Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis" is a comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change, which puts a focus on the elements that are relevant to understand past, document current, and project future climate change.
The report covers observations of changes in all components of the climate system and assess the current knowledge of various processes of the climate system.
Direct global-scale instrumental observation of the climate began in the middle of the 19th century, and reconstruction of the climate using proxies such as tree rings or the content of sediment layers extends the record much further in the past.
The present assessment uses a new set of new scenarios to explore the future impacts of climate change under a range of different possible emission pathways.
Since taking office, President Obama has taken historic steps to lay the foundation for the innovation economy of the future. The Obama Innovation Strategy builds on well over $100 billion of Recovery Act funds that support innovation, additional support for education, infrastructure and others in the Recovery Act and the President’s Budget, and novel regulatory and executive order initiatives. It seeks to harness the inherent ingenuity of the American people and a dynamic private sector to ensure that the next expansion is more solid, broad-based, and beneficial than previous ones. It focuses on critical areas where sensible, balanced government policies can lay the foundation for innovation that leads to quality jobs and shared prosperity.
The largest association of meteorologists and climate scientists issued a fresh statement on the scientific evidence for human-driven climate change and possible impacts. This is an update from the 2007 statement that can be found here: http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2007climatechange.html
More on climate change on Dot Earth:
http://j.mp/dotBasic http://j.mp/dotBasics
using EdGCM (educational global climate modelling) to do climate modelling from the period of 1958 to 2100.
also talk about the impact of climate change with respect to south east asia.
Raymond Desjardins - Impacto de la agricultura sobre el cambio climáticoFundación Ramón Areces
Los días 20 y 21 de mayo de 2014, la Fundación Ramón Areces organizó el Simposio Internacional 'Microorganismos beneficiosos para la agricultura y la protección de la biosfera' dentro de su programa de Ciencias de la Vida y de la Materia.
The year 2014 tied with 2010 as the warmest year on record for the last century. The melting of Greenland, mountain glaciers, and thermal expansion is raising sea levels four times faster than in 1900. Sea level rises of 2 to 6 feet are predicted by the end of the century. Flood highs from hurricanes Sandy and Katrina were ~ 10 feet.
The article “Treading Water” in the February 2015 "National Geographic" tells how Dutch Docklands LLC sees profit not loss from rising sea levels. They are building floating homes in Miami, FL. A floating classroom could assure ASPEC’s long-term future. It would provide a place to meet in the event of flooding by the 10-foot ocean surges that accompany hurricanes.
Dr. Carr describes how increasing greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, trap the radiation that is warming our planet. Advances in non-carbon emitting energy sources can reduce global warming. Solar PV panels are now generating electricity at $0.07/kWhr, less than the national utility average of $0.12kWhr. Rising sea levels are a better measure of global warming than atmospheric temperature, as 90% of our planet’s heat content is in our oceans.
You can learn more at www.RiskyBusiness.org.
Arctic Climate Feedbacks: Global ImplicationsOpen Knowledge
According to the WWF report "Arctic Climate Feedbacks: Global Implications", the consequences of a warming Arctic are far worse than previous projections.
Presentation by David Bromwich, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences Program of the Department of Geography at The Ohio State University for The Risk Institute's Executive Education Series, "Weather Disruption and Risk Management" at The Ohio State University Fisher College of Business.
IPCC 2013 report on Climate Change - The Physical BasisGreenFacts
"Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis" is a comprehensive assessment of the physical aspects of climate change, which puts a focus on the elements that are relevant to understand past, document current, and project future climate change.
The report covers observations of changes in all components of the climate system and assess the current knowledge of various processes of the climate system.
Direct global-scale instrumental observation of the climate began in the middle of the 19th century, and reconstruction of the climate using proxies such as tree rings or the content of sediment layers extends the record much further in the past.
The present assessment uses a new set of new scenarios to explore the future impacts of climate change under a range of different possible emission pathways.
Since taking office, President Obama has taken historic steps to lay the foundation for the innovation economy of the future. The Obama Innovation Strategy builds on well over $100 billion of Recovery Act funds that support innovation, additional support for education, infrastructure and others in the Recovery Act and the President’s Budget, and novel regulatory and executive order initiatives. It seeks to harness the inherent ingenuity of the American people and a dynamic private sector to ensure that the next expansion is more solid, broad-based, and beneficial than previous ones. It focuses on critical areas where sensible, balanced government policies can lay the foundation for innovation that leads to quality jobs and shared prosperity.
Climate Change Paper - CO2 or Crop Irrigation?Keith_Shotbolt
Describes all important observations of climate change and assesses the possible effects of increased CO2, human activity energy consumption, and large-scale crop irrigation.
Hello I am presenting before you a presentation on global warming which includes the mechanism of it and even the detailed information about how they occur due to different GHG. Hope it will be helpful to the students in understanding the global warming.
Thank You,
Tirthankar Majumder
MTech
Dept. of earth and environmental science
NIT- Durgapur
FIGURE 4-1 Atmospheric temperature structure EXERCISE 2- CONTROLS OF T.pdfStevenR9yGrayu
FIGURE 4.1 Atmospheric temperature structure EXERCISE 2: CONTROLS OF
TEMPERATURE Temperatures vary greatly from place to place and time to time. The seasonal
and daily temperature variations are due to the variations in radiation receipt that we have
already examined. Here we will examine the primary causes for the spatial patterns of
temperature that exist across the world. Specifically, we will look at each of the four major
controls of temperature patterns: latitude, the differential heating and cooling of land and water,
ocean currents, and elevation. A: Latitude Latitude is the most important factor affecting the
overall pattern of global temperatures. Latitude is such a major control of temperature because it
is the primary determinant of the amount of solar radiation received by a location. As we saw in
Laboratories 2 and 3, the amount of radiation received is greatest in the low latitudes and least in
the high latitudes. 40 introduction to Westher and Climate Lab Manual (A-1) Why is more solar
radiation received for the year as a whole in the low latitudes than in the high latirudes? (A-2)
Where does the receipt of solar radiation differ the most between summer and winter, in the low
latitudes or in the high latitudes? Explain. (A-3) The temperature graphs below are for locations
that are similar in terms of the other tempemature controls that we will discuss shorth. However,
one of the graphs is for a low latitude location, one is for a middle latitude location, and one is
for a high latitude location. Which of the graphs is for a low latitude location? Which one is for a
middle latitude location? Bricfly explain. Note: On these and subsequent graphs, J and D stand
for January and December, respectively. B: Differential Heating/Cooling of Land and Water
Another major control of global temperature patterns is the differential heating and cooling of
land and water surfaces. Water surfaces both heat up and cool down more slowly than do land
surfaces at a similar latitude. As a result, water surfaces have a moderating effect on air
temperatures (as the air is heated and cooled primarily by its underlying surface), Before we
examine the influence of this differential heating and cooling on temperature patterns, we should
look more closely at the reasons why these differences in heating and cooling exist. The five
factors listed below affect the different rates of either heating, cooling, or both heating and
cooling of land and water surfaces. a. Transmissivity: Land surfaces are opaque and therefore
absorb radiation only at the surface; water is somewhat transparent and therefore absorbs
radiation throughout a depth, and the resulting surface heating of water is less than that of the
land. b. Mixing: Land is solid and basically stationary, and water is a fluid and mixes freely; this
mixing of upper heated water with lower cooler water reduces the rate of heating during the the
rate of cooling during the fall and winter. c. Evaporation: As.
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
On January 12, 2016, President Obama delivered his final State of the Union address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
Learn more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama penned a letter to Congressman Nadler of New York outlining how the Iran deal is a key piece of our strategy to help our allies in the Middle East counter Iran's destabilizing activities.
Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865). "Nicolay Copy," Gettysburg Address, 1863. Page 1 and 2. Holograph manuscript. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Gift of Hay family, 1916 (2.5). Courtesy of the National Archives and Library of Congress.
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsObama White House
This is the President's message commemorating the establishment of the White House Fellows, a prestigious program dedicated to giving the nation’s most promising leaders insight into the inner workings of the Federal government. To learn more visit: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/fellows.
The minimum wage helps support family incomes, reducing inequality and poverty, but as a slide deck from the Council of Economic Advisers shows, as the real value of the minimum wage has been allowed to erode, it has stopped serving this important purpose.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics PosterObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
On January 28, President Obama delivered the 2014 State of the Union Address to Congress and the nation.
Check out the slides from the enhanced broadcast of his address, featuring charts, graphs, and images that help explain the policies and issues he discussed.
See more at WhiteHouse.gov/SOTU.
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressObama White House
150 years after President Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address, President Obama penned a handwritten tribute to President Lincoln's historic remarks.
President Obama believes we have a moral obligation to lead the fight against carbon pollution. Share the details of his plan to help make sure people in your community get the facts.
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceObama White House
The President’s plan to protect our children and our communities by reducing gun violence.
Learn More: http://www.whitehouse.gov/issues/preventing-gun-violence
President Obama is calling on Congress to make sure that taxes don’t go up on 98 percent of American families next year, as they are scheduled to do January 1, 2013. Learn more about his plan in this new infographic.
The Obama Administration recognizes that the interconnected challenges in high-poverty neighborhoods require interconnected solutions. The Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative is a community-based approach to help neighborhoods in distress transform themselves into neighborhoods of opportunity.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
1. * a' .aiwll;: ~~~~~~~~~;c(Pn~~~NO.175 P.2/10
_1491kr~ Krieger.Jmckie( epamall~eeptgov
< ~~O" ~04/0912001 05:25 4 PM
Record Type: Record
To: John M. BridgelandI0OPD/EO
cc: Melissa MCKuIIhItOPD/EOP GibsonV%aolcom..John BeaieWrpA~a-gov, John L Howard Jr.ICEQ/Eop
Subject- Draft Materials an Climate C ange
John - I am forwarding to you draft Taterlels on clilmate change. Tom
Gibson and John Beale have revie ad these do umnts. They include:
-a 2-page summary of the findingo Dr. Jame Hansen
--a 2-page summery of the positi svews of ley domestic stakeholders
a summary of congressional ac ity. There awe two files; the first
--
('Congressional ActiviW') is a sum ayof activity sin the 107th Congress;
the second (Congressional Activity !")ncludes a iiummary of some
agriculture-related climate bills frot the I105th Congress that haven't (to
the best of our knowledge) been in, oduced in the 107th (yet) - we can
reconcile the two documents if ike -- just let 4ne know. We have also
you
shared this information with the Ste Department.
(See attached file: Hansen~doc) (See attached file:
staketicldero4oa.wpd) (See atte ed file: Congi t eslonal Actvitymwpd)
(S~ee attached file: Congressional AdUvlty 2.wpd)
P.S. We sent this afternoon appro; 15 various" urre maps" of ghg
emissions to Richard Russell at OS P.
I-Hasn-o
I saeh er49.p
It Con:ress anal Activity.wpd
Cnrssonal Activity 2wpI
2. N. 7 P.3/1e(
JUSEN0O.0175:2P
Snmmay of Dr. James Hansen's Findings
of the amount of energy
* Climate and temperature ii earth are dtenniined by the balance various processes-
through
coming in from the sun a d the amioulevn the planet
over time, the balance fA Lmates, adisreuts in a natural variation in climate and
temperature-
to shift are said to "force" a
• Events or processes that ;ause this overl energy balance
conditions. A change
change in climate - and iscan be towrswarmer or cooler represents a "positive"
that causes more energy accumulat thnleaves the earth
forcing, or Warfltflg
in the sun's brightness, which
* Examples of such climat "fattring" incud:1) a change
volcanic emuption, which can
could increase of decrea. the energy recing earth 2) a reflect sunlight back
blanket the g-lobe with sr all "white" particles - these particles and cooler
surface,
into space, shifting the bh lance to less energy at the earth
which impedes the process
conditions - a "negative 'orcing"; 3) an increase in C02, wanner conditions.
by which the earth cool sitself, leading to a "forcing' towards
* There can be a delay of) ars to decades between a "forcing" event and an observed
change in climate. This is because itk~akcs a long time to change the temperature of
rie
* the oceans, During the l ay, the earth is warming, but there is mruch less apparent
in the air temperature we encounter,
The ReadvILIRLmagt2 aCO VS. ojct er Greenhou'se Gases-and-Particles
C~z
earth's energy balanice (climate
* Hansen presents estimatt of the relative effect on the
important substance for
forcing) of avariety ofs stances. Wlhile the single most gases (methane, CFC's,
warming is C02, the corme effectjof the other greenhouse
tropospheric ozone, and rosoxid is lager than CO 2.
is not a greenhouse gas, but
a The second most impom t warming rantributor, however, warmilag the
black carbon particles (st ot). Black carbon absorbs sunlight.
atmosphere.
opposite effect, that is they cool
• Other fine particles, nota ly sulfates in nitrates, have the
cooling ("negative forcing")
the earth by reflecting S aighit back inito space. The net
by these substances is un er~in, but substantial.
diating heat from the earth's surface buck inte
The main such proces for coolit the earth is s
ral
bih int sp
ark ciiih reduces Urn amount of men
space. Cloudts and water bodiesa tually reflect
energy that stays with the ppanet-
3. ~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~NO.
175 F-.47111
3:28PM
4 L~NSEpRp.2001W: * --
climate between 1950
*Hansen sums up the ef falo hs substances in mo~dclikg these calculations,
on
and 2000. The results consistent with obscrattioflS. Based
least another half degree C temperature
Hansen estimates that w cnexpectat and particles.
increase from current Io ng of gass
Pllt
Pol n iaim: Nc o Limton th eadCoeiiflI
(no new climate controls) as
* Hansen forecasts the res ts of a "buse5 as usual' scenario
2050 and "several degrees" by 2100.
resulting itt an additiona increase of I s C by
increase by
* Healsoexainesan "l a". senaro'that would cut the ternperaturl
4 The comPonnso hs taeyae
2050 in half compared tc business as snal.
araesfor the next Sayears. This
Would
to recent
3Limit the gro tiz in COz en lissions but would not fxeze or roll back
require actiVC MeaUr S. e.g. cntPconservationl,
C0z to e.g, 1990 Iree
today are fully acbieved within
Reduce meti ie. Reductins in methane taken
Holding methae at 1990 levels offers
about a decade, imuch auicker ta far co. to that level
CO-
thesa3mCbenefits in250 as holdin
reduction aepsible for methane,
AsHnen notes, bstantial cost-effectivC save
coal i-ines. Many of these technologies
for sources such as p celime leaks and
energy and inlcrease oductivity.
scale, ozone
Stop growth i trpoph ozone and black carbon. On a global
>
pre~industrial times. Therefote, reductions
levels arc about 2 to times hihrthan (NO40,02
al scale reductions of nitrogen oxides
on this scale appear fe sible. 014 strategies.
methane and other hy rocarbon woletemain
ete combustion of fossil fuels,
-- The principal sow es of blac cabnaejnosc as wildfires and a~gricultuin
'nas"burning
such as diesels and ca] and "b sourcesaX
1
and poorly contrlol
world are reducing ozone and
-- Current and plar d progrmsin the developed
countre wud greatly improvehua
particles. Similar an ns by deelopingi The climate benefits are partially offset by
health locally and slo climate change. reductions.
pcrticle
the reduced cooling IIn "whitcP
overncaein
and air pollution controls would be
The irmediate benefits( the methne at some point in the future,
time by the continued p vi in CO Hansen stresses that
2
the growth in CO will bhc to be rvsed.
2
is aet itself a rewbnduse gass,
Ozone is ELgrecnboe gaS. he O crzed under air pollution prografIs
4. lNU. 1i' .ti
JUN SP.2.201,:L3:2S8FM
Vie of Key Domstc stakeholders
Dus~inesS and ~IudustrY
inl
skeptical of agriculture and forestry optionis
* Agriulture- Thefrarm Iurean, initially
the Kyoto Protocol, is no supportive
hrcarbon scquestraitiacpoet i epDCt
interest from the farm co uiy
the Kyoto Protocol, Ford, GM, and
DaimlerClIXysler
* Automotive - While op sad to or 2004
announced produe nTln hybrid gas and electric vehiclecs in 2003
Io
have auto
such vehicles). All three major U.S.
(H4onda and Toyota have Iedpruced SUVs by at least
nraCthe fuel economy of their
manufactuirers have also logdt hAmrcnCeiaCocl
25% by 2005.Prtcl mrcnCeia oni
* Chemical - While app e oteKooPoooth improve energy efficiency and to
supports voluntary progr snacisbymembers
reduce greenhouse gas ioS
owned
h largest association of shareholder
Utilities - The Edison lectrie nttue
gae in Climate Challenge, a voluntary
*
electric pwromaleis actively]
emnissions. FMt has opposed the
partnerhpwt O oreduction ogrehuse gas developing
amt h US economy and excludes
Kyoto Protocol because would do
proponent of flexibility mechanismns.
countries - but has also cen a laIn in EPA's voluntary programs such as
* Over 7,000 organizato is are parti, patling
Energy Star. Shell - have
D aimlierChrysler, B? Amoco, Sunoco,
* Several major corporati s - Ford, to international
61toalitlofl, a lobbying Soup opposed
withdrawn from the Gbio al Climnate organizations (e-g., the Pew Center on
actionon climat~echange Somnehave joined advocate
Council for Sustainable Energy) that
Global Climate Change~ d the Businless change.I
comprebemsive policies t iaddress climate
goals to reduce 0GH and energy emissions:
* Examples of companies, iit corpor9t 1990 levels by 2010.
- BP Amoco: redtuce gr
-nhouse gas emission! to 10% below
levels by 2002.
- Shell: reduce greenho
se gas eisions toIO% below 1990
u eby 20% pruiof production by 2005.
- Dow:, reduce energy
levels by 2010, and use
- DuPont: reduce gre ouegseisos65%/below 1990
renewable resources in I fisgoa energy use by the same year.
use 25% below 1997 levels by 2007,
- United TccbnologiC:educ ee. and water
based on sales-weighted mssions. 201 0.
emissions Io0% below '95 levels by
-World Semiconductor ouncil: rediuce PlC
NGOs. Trade Asso0ciations
and
Roads
(eg.. Greening Earth SocietyCooler
Several consurrcYrand pcicy NGOs they perceive as
are concerned about the use ofwhai
a
Coalition, Global Climat Coalition policy decisions. Genrtemly, they are
inconclusive climate sci ice as a ba s for making
gases and/or U.S. ratification of Kyoto,
opposed to regulation of crenhouse
sientific findings such as those of the
* Environmenetal groups bt ieve that international
Change (IPCC) demand a concerted
intergovernmeniftal Panel )n Climat
5. ./l
JUNSEP.20.20e13;L 3:29PMN.15
GreenPeacc#
talwithgte
respnseto ous-gS ¶issiOfls. These groups (including
favor KyatO ratificationl and the
Sierran Club dandit World e rc nt~t)generally
geenhouse gane5
of Siecea
odm deprograms to regulato
he
implementation o lmt~htCsinea
ofcenin
A numer talions prorat ongoing assessmnent arganlizations do not
These
negotiatiOns.
wel aube U.S enaeetnitrclI? the use of energy
neesall a s Upportn ra intern othKyoPrtocob. but rather
ies.Suc
alternative trenewable sources and teficint echnaonlog
enrg
conservation, Globa ClimateCaeanthiteniolCime
groups include the Pew etron
Change partnership.
cmpie
State and Lqcal Gove~rumnef
aspnstrdue greenhouse gasemsinnvtoe. a
a To date, thirty-fivChave it haveom
states
t~iatcd state-ae cinpast euegenos
TWenry-SiX States
reductions. For example. NJ
Someistates arsing rn; ket-based mrechanirms to achieve
naGH radingsfr e
teu
has established a 3.5% s1 ftwide reducongaadiswrn o e
OR. and MIA have carbon Offset rqieet
agreeflent with The Net] erlands; need.
poe o %of its total electricity
power plants; PA is Purc aging green
Reli~iOU-S -CoqMAAuft
Conference,
The Naional Rligious eIhi frthe Environmenft (U.S. Catholic
a olto
National Council of Cl isof CrSt, Evangelical EnvirnetlNtok religious and
believes that it is every citizen's moral
on Environment and Je shLife) to -protectthc health and habitat of
the
responsibility to be stew ds of God'; creation and h ceceo lmt
global warming.
global environmlent aga tthe threa, s of jfCCoclae
Stewardship questionsth
The Interfaith Council fbEnvironmen~tal than global Warming.
adpoverty are mate critical
change and believes that ickness initiatives in at least Is States to
The Interfaith Global W2 jug Campaign has local
reduce climate change'i pacts,
whieb oversee more than $100 billion
The Interfaith Center on orporate- Responsibibity,
in energy efficiency to profitably
reduce
in pension funds, Urges C ipOratiOns to invest
global warming emissio- program.
joinied EPA's voluntary Energy Star
*Over 470 congregations I ve
against the Kyoto Protocol. The
* Several labor organizatio is have tae positions treaty because of concernis related
to
AFL-CIO adopted a reso ition in Is997 opposing this Within the AFL-CIO.
its econoUCimptca ack of developing country participation,. ID January, the
the UnitedMieWr have beer~ the most active organization. the Kyoto
ors adopted a resolution opposing
international Brotherhoo of Teams of a comprehensive energy strategy
to
Protocol, calling instead 'or the dev -lopflint
ensure an adequate U.S.ney supply.
6. NO. 175 H.fC/fl
20 . 20 0 1i 3: 29fl
jULN.SEp.
Recent Proposed Legislation
Harkn
3260Conservaton ecurity Act f200 Smith ,Johnson,KfertY.
Dasehie, Leahy)
-R. ~ 55 ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~(Blacci, Berry.
Boehiert, Clayton,
ooksey, Edwards, Parr,
Hill, Hooley, Kind,
'etue ersonO Pom~'y,
hue 3Bereter. Bishop,
B5oswSel. Condit,
elahunt, Emerson,
utknecht, Hinchey.
Kaptur, Oberstar,
A wyq-~
IPhel sL.Sawor, V
o amen the
cals I ~security~ Act Of 1985 to establish the conserainscrt
7. NO. 175 P. blilo
JIJN-SEP. 20. 2002:'. 3:29PM
ome"sio Corb, 10,20
Of2000
IA:t2ooo
Food S enroll land
seques )n progr2rn
a P grant
rental p jent may not exceed $20 per acre and the SecretarY WaY mainta'm
million acres Of I n The United States in a carbon seque&ation prograrn at anY 1 time
106 the calend TA-gricultural Best 5 14,1
Grams,
Act
and T 0
als: ame N AgricUlt to improve and
e use,al and resear into best pra
AgricUltw 11 Best es Research: $5 million
Rernote S rising T $5 million
TOTAL P-12