SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 13
Download to read offline
Page 1 of 13

 RECORD TYPE: FEDERAL     (NOTES MAIL)               ALI       7
 CREATOR:Richard Seibert <rseibert~annctr.org> ( Richard Seibert <rseibert~annctr.org

 CREATION DATB/TIME:30-MAY-2003 11:02:1!.00

 SUBJECT: : 20th Century Climate Not So   aot
 TO:kbailey~ceq.eop.gov ( kbailey~ceg.ecp.gav        UNKNOWN
 READ: UNKNOWN

 TO:dfiffelke~ceq.eop~gov ( dfiffelke~c qeop.gov [ UNKNOWN I
 READ :UNKNOWN

 TO:Phil Cooney ( CN=Phil Caoney/OU=CEQ/ =EOP@EOP [ CEQ
 READ :UNKNOWN

 TO:Elizabeth A. Stolpe   ( CN=Elizabeth A. Stolpe/OU=CEQ/O=EOP@EOP[ CEQ
 READ :UNKNOWN

 TO:vastephens~ceq.eop.gov ( vastephens@ eq.eop.gov[ UNKNOWN
 READ 'UNKNOWN

TEXT:
Harvard-Smnithsonian Center for Astraphy ics
Press Release

   <http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/>
<http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu,'newtap/sear h.html>
<http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/newtop/cfah lp.html>

Release No. : 03-10
For Release: March 31, 2003

20th Century Climate Nat So flat

 Cambridge, MA - A review of mare than 200 climate studies led by
 researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has
 determined that the 20th century is nei her the warmest century nor the
 century with the most extreme weather af the past 1000 years. The review
 also confirmed that the medieval Warm P niod of 800 to 1300 A.D. and
                                                                      the
 Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited
 to the European and North American continents. While 20th century
 temperatures are much higher than in thE Little Ice Age period, many
parts of the world show the medieval wa mth to be greater than that of
 the 20th century.
Smithsonian astronomers Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, with co-authors
Craig Idso and Sherwood Idso (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide
                                                                      and
Global Change) and David Legates (Center for Climatic Research,
University of Delaware), compiled and e amined results from more than
240 research papers published by thousands of researchers aver the past
four decades. Their report, covering a multitude of geophysical and
biological climate indicators, provides a detailed look at climate
changes that occurred in different regi ns around the world over the
last 1000 years.
 'Many true research advances in reconstructing ancient climates have
occurred over the past two decades," Soon says, "so we felt it was time
to pull together a large sample of recent studies from the last 5-10
years and look for patterns of variabili y and change. In fact, clear
patterns did emerge showing that regions worldwide experienced the highs



file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61     zggO    ceq.txt                          8/14/2003
Page 2 of 13


   of the Medieval Warm Period and lows oi the Little Ice Age, and that
   20th century temperatures are generally cooler than during the medieval
  warmth."
  Soon and his colleagues concluded that the 20th century is neither the
  warmest century over the last 1000 yea s, nor is it the most extreme.
  Their findings about the pattern of historical climate variations will
  help make computer climate models simu ate both natural and man-made
  changes more accurately, and lead to b tter climate forecasts especially
  on local and regional levels. This is Especially true in simulations
                                                                         on
  timescales ranging from several decades to a century.
  Historical Cold, Warm Periods Verified
  Studying climate change is challenging for a number of reasons, not
                                                                       the
  least of which is the bewildering variety of climate indicators - all
  sensitive to different climatic variables, and each operating on
  slightly overlapping yet distinct scales of space and time. For example,
  tree ring studies can yield yearly records of temperature and
  precipitation trends, while glacier ice cores record those variables
  over longer time scales of several decades to a century.
  Soon, Baliunas and colleagues analyzed aumerous climate indicators
  including: borehole data; cultural data; glacier advances or retreats;
  geomorphology; isotopic analysis from 1ake sediments or ice cores, tree
  or peat celluloses (carbohydrates), corals, stalagmite or biological
  fossils; net ice accumulation rate, including dust or chemical counts;
  lake fossils and sediments; river sedim nts; melt layers in ice cores;
 phenological (recurring natural phenome a in relation to climate) and
 paleontological fossils; pollen; seafloor sediments; luminescent
 analysis; tree ring growth, including e ther ring width or maximum
 late-wood density; and shifting tree li e positions plus tree stumps
                                                                        in
 lakes, marshes and streams.
 'Like forensic detectives, we assembled these series of clues in order
 to answer a specific question about loc 1 and regional climate change:
 is there evidence for notable climatic anomalies during particular time
 periods over the past 1000 years?" Soon says. "The cumulative evidence
 showed that such anomalies did exist."
 The worldwide range of climate records confirmed two significant climate
 periods in the last thousand years, the Little Ice Age and the Medieval
 Warm Period. The climatic notion of a Little Ice Age interval from 1300
 tol900 A.D, and a medieval Warm Period from 800 to 1300 A.D. appears
                                                                        to
 be rather well-confirmed and wide-sprea , despite some differences from
 one region to another as measured by ot er climatic variables like
precipitation, drought cycles, or glaci r advances and retreats.
 "For a long time, researchers have possessed anecdotal evidence
 supporting the existence of these clinate extremes," Baliunas says.
                                                                      "For
example, the Vikings established coloni s in Greenland at the beginning
 of the second millennium that died out several hundred years later when
the climate turned colder. And in Engla d, vineyards had flourished
during the medieval warmth. Now, we haye an accumulation of objective
data to back up these cultural indicators."
The different indicators provided clear evidence for a warm period in
the Middle Ages. Tree ring summer temperatures showed a warm interval
from 950 A.D. to 1100 A.D. in the northern high latitude zones, which
corresponds to the 'Medieval Warm Period.", Another database of tree
growth from 14 different locations over 30-70 degrees north latitude
showed a similar early warm period. many parts of the world show the
medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century.
The study - funded by NASA, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research,
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad inistration, and the American
Petroleum Institute - will be published in the Energy and Environment
journal. A shorter paper by Soon and Baliunas appeared in the January
31, 2003 issue of the Climate Research journal.



file://D:SEARCH_7-9_03-CEQ061_f~yzgtgooI seq.txt                            8/14/2003
Page 3 of 13

 NOTE TO EDITORS: Photos of key climate indicators are available online
 at http: /!cfa-www.harvard.edu/presg/pr(310image.html
 Headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Harvard-Smithsonian
 Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is a Ja!rt collaboration between the
 Smithsonian Astrophysical observatory End the Harvard College
 Observatory. CfA scientists organized into six research divisions study
 the origin, evolution, and ultimate~ fate of the universe.
 For more information, contact:
 David Aguilar, Director of Public Affairs
 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astroph sics
Phone: 617-495-7462 Fax: 617-495-7468
daguilar~cfa .harvard. edu
Christine Lafon
Public Affairs Specialist
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Phone: 617-495-7463, Fax: 617-495-7016
clafon~cfa .harvard. edu
Last modified on Monday, 31-Mar-2003 15:18:29 EST
Comments or Questions? Contact pubaffairs~cfa.harvard.edu
  - attl.htm - imageQO1.gif - image002.gif - image003.gif-
                                                            image004.gif-      image~Os.g
ATT CREATION TIME/DATE:     0 00:00:00.00

TEXT:
<IDOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//w3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-co :vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-co
m:office:office" xmlns:w="urn: schemas-microsoft-com:office:worarr xmlns:stl="urn
:schemas-microsoft--com:office:smarttags' xmlns="http://www.w3 .org/TR/REC-html4O
'F>


<head>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Tye" CONTENT= "text/html; charset=us-ascii">


<meta name=Progld content=Word. Document:
<meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10">
<meta name=Originator content="Microsofi Word 10">
<base href="http://cfa-www.harvard~edu/ ~ress/pr0310.html">
<link rel=File-List href="cid:fi lelist. ,,lc?0C3269A.683D6920">
<link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="cid:edit lata.mso@01C3269A.683D6920">
<!--[if !mso)>
<style>
v:* {behavior:url(#default#VML) ;}
o:* (behavior:url(#default#VyM) ;}
w:t (behavior:url(#default#VML) hi
*..shape {behavior:url (#default#VML) ;
</style>
<I [endif]-->
<title>Message</title>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office: smarttags"
 name="time" />
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office:smarttags'I
 name="`PlaceName" />
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemes-microsoft-com:off ice: smarttags"
 name=" PlaceType"`/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemzs-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
 name="City"/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem es-microsoft-com:off ice: smarttags"
 name=" State"`/>
<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
 name=`"date" />



file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061 .fyzgtgoo3_seq~txt                              8/14/2003
Page 4 of 13

<o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schenas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags"
 name="place"/>
<o:SmartTagmype namespaceuri="urn: sche as-microsofl±-com:off ice: smarttags"
 name="country-region" />
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
 <o: OfficeflocumentSettings>
  <0o:DoNotRelyOnCSS/>
 </0: OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xmnl><![endif]--><l--[if gte mso 9><xm1>
    <wWordDocument>
   <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState>
   <w: GrammarState>Clean</w: GrammarState>
   <W: DocumtentKind>DocumentEmail</w: Docu entKind>
   <w:EnvelopeVis/>
   <w: BrowserLevel>Microsoft~nternetExpl rer4</1w: BrowserLevel>
 <1w: WordDocument>
</xml>cI [endif)---><!--[if Imso]>
<style>
stl: *{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) I
</style>
<! [endif]-->
<style>

  /* Style Definitions *
  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.NsoNormal
          (mso-style-parent:"''
         margin: Oin;
         margin-bottom: .OO0lpt;
         mso-pagination :widow-orphan;
         font-size:12. Opt;
         font-family: 'Times New Roman";
                                                  1
         mso-fareast-font-family: "Times 4ew Roman" ;)
h2
          (mso-margin-top-alt :auto;
         margin-right:OQin;
         mso-margin-bottom-alt :auto;
         margin-left:OQin;
         mso-pagination :widow-orphan;
         mso-outline-level :2;
         font-size:18. Opt;
         font-family:"Times New Roman";
         font-weight :bold;)
a: link, span. msol-yperlink
         (color:#6B4226;
         text-decoration: underline;
         text-underline: single;)
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
         {color:#6B4226;
         text-decoration :underline;
         text-underline :single;}I
p
         {mso-margin-top-alt :auto;
         margin-right: Oin;
         mso-margin-bottom-alt :auto;
         margin-left: Oin;
         mso-pagination :widow-orphan;
         font-size:12. Opt;
         font-family:"Times New Roman";
         mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";)
span.FEmailStylel8



file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61LLyzgtgOO3 seq.txt                                8/14/2003
Page 5 of 13


          {mso-style-type :personal-reply;
         mso-style-noshow:yes;
         mso-ansi-font-size: 12. Opt;
         mso-bidi-font-size:12. Opt;
         font-family:"Times New Roman";
         mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";
         mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";
         mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";
         color :blue;
         font-weight: normal;
         font-style: normal;
         text-decoration: none;
         text-underline :none;
         text-decoration: none;
         text-line-through:none; I
@page Sectionl
          {size:8.5in 11.Oin;
         margin:1.Oin l.2Sin 1.Oin 1.251i
         mso-header-margin:.-5in;
         mso-footer-margin:.5Sin;
         mso-paper-source:0;)
div. Sectionl
          {page:Sectionl; I

</style>
<!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
 /* Style Definitions *
 table. MSONormalTable
         {mso-style-name: "Table Normal";
         mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
         mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
         mso-style-noshow:yes;
         mso-style-parent:""
         mso-padding-alt:Qin 5.4pt Oin 5 4pt;
         mso-para-margin:OQin;
         mso-para-margin-bottom: .OO0lpt;
         mso-pagination :widow-orphan;
         font-size:10. Opt;
         font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9I><xml>
 <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax= '1026" />
</xml><cdendif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xm1>
 'co:shapelayout v:ext="~edit"I>
   <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="l" />
 </o:shapelayout></xmnl>c! [endif] -- >
</head>

<body bgcolor=white lang=EN-TJS link="#6.4226" vlink="#6B4226" style='tab-interv
al:
 *.5ih'>

<div class=Sectionl>

<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face='T-mes New Roman"><span style=' font-size:

12 .Opt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font> /p>

<div align=center>



file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61LfyzgtgO(3sceq.txt                            8/14/2003
Page 6 of 13



<table class=NsoNormalTable border=0 ce lpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25i
n;
 mso-cellspacing:1. 5pt'>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la-trow:yes'>
   <td width=75 valign=top, style='width: 6.25pt;padding: .75pt .75pt ..75pt .75pt
1>
     <p class=MsoNorrnal align=center style= text-align:center'><tont size=3
     face="Times New Roman"><span style=' f nt-size:12 .Opt'><img width=33
     height=38 id=" _xOOOO_11026" src="cid: mageOOl.gif@01IC3269A.683D6920"1
     alt="Harvard Shield"><img width=42 he ght=39 id=" _xOOOO_11027"
     src="cid:image002.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0" alt="Smithsonian Sunburst"I><o:p></o:
p></span></font></p>

  <td width=420 style='width:315.Opt;pa lding:.75pt .75pt .75pt ..75pt'>
  <p class=MsoNorrnal><stl place><stl:P1 iceName><font size=2 color=darkred
    face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'>Harvard
-Smithsonian</span></font></stl:PlaceNa e><foant
   size=2 color=darkred><span style=' fo it-size:10.Opt;color:darkred'> </span></
font><stl:PlaceType><foant
    size=2 color=darkred><span style=' f nt-size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'>Center</s
pan></font></stl:PlaceType></stl:place> ,font
  size=2 color=darkred><span style='fon -size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'> for
  AStrophysics<br>
  </span></font><b><font size=5 color=dirkred><span style= 'font-size:18.Opt;
  color:darkred;font-weight:bold'>Press Release </span></font></b><o:p></o:p></

     <I td>

</table>

<I div>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style=' fan:-size:12.Opt;display:rnone;mso-hide:
all'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p-

<div align-center>

<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 ce lspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=620
 style='width:465.Opt;mso-cellspacing:0 n;mso-padding-alt:Oifl Oin Oin Oin'>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la trow:yes'>
  <td style='padding:Oin Oin Oin Oin'>
  <p class=MsoNormal align=center style 'text-align:center'>•font size=3
  face="Tirnes New Roman"><span style='f nt-size:12.Opt'><img width-333
  height=25 id=" _xOOOO_1i1028" src="cid: rnageOO3.gif@01C3269A.683D6920"
  alt="`Cred bar]" border=0><a href="htt ://cfa-www.harvard.edu/"><span
  style= 'text-decoration:none;text-unde line:none' ><img border=0 width=70
  height=25 id=" _xOOOO_±i1029" src="cid: mageOO4.gif@01IC3269A.683D6920"
  alt=" [CfA Home]" align=top></span></a <a
  href="http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/newt p/search.htrnl"><span style= 'text-decora
tion:
     none;text-underline:hone'><img borderz0 width=81 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_1030"

     src="cid:image005.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0" alt="    [CfA Search]   "   aligrn=top></spa
n>< /a><a
     href="http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/newt p/cfahelp.html"><span style=' text-decor
ation:
     none;text-underline:none' ><img border=0 width=90 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_11031"




file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61_fyzgtgO    13-eq.txt                                   8/14/2003
Page 7 of 13


  src='cid:imageo06.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0' alt="    [CfA Help]l   align=top></span>
</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

 <Itr>
<I/table>



<p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style=' ton -size:12 .Opt;display:none;mso-hide:
all'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div align=center>

<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 ce lpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25i

 mso-cellspacing:l. 5pt'>
 <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la trow:yesl>
  <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'>
  <p class=MsoNormal><b><foflt size=3 fa e="Times New Roman">cspan
  style='font-size:12 .Opt;font-weight:b ld'>Release No.: 03-l0<br>
  For Release: </span></font></b>'cstl:dite Month="13' Day="131"1 Year="20031><b><s
pan
    style='font-weight:bold'>March 31, 2 03</span></b></stl:date><b><span
  style=' font-weight:bold'> </span></b> o:p></o:p></p>
  <h2 align=center style='text-align:ceater'><b><font size=5
  face='Times New Roman"><span style='f nt-size:l8.Opt'>20th Century Climate
  Not So Hot <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h2>
  <p><stl:place><stl:City><font size=3 Eace="Times New Roman"><span
     style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Cambridge</span></font></stl:City>, <stl:State>MA<
/stl:State></stl :place>
  - A review of more than 200 climate studies led by researchers at the <stl:pl
ace><stl: PlaceName>Harvard-Smithsoniafl</stl: PlaceName>
    <stl :PlaceType>Center</stl :PlaceType></stl :place> for Astrophysics has
  determined that the 20th century is neither the warmest century nor the
  century with the most extreme weather of the past 1000 years. The review also

  confirmed that the Medieval Warm Peniod of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little
  Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the
  European and North American continent . While 20th century temperatures are
  much higher than in the Little Ice Age period, many parts of the world show
  the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. <o:p></o:p><

  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:12 .Opt'>Smithso
nian
  astronomers Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, with co-authors Craig Idso and
  Sherwood Idso (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change) and

  David Legates (Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware),
  compiled and examined results from more than 240 research papers published by

  thousands of researchers over the past four decades. Their report, covering a

  multitude of geophysical and biological climate indicators, provides a
  detailed look at climate changes that occurred in different regions around
  the world over the last 1000 years. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roma "><span style=' font-size:12.Opt'>&quot;M
any
  true research advances in reconstructing ancient climates have occurred over




file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61L~yzgtgO   3seq.txt                               8/14/2003
Page 8 of 13


  the past two decades,&guot; Soon says &quot;so we felt it was time to pull
  together a large sample of recent stulies from the last 5-10 years and look
  for patterns of variability and chang . In fact, clear patterns did emerge sh
owing
  that regions worldwide experienced th highs of the Medieval Warm Period and

    lows of the Little Ice Age, and that   0Oth century temperatures are generally

    cooler than during the medieval warmt1.&qUot; <o:p></o:p><c/span></font></p>
    <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Soon
    and his colleagues concluded that the 20th century is neither the warmest
    century over the last 1000 years, nor is it the most extreme. Their findings

    about the pattern of historical china e variations will help make computer
    climate models simulate both natural ind man-made changes more accurately,
    and lead to better climate forecasts Especially on local and regional levels.

    This is especially true in simulation on timescales ranging from several
    decades to a century. <o:p></o:p>'c/span><c/font></p>
    <p><u><cfont size=3 face="Times New Rb an'><span style='font-size:l2.0pt'>H~it
orical
    Cold, Warm Periods Verified</span></f nt><c/u> <o:p></o:P></p>
    <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.Opt >Studyin
g
    climate change is challenging for a nimber of reasons, not the least of which

    is the bewildering variety of climate indicators   -   all sensitive to different

    climatic variables, and each operatin on slightly overlapping yet distinct
    scales of space and time. For example, tree ring studies can yield yearly
    records of temperature and precipitation trends, while glacier ice cores
    record those variables over longer tine scales of several decades to a
    century. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
    <p><font size=3 face='Times New Roman"><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Soon,
    Baliunas and colleagues analyzed numerous climate indicators including:
    borehole data; cultural data; glacier advances or retreats; geomorphology;
    isotopic analysis from lake sediments or ice cores, tree or peat celluloses
     (carbohydrates), corals, stalagmite or biological fossils; net ice
    accumulation rate, including dust or chemical counts; lake fossils and
    sediments; river sediments; melt layers in ice cores; phenological (recurring

    natural phenomena in relation to cli ate) and paleontological fossils;
    pollen; seafloor sediments; luminesc nt analysis; tree ring growth, including

  either ring width or maximum late-wocd density; and shifting tree line
  positions plus tree stumps in lakes, marshes and streams. <o:p></o:p></span><
/font></p>
  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roma '><span style='font-size:12.Optl>&:quot;L
ike
    forensic detectives, we assembled th se series of clues in order to answer a

    specific question about local and recional climate change:     Is there evidence

    for notable climatic anomalies durnn particular time periods over the past
    1000 years?&qubt; Soon says. &quot;Tle cumulative evidence showed that such
    anomalies did exist.&quot; <o:p></o:j></span></font></p>
    <p><font size=3 face="Times New Romai '><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
    worldwide range of climate records c nfirmed two significant climate periods

    in the last thousand years, the Litt .e ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period.



file:/D:SEARCHJ79.0OtCEQ06 1_fLyzgtgO 3sceq.txt                                 8/14/2003
Page 9 of 13



  The climatic notion of a Little Ice A e interval from 1300 tol900 A.D. and a

  Medieval Warm Period from 800 to 1300 A.D. appears to be rather
  well-confirmed and wide-spread. despi e some differences from one region to
  another as measured by other climatic variables like precipitation, drought
  cycles, or glacier advances and retre ts. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman'><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>&quot;F
or
  a long time, researchers have possess d anecdotal evidence supporting the
  existence of these climate extremes,&Iuot; Baliunas says. &quot;For example,

  the Vikings established colonies in < span></font><stl:place>Greenland</stl:p
lace>
  at the beginning of the second millen ium that died out several hundred years

  later when the climate turned colder. And in <stl:country.-region><stl:place>E
ngland</stl :place></stl :country-region>
  vineyards had flourished during the m dieval warmth. Now, we have an
  accumulation of objective data to back up these cultural indicators.&quot; <o

  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style= font-size:l2 .Opt'>The
  different indicators provided clear eridence for a warm period in the middle

  Ages. Tree ring summer temperatures slowed a warm interval from 950 A.D. to
  1100 A.D. in the northern high latitule zones, which corresponds to the
  &quot;Medieval Warm Period.&quot; Ano her database of tree growth from 14
  different locations over 30-70 degree; north latitude showed a similar early

  warm period. Many parts of the world 3how the medieval warmth to be greater
  than that of the 20th century. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
  <p><font size=3 face='Times New Roman'><span style=1font-size:12 .Opt'>The
  study - funded by NASA, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admi istration, and the American Petroleum
  Institute - will be published in the Vnergy and Environment journal. A
  shorter paper by Soon and Baliunas ap eared in the </span></font><stl:date
  Month="l' Day=1311 Year="2003'1>Januar 31, 2003</stl:date> issue of the
  Climate Research journal. <o:p></o:p> /p>
  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style=1font-size:l2 .Opt'>N0TE TO

  EDITORS: Photos of key climate indica ors are available online at <a
  href="http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/pres /pro3lOimage.html">http://cfa-www. .harv
ard. edu/press/pro3l~image .html</a>
  <o :p></o :p><lspan></font></p>
  <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman'><span style= font-size:12.Opt'>Headqua
rtered
  in </span></font><stl:place><stl:City Cambridge</stl:City>, <stl:State>Massac
husetts</stl :State><c/stl :place>,
  the <stl:place><stl :PlaceName>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl:PlaceName> <stl: PlaceT
ype>Center</stl: PlaceType></stl :place>
  for Astrophysics (CfA) is a joint collaboration between the Smithsonian
  Astrophysical observatory and the H-arvard College Observatory. CfA scientists

     organized into six research divisions study the origin, evolution, and
     ultimate fate of the universe. <o:p></o:p></p>
     <p><u><font size=3 face='Times New Ronan"><span style=' font-size:12 .0pt'>For

     more information, contact</span></font></u>: <o:p></o:p></p>
     <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:12 .0pt'>David
     Aguilar, Director of Public Affairs<br>



file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061...fyzgtgo   3%Ceq.txt                            8/14/2003
Page 10 of 13


  </span></font><stl:place><stl:PlaceNa       ae>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl:PlaceName> <
stil:PlaceType>Center</stl:PlaceType></s       1l:place>
  for Astrophysics<br>
  Phone: 617-495-7462 Fax: 617-495-7468       <br>
  <a href=tmailto:daguilar~cfa.harvard.       du">daguilar~cfa.harvard.edu</a> <o:p><

     <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style= font-size:12 .Opt'>Christi
ne
  Lafon<br>
  Public Affairs Specialist<br>
  </span></font><stl :place><stl :PlaceNa ae>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl :PlaceNamne> <
stil:PlaceType>Center</stl :PlaceType></s 1l:place>
  for AStrophysics<br>
  Phone: 617-495-7463, Fax: 617-495-7015<br>
  <a href=rmailto:clafonc~cfa.harvard.ed ">clafon~cfa.harvard.edu</a> <o:p>'c/o:p



</ table>

<I div>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><i><font size=2
face='Times New Roman"><span style=' fon -size:l0.Opt;font-style:italic '>Last
modified on Monday, 31-llar-2003 </span>c/font></i><stl:time Hour="15"
Minute='18"><i><font size=2>cspan style='font-size:10.Opt;font-style:italic'>15
:18:29
 EST</span></font></i></stl:time><i><fo t size=2><span style='font-size:10.Opt;

font-style:italic'> </span></font></i>< :p></o:p></p>

<p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center1><i><font size=2
face="Times New Roman"><span style='fton --size:10.Opt;font-style:italic'>Comment
S
or Questions? Contact <a href="Mailto:p baffairs~cfa.harvard.edu">pubaffairs~cf
a .harvard. edu<!a>
</span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p>



</body>

</html>

--        ---         END ATTACHMENT    1I=

 --   ---            ATTACHMENT   2 ==-----
ATT CREATION TIME/DATE:   0 00:00:00.00

TEXT:
Unable to convert NSREOPO1O3:[ATTACH.D4B]SREOP013000TGZY.002 to ASCII,
 The following is a HEX DUMP:

47494638396121002600F7000071575826020464494B927B7E938B8F462F348B757A473E403104
0FlB030967001C330B168D6C75550019290912642C3C875B6833252985656E7300244A00186514
2E4615245A2032713B4C7A586381002C6B00246300226308276C34478044597944567E6C725F53
5796939483003176002A3C00167C012D35021570092F5308245All2C7927446B2A413A18249483
89B3A0A7AE9DA38600337D003177002D70002A8 013572012D6B012A8303346602287606327306
3173062F6A0D32380AlC6613346D203D601D377B3A538500368300378000347E00347A0032860l
397601318002377B023482033685043A7D04373902196C062F7C0838710B34340518630C2F6A~l



file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061LfyzgtgO 3sceq.txt                                   8/14/2003
Message                                                                                                                               Page 1 of 3




                   NS       Harvard -Smithsonian Center for i strophysics
                        s   Press Release
          rn- fred barlr                                                            [CfA         ri    [CfA         r      CAen

     Release No.: 03-10
     For Release: ftIr.J 31, 2603




     that 20th eenturyqneitite~t then az net, enll 3                               eentury wth.heaJ
                                                                           norl thea                                      stc       teal
    wenthr U0yas
           oftheps                                 h        ,1       i--FttidtitteMdea                                          n
           Perod   F 80     t    as0   A.Bl.   and tLe
                                                     1tt   te          g     F10           o+0        AD            teo     rdi
          phntnni t 1000imte
                0                        to the EtpfltnJ         d            Atei-l
                                                                              TLrLh              e        ±ent in   .Whl 20t




                     eentrytetpeatresaret~tehhiherhi                 in the. -4tl      le    Ageqpeio, ln~Z. ptrts


  fiel et/D:iERC_79_03_C
                      iedeQO6it!yzgtg oO) graeqOO lhtmltito
                                   nt                                                                 h       0hcn                         8/1420
Message                                                                                                                                             Page 2 of 3




                        Soon,     and    eelleagues
                                   Hikhtmiks                      ttnitLMiJn0a0te                                 nitkt
                                                                                                                     Z         ftlulding:...J
                                                                                                                            5 rA

    hot.e.Jtle d                    ttittit... diitt g eie ..
                                        ..  it                                      tt..     0   :t,   a.O. Mkft. 5 t.z
                                                                                                                goi    IX.            ~;t:Gp
                                                                                                                                      0 is




     ''L :i.sq       poln        set~tflo            .edimnts.             . ....                . 0 ...z.,f    tree ring gr'wh,       inealY dtn




          "E
           ike                           weansesa ! iesezserie
                               detCe..Lrvd,
                            L.eni                t         thz                                                 eit.. order ana Cwer-*k
                                                                                                                   i     to
          speeifie          J   a1e1ti itotoetanreineinfeelag;1                                                      h    eeideeFt                  tbe


                        elitafi        itkonalis arteti
                                         d~t ng                                            Cpa.. -t.et fai tog WOO yIL s II Soo
                                                                                               and


  fie:IDS. TeARCH_7_9_03_CyietteQO6                                            3steq0001.hwtmli
                                                                           wedyzgtg                                                                       8/14/2003.
Page 3 of 3
Message




     D.. idAp-.Ja., Di eeS of PIblz Affatir
                        A.

     Phone.. 617 495 ~7462F.614974
     dag"H:a& @e~thfp.Lp    a J.e.t.   AnjAV




     Ptubiez AffaXr0                             ~iL    tSfeeiApt

     JPhm.e..   61:7 495 7463-, F.~.   1 495 71

                               Last modifWed on Mondoy 31-Mar-2003 15 :18:29 EST
                            Comment s or Questions? Contact Pi1 gJJ~nf•J.lwnurd~edt




                                                                                          8/14/2003
  file://D:SEARCH-7-9-03 CEQO61_t~yzgtg O3sceqSO00l.htmI

More Related Content

What's hot

RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"
RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"
RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"Obama White House
 
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA Research
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA ResearchAddressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA Research
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA ResearchObama White House
 
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society Earth Institute of Columbia University
 
Abruptclimatechange 7229
Abruptclimatechange 7229Abruptclimatechange 7229
Abruptclimatechange 7229www.thiiink.com
 
Climate changes past and future
Climate changes  past and futureClimate changes  past and future
Climate changes past and futureDocumentStory
 
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansen
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansenNetherlands.14 november2012 james hansen
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansenUrgenda
 
Contemporary evidence of climate change
Contemporary evidence of climate changeContemporary evidence of climate change
Contemporary evidence of climate changeWill Williams
 

What's hot (20)

RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"
RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"
RCEC Document "Was the 20th Century Climate Unusual"
 
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (c)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (c)RCEC Email 5.19.03 (c)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (c)
 
Kyoto Email 4.9.01
Kyoto Email 4.9.01Kyoto Email 4.9.01
Kyoto Email 4.9.01
 
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (b)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (b)RCEC Email 5.19.03 (b)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (b)
 
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (a)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (a)RCEC Email 5.19.03 (a)
RCEC Email 5.19.03 (a)
 
RCEC Email 5.14.03
RCEC Email 5.14.03RCEC Email 5.14.03
RCEC Email 5.14.03
 
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (d)
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (d)RCEC Email 5.7.03 (d)
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (d)
 
Kyoto Email 4.9.01
Kyoto Email 4.9.01Kyoto Email 4.9.01
Kyoto Email 4.9.01
 
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA Research
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA ResearchAddressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA Research
Addressing Concerns on Climate Change Science - NOAA Research
 
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (a)
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (a)RCEC Email 5.7.03 (a)
RCEC Email 5.7.03 (a)
 
JPJgwhTD102404
JPJgwhTD102404JPJgwhTD102404
JPJgwhTD102404
 
Climate: Past, Present, Future [Prof John McClatchey]
Climate: Past, Present, Future [Prof John McClatchey]Climate: Past, Present, Future [Prof John McClatchey]
Climate: Past, Present, Future [Prof John McClatchey]
 
CAR Email 7.12.02 (b)
CAR Email 7.12.02 (b)CAR Email 7.12.02 (b)
CAR Email 7.12.02 (b)
 
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society
New Climate Change Statement from the American Meteorological Society
 
Abruptclimatechange 7229
Abruptclimatechange 7229Abruptclimatechange 7229
Abruptclimatechange 7229
 
CAR Email 7.17.03
CAR Email 7.17.03CAR Email 7.17.03
CAR Email 7.17.03
 
Climate changes past and future
Climate changes  past and futureClimate changes  past and future
Climate changes past and future
 
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansen
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansenNetherlands.14 november2012 james hansen
Netherlands.14 november2012 james hansen
 
CAR Email 7.12.02 (a)
CAR Email 7.12.02 (a)CAR Email 7.12.02 (a)
CAR Email 7.12.02 (a)
 
Contemporary evidence of climate change
Contemporary evidence of climate changeContemporary evidence of climate change
Contemporary evidence of climate change
 

Viewers also liked

E N T Z U T E Z K O O R O I M E N A
E N T Z U T E Z K O  O R O I M E N AE N T Z U T E Z K O  O R O I M E N A
E N T Z U T E Z K O O R O I M E N Aekaitzmg
 
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007Sietze Jan Kamstra
 
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627Obama White House
 
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)Oge Marques
 
powerpoint de prueba
powerpoint de pruebapowerpoint de prueba
powerpoint de pruebaguest24e7e8
 
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental Quality
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental QualityAugust 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental Quality
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental QualityObama White House
 
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your Business
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your BusinessThe First 6 Critical Partners for Your Business
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your BusinessCory Miller
 

Viewers also liked (20)

E N T Z U T E Z K O O R O I M E N A
E N T Z U T E Z K O  O R O I M E N AE N T Z U T E Z K O  O R O I M E N A
E N T Z U T E Z K O O R O I M E N A
 
CAR Email 6.6.02 (d)
CAR Email 6.6.02 (d)CAR Email 6.6.02 (d)
CAR Email 6.6.02 (d)
 
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007
Presentatie Over Diagnosemodellen Visie Op Probleem Oplossen 2007
 
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627
Crew, Foia, Climate change science program (part b) 009378 - 009627
 
Portfolio Studio T77
Portfolio Studio T77Portfolio Studio T77
Portfolio Studio T77
 
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)
Oge Marques (FAU) - invited talk at WISMA 2010 (Barcelona, May 2010)
 
CAR Email 6.5.02 (c)
CAR Email 6.5.02 (c)CAR Email 6.5.02 (c)
CAR Email 6.5.02 (c)
 
CAR Email 6.3.02
CAR Email 6.3.02CAR Email 6.3.02
CAR Email 6.3.02
 
APP Email 7.26.05
APP Email 7.26.05APP Email 7.26.05
APP Email 7.26.05
 
CAR Email 9.16.02 (b)
CAR Email 9.16.02 (b)CAR Email 9.16.02 (b)
CAR Email 9.16.02 (b)
 
powerpoint de prueba
powerpoint de pruebapowerpoint de prueba
powerpoint de prueba
 
CAR Email 7.10.02 (d)
CAR Email 7.10.02 (d)CAR Email 7.10.02 (d)
CAR Email 7.10.02 (d)
 
Aletta Junior
Aletta JuniorAletta Junior
Aletta Junior
 
EPA CAA PowerPoint 2
EPA CAA PowerPoint 2EPA CAA PowerPoint 2
EPA CAA PowerPoint 2
 
Google+iPhones
Google+iPhonesGoogle+iPhones
Google+iPhones
 
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental Quality
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental QualityAugust 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental Quality
August 1985 The Sixteenth Annual Report Of The Council On Envirnomental Quality
 
EPA DROE Email 7.1.03
EPA DROE Email 7.1.03EPA DROE Email 7.1.03
EPA DROE Email 7.1.03
 
CAR Email 6.6.02 (c)
CAR Email 6.6.02 (c)CAR Email 6.6.02 (c)
CAR Email 6.6.02 (c)
 
Minerals
MineralsMinerals
Minerals
 
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your Business
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your BusinessThe First 6 Critical Partners for Your Business
The First 6 Critical Partners for Your Business
 

Similar to RCEC Email 5.30.03

1000 years of Climate Change II
1000 years of Climate Change II1000 years of Climate Change II
1000 years of Climate Change IISimoneBoccuccia
 
1000 years of Climate Change
1000 years of Climate Change1000 years of Climate Change
1000 years of Climate ChangeSimoneBoccuccia
 
Geo pro
Geo proGeo pro
Geo projoremy
 
Predicting past climates
Predicting past climatesPredicting past climates
Predicting past climatesanmol111
 
New Microsoft Office Word Document
New Microsoft Office Word DocumentNew Microsoft Office Word Document
New Microsoft Office Word DocumentSourav Ghosh
 
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geography
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B GeographyLesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geography
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geographysarah marks
 
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdfBraydenStoch2
 
Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1Ed Stermer
 
Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1guest8a23e5
 
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptxBIDYANATHJHA3
 
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent Changes
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent ChangesEarth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent Changes
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent ChangesIngre1930685
 

Similar to RCEC Email 5.30.03 (20)

RCEC Email 4.8.03 (b)
RCEC Email 4.8.03 (b)RCEC Email 4.8.03 (b)
RCEC Email 4.8.03 (b)
 
RCEC Document 3.03
RCEC Document 3.03RCEC Document 3.03
RCEC Document 3.03
 
RCEC Email 4.16.03 (b)
RCEC Email 4.16.03 (b)RCEC Email 4.16.03 (b)
RCEC Email 4.16.03 (b)
 
1000 years of Climate Change II
1000 years of Climate Change II1000 years of Climate Change II
1000 years of Climate Change II
 
RCEC Email 4.11.03 (a)
RCEC Email 4.11.03 (a)RCEC Email 4.11.03 (a)
RCEC Email 4.11.03 (a)
 
1000 years of Climate Change
1000 years of Climate Change1000 years of Climate Change
1000 years of Climate Change
 
RCEC Email 4.8.03 (c)
RCEC Email 4.8.03 (c)RCEC Email 4.8.03 (c)
RCEC Email 4.8.03 (c)
 
The physical environment
The physical environmentThe physical environment
The physical environment
 
Geo pro
Geo proGeo pro
Geo pro
 
Climate Change Past Present Future
Climate Change Past Present FutureClimate Change Past Present Future
Climate Change Past Present Future
 
Predicting past climates
Predicting past climatesPredicting past climates
Predicting past climates
 
RCEC Email 4.28.03
RCEC Email 4.28.03RCEC Email 4.28.03
RCEC Email 4.28.03
 
New Microsoft Office Word Document
New Microsoft Office Word DocumentNew Microsoft Office Word Document
New Microsoft Office Word Document
 
Background on New Study of 2,000 Years of Climate Shifts Over Land
Background on New Study of 2,000 Years of Climate Shifts Over LandBackground on New Study of 2,000 Years of Climate Shifts Over Land
Background on New Study of 2,000 Years of Climate Shifts Over Land
 
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geography
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B GeographyLesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geography
Lesson1 climate and change GCSE Edexcel B Geography
 
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf
27 May 1950 - World weather may be warming up.pdf
 
Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1
 
Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1Climate change part 1
Climate change part 1
 
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx
1.-Evidence-of-Climate-Change.pptx
 
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent Changes
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent ChangesEarth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent Changes
Earth's Temperature _ A Brief History Of Recent Changes
 

More from Obama White House

White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
 
President Obama's Letter on Countering Iran
President Obama's Letter on Countering IranPresident Obama's Letter on Countering Iran
President Obama's Letter on Countering IranObama White House
 
Western Governors Drought/Wildfire Briefing
Western Governors  Drought/Wildfire BriefingWestern Governors  Drought/Wildfire Briefing
Western Governors Drought/Wildfire BriefingObama White House
 
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American Workers
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American WorkersSecretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American Workers
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American WorkersObama White House
 
The 2015 Enhanced State of the Union
The 2015 Enhanced State of the UnionThe 2015 Enhanced State of the Union
The 2015 Enhanced State of the UnionObama White House
 
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community Foundations
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community FoundationsThe President's Message for the White House Convening on Community Foundations
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community FoundationsObama White House
 
President Obama's #GivingTuesday Message
President Obama's #GivingTuesday MessagePresident Obama's #GivingTuesday Message
President Obama's #GivingTuesday MessageObama White House
 
Draft of the Gettysburg Address
Draft of the Gettysburg AddressDraft of the Gettysburg Address
Draft of the Gettysburg AddressObama White House
 
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House Fellows
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsMessage: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House Fellows
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsObama White House
 
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum WageThe Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum WageObama White House
 
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster
 White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics PosterObama White House
 
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
 
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressPresident Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressObama White House
 
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate Change
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate ChangePresident Obama's Plan to Fight Climate Change
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate ChangeObama White House
 
President Obama's Deficit Plan
President Obama's Deficit PlanPresident Obama's Deficit Plan
President Obama's Deficit PlanObama White House
 
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced GraphicsObama White House
 
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun Violence
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceNow Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun Violence
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceObama White House
 
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax Cuts
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax CutsInfographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax Cuts
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax CutsObama White House
 
White House Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative
White House Neighborhood Revitalization InitiativeWhite House Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative
White House Neighborhood Revitalization InitiativeObama White House
 

More from Obama White House (20)

White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2016 - Enhanced Graphics
 
President Obama's Letter on Countering Iran
President Obama's Letter on Countering IranPresident Obama's Letter on Countering Iran
President Obama's Letter on Countering Iran
 
Western Governors Drought/Wildfire Briefing
Western Governors  Drought/Wildfire BriefingWestern Governors  Drought/Wildfire Briefing
Western Governors Drought/Wildfire Briefing
 
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American Workers
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American WorkersSecretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American Workers
Secretary Perez to Congress: TAA is a Critical Lifeline for American Workers
 
The 2015 Enhanced State of the Union
The 2015 Enhanced State of the UnionThe 2015 Enhanced State of the Union
The 2015 Enhanced State of the Union
 
The Economy in 2014
The Economy in 2014The Economy in 2014
The Economy in 2014
 
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community Foundations
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community FoundationsThe President's Message for the White House Convening on Community Foundations
The President's Message for the White House Convening on Community Foundations
 
President Obama's #GivingTuesday Message
President Obama's #GivingTuesday MessagePresident Obama's #GivingTuesday Message
President Obama's #GivingTuesday Message
 
Draft of the Gettysburg Address
Draft of the Gettysburg AddressDraft of the Gettysburg Address
Draft of the Gettysburg Address
 
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House Fellows
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House FellowsMessage: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House Fellows
Message: Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the White House Fellows
 
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum WageThe Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage
The Economic Case for Raising the Minimum Wage
 
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster
 White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics Poster
 
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2014 Enhanced Graphics
 
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg AddressPresident Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address
President Obama's Handwritten Tribute to the Gettysburg Address
 
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate Change
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate ChangePresident Obama's Plan to Fight Climate Change
President Obama's Plan to Fight Climate Change
 
President Obama's Deficit Plan
President Obama's Deficit PlanPresident Obama's Deficit Plan
President Obama's Deficit Plan
 
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced GraphicsWhite House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced Graphics
White House State of the Union 2013 Enhanced Graphics
 
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun Violence
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun ViolenceNow Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun Violence
Now Is the Time: President Obama's Plan to Reduce Gun Violence
 
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax Cuts
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax CutsInfographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax Cuts
Infographic: Extending Middle-Class Tax Cuts
 
White House Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative
White House Neighborhood Revitalization InitiativeWhite House Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative
White House Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative
 

Recently uploaded

Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the rounds
Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the roundsQuiz for Heritage Indian including all the rounds
Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the roundsnaxymaxyy
 
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep VictoryAP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victoryanjanibaddipudi1
 
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdf
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdfChandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdf
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdfauroraaudrey4826
 
Referendum Party 2024 Election Manifesto
Referendum Party 2024 Election ManifestoReferendum Party 2024 Election Manifesto
Referendum Party 2024 Election ManifestoSABC News
 
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024Ismail Fahmi
 
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...Axel Bruns
 
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaign
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election CampaignN Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaign
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaignanjanibaddipudi1
 
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdfGerald Furnkranz
 
Brief biography of Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Brief biography of Julius Robert OppenheimerBrief biography of Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Brief biography of Julius Robert OppenheimerOmarCabrera39
 
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and information
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and informationOpportunities, challenges, and power of media and information
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and informationReyMonsales
 
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012ankitnayak356677
 
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.NaveedKhaskheli1
 
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfk
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfkcomplaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfk
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfkbhavenpr
 
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdf
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdfTop 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdf
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdfauroraaudrey4826
 
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpk
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpkManipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpk
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpkbhavenpr
 
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...Ismail Fahmi
 

Recently uploaded (16)

Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the rounds
Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the roundsQuiz for Heritage Indian including all the rounds
Quiz for Heritage Indian including all the rounds
 
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep VictoryAP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
AP Election Survey 2024: TDP-Janasena-BJP Alliance Set To Sweep Victory
 
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdf
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdfChandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdf
Chandrayaan 3 Successful Moon Landing Mission.pdf
 
Referendum Party 2024 Election Manifesto
Referendum Party 2024 Election ManifestoReferendum Party 2024 Election Manifesto
Referendum Party 2024 Election Manifesto
 
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024
Different Frontiers of Social Media War in Indonesia Elections 2024
 
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...
Dynamics of Destructive Polarisation in Mainstream and Social Media: The Case...
 
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaign
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election CampaignN Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaign
N Chandrababu Naidu Launches 'Praja Galam' As Part of TDP’s Election Campaign
 
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf
57 Bidens Annihilation Nation Policy.pdf
 
Brief biography of Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Brief biography of Julius Robert OppenheimerBrief biography of Julius Robert Oppenheimer
Brief biography of Julius Robert Oppenheimer
 
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and information
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and informationOpportunities, challenges, and power of media and information
Opportunities, challenges, and power of media and information
 
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012
VIP Girls Available Call or WhatsApp 9711199012
 
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
Global Terrorism and its types and prevention ppt.
 
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfk
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfkcomplaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfk
complaint-ECI-PM-media-1-Chandru.pdfra;;prfk
 
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdf
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdfTop 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdf
Top 10 Wealthiest People In The World.pdf
 
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpk
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpkManipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpk
Manipur-Book-Final-2-compressed.pdfsal'rpk
 
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...
HARNESSING AI FOR ENHANCED MEDIA ANALYSIS A CASE STUDY ON CHATGPT AT DRONE EM...
 

RCEC Email 5.30.03

  • 1. Page 1 of 13 RECORD TYPE: FEDERAL (NOTES MAIL) ALI 7 CREATOR:Richard Seibert <rseibert~annctr.org> ( Richard Seibert <rseibert~annctr.org CREATION DATB/TIME:30-MAY-2003 11:02:1!.00 SUBJECT: : 20th Century Climate Not So aot TO:kbailey~ceq.eop.gov ( kbailey~ceg.ecp.gav UNKNOWN READ: UNKNOWN TO:dfiffelke~ceq.eop~gov ( dfiffelke~c qeop.gov [ UNKNOWN I READ :UNKNOWN TO:Phil Cooney ( CN=Phil Caoney/OU=CEQ/ =EOP@EOP [ CEQ READ :UNKNOWN TO:Elizabeth A. Stolpe ( CN=Elizabeth A. Stolpe/OU=CEQ/O=EOP@EOP[ CEQ READ :UNKNOWN TO:vastephens~ceq.eop.gov ( vastephens@ eq.eop.gov[ UNKNOWN READ 'UNKNOWN TEXT: Harvard-Smnithsonian Center for Astraphy ics Press Release <http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/> <http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu,'newtap/sear h.html> <http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/newtop/cfah lp.html> Release No. : 03-10 For Release: March 31, 2003 20th Century Climate Nat So flat Cambridge, MA - A review of mare than 200 climate studies led by researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics has determined that the 20th century is nei her the warmest century nor the century with the most extreme weather af the past 1000 years. The review also confirmed that the medieval Warm P niod of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the European and North American continents. While 20th century temperatures are much higher than in thE Little Ice Age period, many parts of the world show the medieval wa mth to be greater than that of the 20th century. Smithsonian astronomers Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, with co-authors Craig Idso and Sherwood Idso (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change) and David Legates (Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware), compiled and e amined results from more than 240 research papers published by thousands of researchers aver the past four decades. Their report, covering a multitude of geophysical and biological climate indicators, provides a detailed look at climate changes that occurred in different regi ns around the world over the last 1000 years. 'Many true research advances in reconstructing ancient climates have occurred over the past two decades," Soon says, "so we felt it was time to pull together a large sample of recent studies from the last 5-10 years and look for patterns of variabili y and change. In fact, clear patterns did emerge showing that regions worldwide experienced the highs file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61 zggO ceq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 2. Page 2 of 13 of the Medieval Warm Period and lows oi the Little Ice Age, and that 20th century temperatures are generally cooler than during the medieval warmth." Soon and his colleagues concluded that the 20th century is neither the warmest century over the last 1000 yea s, nor is it the most extreme. Their findings about the pattern of historical climate variations will help make computer climate models simu ate both natural and man-made changes more accurately, and lead to b tter climate forecasts especially on local and regional levels. This is Especially true in simulations on timescales ranging from several decades to a century. Historical Cold, Warm Periods Verified Studying climate change is challenging for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the bewildering variety of climate indicators - all sensitive to different climatic variables, and each operating on slightly overlapping yet distinct scales of space and time. For example, tree ring studies can yield yearly records of temperature and precipitation trends, while glacier ice cores record those variables over longer time scales of several decades to a century. Soon, Baliunas and colleagues analyzed aumerous climate indicators including: borehole data; cultural data; glacier advances or retreats; geomorphology; isotopic analysis from 1ake sediments or ice cores, tree or peat celluloses (carbohydrates), corals, stalagmite or biological fossils; net ice accumulation rate, including dust or chemical counts; lake fossils and sediments; river sedim nts; melt layers in ice cores; phenological (recurring natural phenome a in relation to climate) and paleontological fossils; pollen; seafloor sediments; luminescent analysis; tree ring growth, including e ther ring width or maximum late-wood density; and shifting tree li e positions plus tree stumps in lakes, marshes and streams. 'Like forensic detectives, we assembled these series of clues in order to answer a specific question about loc 1 and regional climate change: is there evidence for notable climatic anomalies during particular time periods over the past 1000 years?" Soon says. "The cumulative evidence showed that such anomalies did exist." The worldwide range of climate records confirmed two significant climate periods in the last thousand years, the Little Ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period. The climatic notion of a Little Ice Age interval from 1300 tol900 A.D, and a medieval Warm Period from 800 to 1300 A.D. appears to be rather well-confirmed and wide-sprea , despite some differences from one region to another as measured by ot er climatic variables like precipitation, drought cycles, or glaci r advances and retreats. "For a long time, researchers have possessed anecdotal evidence supporting the existence of these clinate extremes," Baliunas says. "For example, the Vikings established coloni s in Greenland at the beginning of the second millennium that died out several hundred years later when the climate turned colder. And in Engla d, vineyards had flourished during the medieval warmth. Now, we haye an accumulation of objective data to back up these cultural indicators." The different indicators provided clear evidence for a warm period in the Middle Ages. Tree ring summer temperatures showed a warm interval from 950 A.D. to 1100 A.D. in the northern high latitude zones, which corresponds to the 'Medieval Warm Period.", Another database of tree growth from 14 different locations over 30-70 degrees north latitude showed a similar early warm period. many parts of the world show the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. The study - funded by NASA, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad inistration, and the American Petroleum Institute - will be published in the Energy and Environment journal. A shorter paper by Soon and Baliunas appeared in the January 31, 2003 issue of the Climate Research journal. file://D:SEARCH_7-9_03-CEQ061_f~yzgtgooI seq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 3. Page 3 of 13 NOTE TO EDITORS: Photos of key climate indicators are available online at http: /!cfa-www.harvard.edu/presg/pr(310image.html Headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is a Ja!rt collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical observatory End the Harvard College Observatory. CfA scientists organized into six research divisions study the origin, evolution, and ultimate~ fate of the universe. For more information, contact: David Aguilar, Director of Public Affairs Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astroph sics Phone: 617-495-7462 Fax: 617-495-7468 daguilar~cfa .harvard. edu Christine Lafon Public Affairs Specialist Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Phone: 617-495-7463, Fax: 617-495-7016 clafon~cfa .harvard. edu Last modified on Monday, 31-Mar-2003 15:18:29 EST Comments or Questions? Contact pubaffairs~cfa.harvard.edu - attl.htm - imageQO1.gif - image002.gif - image003.gif- image004.gif- image~Os.g ATT CREATION TIME/DATE: 0 00:00:00.00 TEXT: <IDOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//w3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-co :vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-co m:office:office" xmlns:w="urn: schemas-microsoft-com:office:worarr xmlns:stl="urn :schemas-microsoft--com:office:smarttags' xmlns="http://www.w3 .org/TR/REC-html4O 'F> <head> <META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Tye" CONTENT= "text/html; charset=us-ascii"> <meta name=Progld content=Word. Document: <meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 10"> <meta name=Originator content="Microsofi Word 10"> <base href="http://cfa-www.harvard~edu/ ~ress/pr0310.html"> <link rel=File-List href="cid:fi lelist. ,,lc?0C3269A.683D6920"> <link rel=Edit-Time-Data href="cid:edit lata.mso@01C3269A.683D6920"> <!--[if !mso)> <style> v:* {behavior:url(#default#VML) ;} o:* (behavior:url(#default#VyM) ;} w:t (behavior:url(#default#VML) hi *..shape {behavior:url (#default#VML) ; </style> <I [endif]--> <title>Message</title> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office: smarttags" name="time" /> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office:smarttags'I name="`PlaceName" /> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemes-microsoft-com:off ice: smarttags" name=" PlaceType"`/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schemzs-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="City"/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem es-microsoft-com:off ice: smarttags" name=" State"`/> <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schem s-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name=`"date" /> file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061 .fyzgtgoo3_seq~txt 8/14/2003
  • 4. Page 4 of 13 <o:SmartTagType namespaceuri="urn:schenas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"/> <o:SmartTagmype namespaceuri="urn: sche as-microsofl±-com:off ice: smarttags" name="country-region" /> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o: OfficeflocumentSettings> <0o:DoNotRelyOnCSS/> </0: OfficeDocumentSettings> </xmnl><![endif]--><l--[if gte mso 9><xm1> <wWordDocument> <w:SpellingState>Clean</w:SpellingState> <w: GrammarState>Clean</w: GrammarState> <W: DocumtentKind>DocumentEmail</w: Docu entKind> <w:EnvelopeVis/> <w: BrowserLevel>Microsoft~nternetExpl rer4</1w: BrowserLevel> <1w: WordDocument> </xml>cI [endif)---><!--[if Imso]> <style> stl: *{behavior:url(#default#ieooui) I </style> <! [endif]--> <style> /* Style Definitions * p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.NsoNormal (mso-style-parent:"'' margin: Oin; margin-bottom: .OO0lpt; mso-pagination :widow-orphan; font-size:12. Opt; font-family: 'Times New Roman"; 1 mso-fareast-font-family: "Times 4ew Roman" ;) h2 (mso-margin-top-alt :auto; margin-right:OQin; mso-margin-bottom-alt :auto; margin-left:OQin; mso-pagination :widow-orphan; mso-outline-level :2; font-size:18. Opt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight :bold;) a: link, span. msol-yperlink (color:#6B4226; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single;) a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:#6B4226; text-decoration :underline; text-underline :single;}I p {mso-margin-top-alt :auto; margin-right: Oin; mso-margin-bottom-alt :auto; margin-left: Oin; mso-pagination :widow-orphan; font-size:12. Opt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";) span.FEmailStylel8 file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61LLyzgtgOO3 seq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 5. Page 5 of 13 {mso-style-type :personal-reply; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-ansi-font-size: 12. Opt; mso-bidi-font-size:12. Opt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; color :blue; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-underline :none; text-decoration: none; text-line-through:none; I @page Sectionl {size:8.5in 11.Oin; margin:1.Oin l.2Sin 1.Oin 1.251i mso-header-margin:.-5in; mso-footer-margin:.5Sin; mso-paper-source:0;) div. Sectionl {page:Sectionl; I </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions * table. MSONormalTable {mso-style-name: "Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:"" mso-padding-alt:Qin 5.4pt Oin 5 4pt; mso-para-margin:OQin; mso-para-margin-bottom: .OO0lpt; mso-pagination :widow-orphan; font-size:10. Opt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9I><xml> <o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax= '1026" /> </xml><cdendif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xm1> 'co:shapelayout v:ext="~edit"I> <o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="l" /> </o:shapelayout></xmnl>c! [endif] -- > </head> <body bgcolor=white lang=EN-TJS link="#6.4226" vlink="#6B4226" style='tab-interv al: *.5ih'> <div class=Sectionl> <p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face='T-mes New Roman"><span style=' font-size: 12 .Opt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font> /p> <div align=center> file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61LfyzgtgO(3sceq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 6. Page 6 of 13 <table class=NsoNormalTable border=0 ce lpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25i n; mso-cellspacing:1. 5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la-trow:yes'> <td width=75 valign=top, style='width: 6.25pt;padding: .75pt .75pt ..75pt .75pt 1> <p class=MsoNorrnal align=center style= text-align:center'><tont size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style=' f nt-size:12 .Opt'><img width=33 height=38 id=" _xOOOO_11026" src="cid: mageOOl.gif@01IC3269A.683D6920"1 alt="Harvard Shield"><img width=42 he ght=39 id=" _xOOOO_11027" src="cid:image002.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0" alt="Smithsonian Sunburst"I><o:p></o: p></span></font></p> <td width=420 style='width:315.Opt;pa lding:.75pt .75pt .75pt ..75pt'> <p class=MsoNorrnal><stl place><stl:P1 iceName><font size=2 color=darkred face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'>Harvard -Smithsonian</span></font></stl:PlaceNa e><foant size=2 color=darkred><span style=' fo it-size:10.Opt;color:darkred'> </span></ font><stl:PlaceType><foant size=2 color=darkred><span style=' f nt-size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'>Center</s pan></font></stl:PlaceType></stl:place> ,font size=2 color=darkred><span style='fon -size:l0.Opt;color:darkred'> for AStrophysics<br> </span></font><b><font size=5 color=dirkred><span style= 'font-size:18.Opt; color:darkred;font-weight:bold'>Press Release </span></font></b><o:p></o:p></ <I td> </table> <I div> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style=' fan:-size:12.Opt;display:rnone;mso-hide: all'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p- <div align-center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 ce lspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=620 style='width:465.Opt;mso-cellspacing:0 n;mso-padding-alt:Oifl Oin Oin Oin'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la trow:yes'> <td style='padding:Oin Oin Oin Oin'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style 'text-align:center'>•font size=3 face="Tirnes New Roman"><span style='f nt-size:12.Opt'><img width-333 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_1i1028" src="cid: rnageOO3.gif@01C3269A.683D6920" alt="`Cred bar]" border=0><a href="htt ://cfa-www.harvard.edu/"><span style= 'text-decoration:none;text-unde line:none' ><img border=0 width=70 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_±i1029" src="cid: mageOO4.gif@01IC3269A.683D6920" alt=" [CfA Home]" align=top></span></a <a href="http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/newt p/search.htrnl"><span style= 'text-decora tion: none;text-underline:hone'><img borderz0 width=81 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_1030" src="cid:image005.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0" alt=" [CfA Search] " aligrn=top></spa n>< /a><a href="http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/newt p/cfahelp.html"><span style=' text-decor ation: none;text-underline:none' ><img border=0 width=90 height=25 id=" _xOOOO_11031" file://D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61_fyzgtgO 13-eq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 7. Page 7 of 13 src='cid:imageo06.gif@01C3269A.683D69 0' alt=" [CfA Help]l align=top></span> </a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <Itr> <I/table> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style=' ton -size:12 .Opt;display:none;mso-hide: all'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p> <div align=center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 ce lpadding=0 width=600 style='width:6.25i mso-cellspacing:l. 5pt'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-la trow:yesl> <td valign=top style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'> <p class=MsoNormal><b><foflt size=3 fa e="Times New Roman">cspan style='font-size:12 .Opt;font-weight:b ld'>Release No.: 03-l0<br> For Release: </span></font></b>'cstl:dite Month="13' Day="131"1 Year="20031><b><s pan style='font-weight:bold'>March 31, 2 03</span></b></stl:date><b><span style=' font-weight:bold'> </span></b> o:p></o:p></p> <h2 align=center style='text-align:ceater'><b><font size=5 face='Times New Roman"><span style='f nt-size:l8.Opt'>20th Century Climate Not So Hot <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h2> <p><stl:place><stl:City><font size=3 Eace="Times New Roman"><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Cambridge</span></font></stl:City>, <stl:State>MA< /stl:State></stl :place> - A review of more than 200 climate studies led by researchers at the <stl:pl ace><stl: PlaceName>Harvard-Smithsoniafl</stl: PlaceName> <stl :PlaceType>Center</stl :PlaceType></stl :place> for Astrophysics has determined that the 20th century is neither the warmest century nor the century with the most extreme weather of the past 1000 years. The review also confirmed that the Medieval Warm Peniod of 800 to 1300 A.D. and the Little Ice Age of 1300 to 1900 A.D. were worldwide phenomena not limited to the European and North American continent . While 20th century temperatures are much higher than in the Little Ice Age period, many parts of the world show the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. <o:p></o:p>< <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:12 .Opt'>Smithso nian astronomers Willie Soon and Sallie Baliunas, with co-authors Craig Idso and Sherwood Idso (Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change) and David Legates (Center for Climatic Research, University of Delaware), compiled and examined results from more than 240 research papers published by thousands of researchers over the past four decades. Their report, covering a multitude of geophysical and biological climate indicators, provides a detailed look at climate changes that occurred in different regions around the world over the last 1000 years. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roma "><span style=' font-size:12.Opt'>&quot;M any true research advances in reconstructing ancient climates have occurred over file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQO61L~yzgtgO 3seq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 8. Page 8 of 13 the past two decades,&guot; Soon says &quot;so we felt it was time to pull together a large sample of recent stulies from the last 5-10 years and look for patterns of variability and chang . In fact, clear patterns did emerge sh owing that regions worldwide experienced th highs of the Medieval Warm Period and lows of the Little Ice Age, and that 0Oth century temperatures are generally cooler than during the medieval warmt1.&qUot; <o:p></o:p><c/span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Soon and his colleagues concluded that the 20th century is neither the warmest century over the last 1000 years, nor is it the most extreme. Their findings about the pattern of historical china e variations will help make computer climate models simulate both natural ind man-made changes more accurately, and lead to better climate forecasts Especially on local and regional levels. This is especially true in simulation on timescales ranging from several decades to a century. <o:p></o:p>'c/span><c/font></p> <p><u><cfont size=3 face="Times New Rb an'><span style='font-size:l2.0pt'>H~it orical Cold, Warm Periods Verified</span></f nt><c/u> <o:p></o:P></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.Opt >Studyin g climate change is challenging for a nimber of reasons, not the least of which is the bewildering variety of climate indicators - all sensitive to different climatic variables, and each operatin on slightly overlapping yet distinct scales of space and time. For example, tree ring studies can yield yearly records of temperature and precipitation trends, while glacier ice cores record those variables over longer tine scales of several decades to a century. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face='Times New Roman"><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>Soon, Baliunas and colleagues analyzed numerous climate indicators including: borehole data; cultural data; glacier advances or retreats; geomorphology; isotopic analysis from lake sediments or ice cores, tree or peat celluloses (carbohydrates), corals, stalagmite or biological fossils; net ice accumulation rate, including dust or chemical counts; lake fossils and sediments; river sediments; melt layers in ice cores; phenological (recurring natural phenomena in relation to cli ate) and paleontological fossils; pollen; seafloor sediments; luminesc nt analysis; tree ring growth, including either ring width or maximum late-wocd density; and shifting tree line positions plus tree stumps in lakes, marshes and streams. <o:p></o:p></span>< /font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roma '><span style='font-size:12.Optl>&:quot;L ike forensic detectives, we assembled th se series of clues in order to answer a specific question about local and recional climate change: Is there evidence for notable climatic anomalies durnn particular time periods over the past 1000 years?&qubt; Soon says. &quot;Tle cumulative evidence showed that such anomalies did exist.&quot; <o:p></o:j></span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Romai '><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The worldwide range of climate records c nfirmed two significant climate periods in the last thousand years, the Litt .e ice Age and the Medieval Warm Period. file:/D:SEARCHJ79.0OtCEQ06 1_fLyzgtgO 3sceq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 9. Page 9 of 13 The climatic notion of a Little Ice A e interval from 1300 tol900 A.D. and a Medieval Warm Period from 800 to 1300 A.D. appears to be rather well-confirmed and wide-spread. despi e some differences from one region to another as measured by other climatic variables like precipitation, drought cycles, or glacier advances and retre ts. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman'><span style=' font-size:12 .Opt'>&quot;F or a long time, researchers have possess d anecdotal evidence supporting the existence of these climate extremes,&Iuot; Baliunas says. &quot;For example, the Vikings established colonies in < span></font><stl:place>Greenland</stl:p lace> at the beginning of the second millen ium that died out several hundred years later when the climate turned colder. And in <stl:country.-region><stl:place>E ngland</stl :place></stl :country-region> vineyards had flourished during the m dieval warmth. Now, we have an accumulation of objective data to back up these cultural indicators.&quot; <o <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style= font-size:l2 .Opt'>The different indicators provided clear eridence for a warm period in the middle Ages. Tree ring summer temperatures slowed a warm interval from 950 A.D. to 1100 A.D. in the northern high latitule zones, which corresponds to the &quot;Medieval Warm Period.&quot; Ano her database of tree growth from 14 different locations over 30-70 degree; north latitude showed a similar early warm period. Many parts of the world 3how the medieval warmth to be greater than that of the 20th century. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p><font size=3 face='Times New Roman'><span style=1font-size:12 .Opt'>The study - funded by NASA, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admi istration, and the American Petroleum Institute - will be published in the Vnergy and Environment journal. A shorter paper by Soon and Baliunas ap eared in the </span></font><stl:date Month="l' Day=1311 Year="2003'1>Januar 31, 2003</stl:date> issue of the Climate Research journal. <o:p></o:p> /p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style=1font-size:l2 .Opt'>N0TE TO EDITORS: Photos of key climate indica ors are available online at <a href="http: //cfa-www.harvard.edu/pres /pro3lOimage.html">http://cfa-www. .harv ard. edu/press/pro3l~image .html</a> <o :p></o :p><lspan></font></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman'><span style= font-size:12.Opt'>Headqua rtered in </span></font><stl:place><stl:City Cambridge</stl:City>, <stl:State>Massac husetts</stl :State><c/stl :place>, the <stl:place><stl :PlaceName>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl:PlaceName> <stl: PlaceT ype>Center</stl: PlaceType></stl :place> for Astrophysics (CfA) is a joint collaboration between the Smithsonian Astrophysical observatory and the H-arvard College Observatory. CfA scientists organized into six research divisions study the origin, evolution, and ultimate fate of the universe. <o:p></o:p></p> <p><u><font size=3 face='Times New Ronan"><span style=' font-size:12 .0pt'>For more information, contact</span></font></u>: <o:p></o:p></p> <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style= font-size:12 .0pt'>David Aguilar, Director of Public Affairs<br> file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061...fyzgtgo 3%Ceq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 10. Page 10 of 13 </span></font><stl:place><stl:PlaceNa ae>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl:PlaceName> < stil:PlaceType>Center</stl:PlaceType></s 1l:place> for Astrophysics<br> Phone: 617-495-7462 Fax: 617-495-7468 <br> <a href=tmailto:daguilar~cfa.harvard. du">daguilar~cfa.harvard.edu</a> <o:p>< <p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman '><span style= font-size:12 .Opt'>Christi ne Lafon<br> Public Affairs Specialist<br> </span></font><stl :place><stl :PlaceNa ae>Harvard-Smithsonian</stl :PlaceNamne> < stil:PlaceType>Center</stl :PlaceType></s 1l:place> for AStrophysics<br> Phone: 617-495-7463, Fax: 617-495-7015<br> <a href=rmailto:clafonc~cfa.harvard.ed ">clafon~cfa.harvard.edu</a> <o:p>'c/o:p </ table> <I div> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center'><i><font size=2 face='Times New Roman"><span style=' fon -size:l0.Opt;font-style:italic '>Last modified on Monday, 31-llar-2003 </span>c/font></i><stl:time Hour="15" Minute='18"><i><font size=2>cspan style='font-size:10.Opt;font-style:italic'>15 :18:29 EST</span></font></i></stl:time><i><fo t size=2><span style='font-size:10.Opt; font-style:italic'> </span></font></i>< :p></o:p></p> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style=' ext-align:center1><i><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span style='fton --size:10.Opt;font-style:italic'>Comment S or Questions? Contact <a href="Mailto:p baffairs~cfa.harvard.edu">pubaffairs~cf a .harvard. edu<!a> </span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p> </body> </html> -- --- END ATTACHMENT 1I= -- --- ATTACHMENT 2 ==----- ATT CREATION TIME/DATE: 0 00:00:00.00 TEXT: Unable to convert NSREOPO1O3:[ATTACH.D4B]SREOP013000TGZY.002 to ASCII, The following is a HEX DUMP: 47494638396121002600F7000071575826020464494B927B7E938B8F462F348B757A473E403104 0FlB030967001C330B168D6C75550019290912642C3C875B6833252985656E7300244A00186514 2E4615245A2032713B4C7A586381002C6B00246300226308276C34478044597944567E6C725F53 5796939483003176002A3C00167C012D35021570092F5308245All2C7927446B2A413A18249483 89B3A0A7AE9DA38600337D003177002D70002A8 013572012D6B012A8303346602287606327306 3173062F6A0D32380AlC6613346D203D601D377B3A538500368300378000347E00347A0032860l 397601318002377B023482033685043A7D04373902196C062F7C0838710B34340518630C2F6A~l file:/D:SEARCH_7_9_03_CEQ061LfyzgtgO 3sceq.txt 8/14/2003
  • 11. Message Page 1 of 3 NS Harvard -Smithsonian Center for i strophysics s Press Release rn- fred barlr [CfA ri [CfA r CAen Release No.: 03-10 For Release: ftIr.J 31, 2603 that 20th eenturyqneitite~t then az net, enll 3 eentury wth.heaJ norl thea stc teal wenthr U0yas oftheps h ,1 i--FttidtitteMdea n Perod F 80 t as0 A.Bl. and tLe 1tt te g F10 o+0 AD teo rdi phntnni t 1000imte 0 to the EtpfltnJ d Atei-l TLrLh e ±ent in .Whl 20t eentrytetpeatresaret~tehhiherhi in the. -4tl le Ageqpeio, ln~Z. ptrts fiel et/D:iERC_79_03_C iedeQO6it!yzgtg oO) graeqOO lhtmltito nt h 0hcn 8/1420
  • 12. Message Page 2 of 3 Soon, and eelleagues Hikhtmiks ttnitLMiJn0a0te nitkt Z ftlulding:...J 5 rA hot.e.Jtle d ttittit... diitt g eie .. .. it tt.. 0 :t, a.O. Mkft. 5 t.z goi IX. ~;t:Gp 0 is ''L :i.sq poln set~tflo .edimnts. . .... . 0 ...z.,f tree ring gr'wh, inealY dtn "E ike weansesa ! iesezserie detCe..Lrvd, L.eni t thz eit.. order ana Cwer-*k i to speeifie J a1e1ti itotoetanreineinfeelag;1 h eeideeFt tbe elitafi itkonalis arteti d~t ng Cpa.. -t.et fai tog WOO yIL s II Soo and fie:IDS. TeARCH_7_9_03_CyietteQO6 3steq0001.hwtmli wedyzgtg 8/14/2003.
  • 13. Page 3 of 3 Message D.. idAp-.Ja., Di eeS of PIblz Affatir A. Phone.. 617 495 ~7462F.614974 dag"H:a& @e~thfp.Lp a J.e.t. AnjAV Ptubiez AffaXr0 ~iL tSfeeiApt JPhm.e.. 61:7 495 7463-, F.~. 1 495 71 Last modifWed on Mondoy 31-Mar-2003 15 :18:29 EST Comment s or Questions? Contact Pi1 gJJ~nf•J.lwnurd~edt 8/14/2003 file://D:SEARCH-7-9-03 CEQO61_t~yzgtg O3sceqSO00l.htmI