Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, refers to a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on November 9-10, 1938. It was prompted by the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jewish man. During the riots, Nazis attacked Jewish people, synagogues, homes and businesses. Over 1,000 synagogues were destroyed, 7,500 Jewish businesses were damaged and 91 Jews were killed. In the aftermath, Jews lost citizenship, 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to concentration camps, and Jews faced further legal persecution and discrimination. Kristallnacht marked a major escalation of Nazi violence against Jews and is widely seen as the start of the Holocaust.
A slide show for the Sunday I\'ve dedicated to "kristallnacht commemoration." The slide show is best viewed with Hallelujah by Leonard Cohen playing in the background. First shown at the Unitarian Church, Davenport, November 2006.
A slide show for the Sunday I\'ve dedicated to "kristallnacht commemoration." The slide show is best viewed with Hallelujah by Leonard Cohen playing in the background. First shown at the Unitarian Church, Davenport, November 2006.
A PowerPoint presentation on the beginnings of the Holocaust, including information about the rise of Hitler, the Nuremberg Laws, and the events of Kristallnacht.
A PowerPoint presentation on the beginnings of the Holocaust, including information about the rise of Hitler, the Nuremberg Laws, and the events of Kristallnacht.
Brief Biography of Martin NiemöllerMartin Niemöller (pronounce.docxhartrobert670
Brief Biography of Martin Niemöller
Martin Niemöller (pronounced Nee-mū-ler), born in 1892, served in the German navy as a Uboat
commander during World War I. He was ordained as a Lutheran pastor in 1924 and showed
early enthusiasm for Adolf Hitler’s ideas for the rebuilding of the German nation. But once
Hitler came to power in 1933, Niemöller quickly became a critic of the Nazi leader’s militant
and anti-Semitic actions and his attacks on the Protestant churches in Germany. Niemöller,
along with other like-minded religious leaders—most famously Dietrich Bonhoeffer—formed a
resistance movement called the Confessional Church. These leaders preached against Hitler and
Nazism in the mid and late 1930s as WWII loomed. Hitler, seeking to silence any opposition,
ordered the leaders of the Confessional Church arrested and sent to concentration camps.
Niemöller was arrested in 1937 by Nazi authorities and sent first to Sachsenhausen and then to
Dachau concentration camp. He stayed imprisoned until he was liberated by the Allies in the
spring of 1945.
Soon after the war, Niemöller helped compose the “Stuttgart Confession of Guilt,”
acknowledging the German people’s collective guilt for the Holocaust. From 1961-1968 he
served as President of the World Council of Churches. Throughout the rest of his life he
preached reconciliation and disarmament. Martin Niemöller died in 1984.
Niemöller’s Famous Statement (Poem)
“In Germany they came first for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I
wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because
I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't
speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time no
one was left to speak up.”
--Martin Niemöller, 1945
Although Niemöller and other Germans actively preached and campaigned against Nazism in the
1930s, millions of others did nothing or actively supported Hitler as he consolidated his power
and spread oppression and murder across Europe. Niemöller’s stirring quote was a statement
aimed at all Germans for allowing such things to happen. His eloquent words soon became
synonymous with the struggles of individual and national consciences everywhere, as the world
came to recognize the enormous horrors of the Holocaust and the other atrocities of WWII.
Today a debate about collective guilt during WWII still rages amongst academics and in the
popular media. Even today, Niemöller’s words have meaning. They are often altered to fit differing political or social agendas, but they stand as a universal call for social action and solidarity and vigilance in the face of oppression and injustice.
THE HOLOCAUST AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and their collaborators as a central act of state during World War II. In 1933 approx ...
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. The Assassination of Ernst Vom Rath
● A 17-year-old named Herschel Grynszpan shot Ernst Vom
Rath by mistake
● Herschel wanted to shoot the german ambassador of france
● Rath was a German Embassy official stationed in Paris,
France
● He died two days later on November 9, 1938 because of his
wounds
● His death was the reason why Kristallnacht started
● Hitler attended his funeral
3. Kristallnacht is a wave of violence of anti Jewish
attacks that resulted in broken glass from the homes
and businesses living in the street of Germany.
German officials blamed Kristallnacht on public
sentiment.
What is Kristallnacht?
4. ● In 1938 in Germany ,German citizens rioted and burned
down Jewish businesses and homes
● Local firefighters were ordered by Hitler to make sure that
the fire didn't spread to non Jewish buildings
● The buildings burned through the night in full view of the
public and Jews
● They also used explosives on Jewish homes and property
● In the aftermath there were increased reports of rape
5. What does the name mean
● Kristallnacht owes its name to the shards of
shattered glass that lined German streets in the
wake of the pogrom
● Broken glass from the windows of synagogues,
homes and Jewish owned business plundered
and destroyed during the violence littered the
streets
6. The aftermath
● After Kristallnacht Jews lost their citizenship
● 30,000 men were arrested and taken to Nazi concentration camps
● 91 +people died that night
● Germans too
7. Jews in Germany in 1933-42
● A law was passed to take away citizenship from Jews
● Jews were forbidden to marry non Jews
● Business were confiscated and jobs lost
8. What did the news say about it?
● USA newspapers across the country covered the Nazi assault on Jews in
front page banner headlines
● Articles about the event continued to appear for several weeks
● No other story about the persecution of the Jews reached widespread and
sustained attention from the American press at any other time during the Nazi
era
9. What did the news say about it part 2
● Germans blocked images of Kristallnacht from reaching newspapers in the
USA
● However Life Magazine was able to publish some photographs in its
November,1938 issue
● This event is one of the most significant events in SAP history
10. What was a Nazi soldier
Nazi is short for nationalsozialist
Nazies wore a red piece of cloth on their uniform that had the Nazi party symbol
13. Interesting facts
Kristallnacht was the first time Nazi’s launched a attack on Jews
During the night of broken glass 267 synagogues were destroyed in Austria,Germany
and Sudetenland
German leaders started to use the night of broken glass to introduce rules that would
help remove the Jews
16. Work cited
Works Cited
Fitzgerald, Stephanie. Kristallnacht , the Night of Broken Glass. Minneapolis, Compass books, 2008.
history.com. A&E network, www.history.com/topics/holocaust/kristallnacht. Accessed 11 Mar. 2019.
Holocaust and Humanity .Org. www.holocaustandhumanity.org/kristallnacht/events-leading-up-to-kristallnacht/. Accessed 11 Mar.
2019.
"kristallnacht." The Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum,
encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/kristallnacht. Accessed 8 Mar. 2019.
Mara, Wil. Kristallnacht. New York, Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.
---. Kristallnacht: Nazi Persecution of the Jews in Europe. New York, Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010.
YouTube.com. Google.com, 9 Nov. 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=6S_ml46shkc. Accessed 11 Mar. 2019.
17. Who did this
Slides by Jonah and Kenny
Video found by Jonah
Research by Kenny and Jonah
Notes by Jonah and kenny
Photos found by Jonah and Kenny
Copyright 2019 Howard Production
