The document provides an overview of various industrial networking standards for connecting devices in automation applications. It discusses both serial-based standards like Modbus RTU, CANopen, and DeviceNet, as well as Ethernet-based standards including Modbus TCP, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP and Profinet. For each standard, it describes the key characteristics like maximum speed, number of supported nodes, implementation cost, and major industry adopters. It also discusses factors to consider when choosing and implementing a fieldbus standard, such as distributed intelligence, paid conformance programs, and step and direction control interfaces.
How you shouldn't just look at IP technologies in broadcast but also look at how off-the-shelf IT equipment can be used. Presented at NAB BEITC Engage! 2017
Link labs 2 g 3g cdma transition webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses what to expect from the end-of-life of several cellular technologies, how companies can avoid being caught without a transition plan, and how business and product leaders can leverage this potential disruption as an opportunity to build a new Internet of Things (IoT) strategy.
How you shouldn't just look at IP technologies in broadcast but also look at how off-the-shelf IT equipment can be used. Presented at NAB BEITC Engage! 2017
Link labs 2 g 3g cdma transition webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses what to expect from the end-of-life of several cellular technologies, how companies can avoid being caught without a transition plan, and how business and product leaders can leverage this potential disruption as an opportunity to build a new Internet of Things (IoT) strategy.
Asset Tracking and Location Technologies for Internet of ThingsBrian Ray
Positioning in the Internet of Things. How location technology works and the use cases that are driving adoption.
- Use Cases: Asset Tracking, Real Time Location Systems, Asset Management
- How GPS Works
- Time based location
- Proximity location technologies
- Using WiFi for Position
- Tradeoffs in performance, power, and cost
- Keys to building a successful location product
LAN Design : Network Requirements : Planning : ImplementationSubhajit Sahu
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.[1] By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits.
Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks. Historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token ring, and AppleTalk.
The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.[2][3]
Link labs LTE-M NB-IOT Hype Webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses common misconceptions about LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT), as well as how business and product leaders can use these transformative technologies to deliver value to their customers, while avoiding some of the pitfalls companies face when embarking on this journey.
In this Webinar we will cover:
What are the key features and benefits of LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT?
What is the state of devices and network availability today?
How do the various low-power modes work (PSM, eDRX, and vendor-specific), and how can they be used in my application?
What are some of the risks and challenges of developing a product with one of these technologies?
How much do these devices cost? What do the data plans look like?
What is in store for the future with 2G and 3G sunsets (both CDMA and GSM) and the emergence of 5G?
Link labs 2G 3G CDMA transition webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses what to expect from the end-of-life of several cellular technologies, how companies can avoid being caught without a transition plan, and how business and product leaders can leverage this potential disruption as an opportunity to build a new Internet of Things (IoT) strategy.
A webinar discussing the costs associated with building an internet of things solution with various LPWAN technologies: LTE-M, NB-IOT, Ingenu, Sigfox, and more. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions are also considered.
9.) audio video ethernet (avb cobra net dante)Jeff Green
Replacing a crossbar switch with ‘virtual’ IP packet switching - The ability to expand video-over-IP systems ‘one piece at a time’ and the decentralized nature of the matrix makes the technology very compelling for any size or scope of AV project.. AV-over-IP is the transport of AV signals over a standard Ethernet network, including…
HD Video (e.g. HDMI, DVI)
Audio
Control Signals (e.g. IR)
Peripheral Signals (e.g. USB)
Does Dante require special switches? No. We strongly recommend that Gigabit switches be used due to the clear advantages in performance and scalability.
Does Dante require a dedicated network infrastructure? No, a dedicated network infrastructure is not required. Dante-enabled devices can happily coexist with other equipment making use of the network, such as general purpose PCs sending and receiving email and other data.
Does Dante require any special network infrastructure? No, special network infrastructure is not required. Since Dante is based upon universally accepted networking standards, Dante-enabled devices can be connected using inexpensive off-the-shelf Ethernet switches and cabling.
What features are important when purchasing a switch? Dante makes use of standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service (QoS) switch features, to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other network traffic. VoIP QoS features are available in a variety of inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet switches. Any switches with the following features should be appropriate for use with Dante:
Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections
Quality of Service (QoS) with 4 queues
Diffserv (DSCP) QoS, with strict priority
Totally new to AV over IT? This may help. If you have worked with any of the popular protocols, your time is better spent in other sessions. AV over IT methods vary in application of OSI model. Audio Networking - One RJ45 and CAT5 cable for dozens of signal paths. Switches can provide hardware time stamping which allows synchronization, offsets, and corrections. All covered in IEEE 1588.
Ethernet Timing & Priority Standards - All audio over Ethernet protocols require Priority, Sequence, & Sync
Differentiated Services / Quality of Service (DiffServ, QoS)
Priority by data type (Clock Sync and Audio Packets over Email)
Traffic prioritized based upon tags in IP Header (Layer 3)
Priority number assigned by manage switch to each packet
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Keeps data sequenced in the right order
Time stamp on UDP header
Works with RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) for QoS and Sync
Variation: RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) works on TCP and not UDP
Does not reserve resources or provide for quality of service
Precision Timing Protocol (PTP)
IEEE 1588
Sub-microsecond accuracy to synchronize subnets
Layer 2 - Switches provide hardware-based time stamping
The latest high speed cable used by apple which was manufactured by Intel. It was initially called as light peak and the latest model known as alphine ridge
Harvard HPC Seminar Series
Theresa Kaltz, PhD, High Performance Technical Computing, FAS, Harvard
Due to the wide availability and low cost of high speed networking, commodity clusters have become the de facto standard for building high performance parallel computing systems. This talk will introduce the leading technology for high speed interconnects called Infiniband and compare its deployment and performance to Ethernet. In addition, some emerging interconnect technologies and trends in cluster networking will be discussed.
An IoT13 presentation showcasing promising companies in the internet of things. Thomas Nicholls outlines the beautifully simple way that Sigfox sets out to enable the Internet of Things
Asset Tracking and Location Technologies for Internet of ThingsBrian Ray
Positioning in the Internet of Things. How location technology works and the use cases that are driving adoption.
- Use Cases: Asset Tracking, Real Time Location Systems, Asset Management
- How GPS Works
- Time based location
- Proximity location technologies
- Using WiFi for Position
- Tradeoffs in performance, power, and cost
- Keys to building a successful location product
LAN Design : Network Requirements : Planning : ImplementationSubhajit Sahu
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.[1] By contrast, a wide area network (WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves leased telecommunication circuits.
Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks. Historical network technologies include ARCNET, Token ring, and AppleTalk.
The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.[2][3]
Link labs LTE-M NB-IOT Hype Webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses common misconceptions about LTE Cat-M1 and Cat-NB1 (NB-IoT), as well as how business and product leaders can use these transformative technologies to deliver value to their customers, while avoiding some of the pitfalls companies face when embarking on this journey.
In this Webinar we will cover:
What are the key features and benefits of LTE Cat-M1 and NB-IoT?
What is the state of devices and network availability today?
How do the various low-power modes work (PSM, eDRX, and vendor-specific), and how can they be used in my application?
What are some of the risks and challenges of developing a product with one of these technologies?
How much do these devices cost? What do the data plans look like?
What is in store for the future with 2G and 3G sunsets (both CDMA and GSM) and the emergence of 5G?
Link labs 2G 3G CDMA transition webinar slidesBrian Ray
Join us as Link Labs VP of Business Development and Cellular IoT Product Director, Glenn Schatz, discusses what to expect from the end-of-life of several cellular technologies, how companies can avoid being caught without a transition plan, and how business and product leaders can leverage this potential disruption as an opportunity to build a new Internet of Things (IoT) strategy.
A webinar discussing the costs associated with building an internet of things solution with various LPWAN technologies: LTE-M, NB-IOT, Ingenu, Sigfox, and more. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) solutions are also considered.
9.) audio video ethernet (avb cobra net dante)Jeff Green
Replacing a crossbar switch with ‘virtual’ IP packet switching - The ability to expand video-over-IP systems ‘one piece at a time’ and the decentralized nature of the matrix makes the technology very compelling for any size or scope of AV project.. AV-over-IP is the transport of AV signals over a standard Ethernet network, including…
HD Video (e.g. HDMI, DVI)
Audio
Control Signals (e.g. IR)
Peripheral Signals (e.g. USB)
Does Dante require special switches? No. We strongly recommend that Gigabit switches be used due to the clear advantages in performance and scalability.
Does Dante require a dedicated network infrastructure? No, a dedicated network infrastructure is not required. Dante-enabled devices can happily coexist with other equipment making use of the network, such as general purpose PCs sending and receiving email and other data.
Does Dante require any special network infrastructure? No, special network infrastructure is not required. Since Dante is based upon universally accepted networking standards, Dante-enabled devices can be connected using inexpensive off-the-shelf Ethernet switches and cabling.
What features are important when purchasing a switch? Dante makes use of standard Voice over IP (VoIP) Quality of Service (QoS) switch features, to prioritize clock sync and audio traffic over other network traffic. VoIP QoS features are available in a variety of inexpensive and enterprise Ethernet switches. Any switches with the following features should be appropriate for use with Dante:
Gigabit ports for inter-switch connections
Quality of Service (QoS) with 4 queues
Diffserv (DSCP) QoS, with strict priority
Totally new to AV over IT? This may help. If you have worked with any of the popular protocols, your time is better spent in other sessions. AV over IT methods vary in application of OSI model. Audio Networking - One RJ45 and CAT5 cable for dozens of signal paths. Switches can provide hardware time stamping which allows synchronization, offsets, and corrections. All covered in IEEE 1588.
Ethernet Timing & Priority Standards - All audio over Ethernet protocols require Priority, Sequence, & Sync
Differentiated Services / Quality of Service (DiffServ, QoS)
Priority by data type (Clock Sync and Audio Packets over Email)
Traffic prioritized based upon tags in IP Header (Layer 3)
Priority number assigned by manage switch to each packet
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Keeps data sequenced in the right order
Time stamp on UDP header
Works with RTCP (Real Time Control Protocol) for QoS and Sync
Variation: RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) works on TCP and not UDP
Does not reserve resources or provide for quality of service
Precision Timing Protocol (PTP)
IEEE 1588
Sub-microsecond accuracy to synchronize subnets
Layer 2 - Switches provide hardware-based time stamping
The latest high speed cable used by apple which was manufactured by Intel. It was initially called as light peak and the latest model known as alphine ridge
Harvard HPC Seminar Series
Theresa Kaltz, PhD, High Performance Technical Computing, FAS, Harvard
Due to the wide availability and low cost of high speed networking, commodity clusters have become the de facto standard for building high performance parallel computing systems. This talk will introduce the leading technology for high speed interconnects called Infiniband and compare its deployment and performance to Ethernet. In addition, some emerging interconnect technologies and trends in cluster networking will be discussed.
An IoT13 presentation showcasing promising companies in the internet of things. Thomas Nicholls outlines the beautifully simple way that Sigfox sets out to enable the Internet of Things
Dell Networking’s Unified Network Architecture enables customers to build campus networks in a new way. The C9010 and C1048P convert your entire Enterprise network into a single switching entity, simplifying initial configuration and on-going operational aspects. Learn more: http://dell.to/1WtTO33
Maximizing High-Performance Applications with CAN BusICS
CAN Bus offers speed, reliability and flexibility at an affordable cost, which makes it perfect for embedded applications requiring budget-friendly multi-processor communication. This brand-new ICS webinar offers an introduction to CAN Bus, and is directed at developers with no previous experience with CAN Bus or related technologies.
Maximizing High Performance Applications with CAN BusJanel Heilbrunn
CAN Bus offers speed, reliability and flexibility at an affordable cost, which makes it perfect for embedded applications requiring budget-friendly multi-processor communication. This brand-new ICS webinar offers an introduction to CAN Bus, and is directed at developers with no previous experience with CAN Bus or related technologies.
NXP FRDM-K64F Platform with ARM mbed Demo - Edinburgh 2016 WorkshopOpen Mobile Alliance
OMA hosted a Workshop in Edinburgh on Friday, May 06, where field engineer Hannes Tschofenig, Senior Principal Engineer at ARM, showed attendees how to use the LwM2M protocol on FRMDM-K64F boards, designed by NXP in collaboration with mbed, to connect to the mbed cloud service (formally known mbed Connector) and to the Leshan server.
This presentation is a part of the Workshop Agenda:
9:15-9:30 Opening Remarks and Brief Overview of LWM2M
9:30-10:30 Demo of the Arduino Yun by HOP Ubiquitous
10:30-10:45 Demo of the LwM2M Editor Tool and DevKit
11:00-15:00 NXP FRDM-K64F Platform with ARM mbed demo
See more here: https://github.com/OpenMobileAlliance/OMA_LwM2M_for_Developers/wiki/2016-May-IoT-Platform-Training-%28Workshop%29
An in-depth look at all the products and services that ICP DAS USA will be offering in the year 2020. The types of products we have on offer include: remote I/O data acquisition modules in a wide variety of protocols and specifications, industrial controllers, PACs, PLCs, ruggedized touchscreen displays and panel PCs, SCADA & HMI software, data loggers and data logging software, power meters, gateways, converters, power supplies, and much more.
Presentation I gave at the NVTel show in August of 2012 to small, rural, telcos. Discussed the advantages of moving to a converged network using IP/MPLS.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. A Connected World
• Buy a phone or tablet you expect connectivity
• Your phone can connect to a cell tower, the internet, GPS
satellites, the audio system in your car, and your TV set
• If your car isn’t on the internet, your next one will be.
Already devices within are on CAN bus
• By 2020 it is expected that 50 billion devices will be
interconnected. My phone can talk to the thermostat in my
home right now.
3. Connectivity in Automation
Devices in the automation world also need to talk
• To gather information from sensors
• And send control signal to actuators
Communication standards are essential
• Hardware & software defined protocols
• Get the data there
• Be sure it got there
• Know what it means to both ends
4. Connectivity in Automation
There are dozens of industrial networking standards
• If you’re starting an application, how do you choose?
• If you are planning to build products, which networks will bring
the most success?
• Let’s compare and contrast the most popular industrial networks
• And hopefully learn enough to make an informed choice of
which to use
5. Serial versus Ethernet
Most popular industrial networks started out on serial bus
• 1970’s and 1980’s
• RS-485 or CAN were available at the time to serve as the
physical layer: the wires, connectors and IC’s the network is
built on
6. Serial versus Ethernet
Rapid growth of Ethernet in office nets
• Drove Ethernet costs down, speed up
• Serial bits rates: 9.6k to 12Mbits/sec
• Ethernet: 100 – 1000 Mbits/sec
• 32 bit IP addressing allows practically unlimited number of
nodes
• 16 bit ports allow multiple protocols to “share the wire”
• Most fieldbus standards were adapted to Ethernet in early
2000’s
7. Serial versus Ethernet
Many popular serial protocols have been updated to run on
Ethernet
• Modbus/RTU Modbus/TCP
• DeviceNet EtherNet/IP
• CANopen EtherCAT COE
• Profibus Profinet
• CC-Link CC-Link IE
8. Serial versus Ethernet
Why migrate to Ethernet?
• More speed
• More nodes
• Mixed protocols on same net
Host
Slave Device
IP 192.168.0.10
UDP
TCP port
502
Modbus Application
Slave Device
IP 192.168.0.20
UDP port
2222
TCP port
EtherNet/IP Application
9. Serial versus Ethernet
• The Industrial Ethernet market is growing by 22% annually
• Serial is growing just 4%
HMS Industrial Networks
48%
46%
6%
Worldwide Industrial Network Usage
Serial
Ethernet
Wireless
10. Serial Based Networks
HMS Industrial Networks
29%
14%
12%
8%
10%
27%
Relative Popularity of Serial Protocols
Profibus
Modbus RTU
CC-link
DeviceNet
CANopen
Other
11. Ethernet Based Networks
HMS Industrial Networks
24%
24%
15%
9%
28%
Relative Popularity of Ethernet Protocols
EtherNet/IP
Profinet
EtherCAT
Modbus TCP
Other
12. Geography
• North America
• Rockwell: DeviceNet, EtherNet/IP
• Galil, Trio, National Instruments, CTC: EtherCAT
• Europe
• Siemens: Profibus, Profinet
• Beckhoff: EtherCAT
• Asia
• Mitsubishi: CC Link
• Modbus is used everywhere
There is much fragmentation: Choose wisely or choose all
13. Typical Ethernet Model
• 5 Layers:
UDP TCP
Application
Transport layer
Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Ethernet
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Application layer
14. Modbus RTU
• Introduced by Modicon, a PLC maker, in 1979.
• First popular industrial network.
• Ubiquitous, easy to use, cheap.
• Reliable but not fast: 9.6k to 115k bits/sec.
• Tames RS-485 which is otherwise a less than reliable medium
• Good communication standard but not specialized for
applications
• Standard organization: The Modbus Organization
15. • RS-232 is point to point so only one slave device can connect
Modbus RTU Typical Network
Host
TX
RX
Slave Device
16. • RS-485 allows multiple devices to share the network.
• All devices share a parallel, two wire bidirectional bus
• Up to 247 devices, depending on manufacturer
• Most RS-485 transceivers limit the number of nodes to 32
Modbus RTU Typical Network
Host
Slave Device
TX/RX+
TX/RX-
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
17. • RS-485 can also be implemented as a four wire network.
• Modbus is inherently half duplex so using four wires does not increase
network bandwidth
• Modbus masters always wait for a response (or a time out) before
sending another message
Modbus RTU Typical Network
Host
Slave Device
TX-
RX+
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
RX-
TX+
18. • Simple and low cost
• Most DSP and MCU have built-in UARTs, making Modbus designs
incredibly simple and affordable
CPU
Modbus RTU Physical Layer
UART Transceiver network
19. Modbus TCP
• Introduced in 1999 by Schneider Electric
• Runs on standard Ethernet TCP/IP
• more speed (1000x), more devices on the wire
• Can share the network with other protocols and standard
TCP/IP traffic
20. • IPv4 allows nearly unlimited addressing (232 devices)
• A typical subnet would be limited to 28 or 216 devices
Typical Modbus TCP Network
Host
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
Ethernet Switch
21. • IPv4 allows nearly unlimited addressing (232 devices)
• A typical subnet would be limited to 28 or 216 devices
Modbus TCP Dual Port Network
Host
Slave Device
CAT5 or CAT6 cabling
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
22. Modbus TCP Physical Layer
• MAC/PHY can be built into CPU – very common in ARM processors –
simple, low cost
• Magjack includes transformers and RJ-45 jack
• For harsh environments, M12 connectors can be used with separate
magnetics
CPU MAC Magjack networkPHY
23. Modbus TCP Physical Layer (Dual Port)
• Dual port Ethernet provides a “daisy chain” network
• Eliminates Ethernet switches
• Useful where a star topology is inconvenient
CPU MAC
3 port
switch
from previous nodePHY Magjack
to next nodePHY Magjack
24. CANopen
• Introduced in 1995
• Standards body: CAN in Automation (CiA)
• Many things defined by standards
• CIA301 – communication
• CIA402 – motion
• Standards improve but do not guarantee interoperability.
• Example: CIA402 object 606C is motor actual velocity
• But scaling is not defined. Could be RPM, steps/sec, etc.
25. • All devices share a parallel, two wire bidirectional bus
• Up to 127 devices
CANopen Typical Network
Host
Slave Device
CAN H
CAN L
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
26. CANopen Physical Layer
• Simple and low cost
• Many DSP and MCU have built-in CAN controllers, making CANopen
hardware designs inexpensive
CPU CAN controller Transceiver network
27. EtherCAT COE
• Introduced in 2003 by Beckhoff
• Same issue as CANopen but very real time, intelligent.
• To make up for loose standards definition, devices get “baked
in”. Partnering, pay to play
• EtherCAT is opening up.
• Not long ago, the only solution was strapping a Beckhoff ASIC to a
processor.
• Now you can get alternate EtherCAT slave controllers
• Or ARM processors with built-in EtherCAT hardware
28. • Up to 65,535 nodes
Typical EtherCAT Network
Host
Slave Device
CAT5e or CAT6 cabling
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
29. EtherCAT Physical Layer
• Always dual port, no external switches
• Slave node: large footprint design, relatively expensive
CPU
Magjack Incoming trafficPHY
Magjack Outgoing traffic
EtherCAT ASIC
Parallel bus
PHY
MII
MII
30. DeviceNet
• Developed by Allen-Bradley (now Rockwell)
• Introduced in 1994
• Uses CIP protocol on CAN physical and data link layers
• Low cost to implement
• Many DSP’s and MCU’s have built-in CAN controllers
• Can transceivers are widely available and inexpensive
31. • All devices share a parallel, two wire bidirectional bus
• Up to 127 devices
DeviceNet Typical Network
Host
Slave Device
CAN H
CAN L
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
32. DeviceNet Model
CIP Protocol
Transport layerDeviceNet Transport
CAN
DeviceNet Physical
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Slave Device Application
Application layer
33. DeviceNet Physical Layer
• Simple and low cost
• Many DSP and MCU have built-in CAN controllers, making DeviceNet
hardware designs inexpensive
CPU CAN controller Transceiver network
34. EtherNet/IP
• Developed by Allen-Bradley (now Rockwell)
• Introduced in 2001
• Standards organization: ODVA
• Runs on standard Ethernet
• Uses Common Industrial Protocol (CIP)
• Uses TCP transport for explicit messages
• UDP for fast, cyclical implicit messaging
35. • IPv4 allows nearly unlimited addressing (232 devices)
• A typical subnet would be limited to 28 or 216 devices
Typical EtherNet/IP Network
Host
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
Ethernet Switch
Dual port solutions
are also popular
36. EtherNet/IP Network Model
UDP/TCP
CIP Protocol
Transport layer
Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Ethernet
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
EtherNet/IP
Slave Device Application
Application layer
37. EtherNet/IP Physical Layer
• MAC/PHY can be built into CPU – very common in ARM processors –
simple, low cost
• Magjack includes transformers and RJ-45 jack
• For harsh environments, M12 connectors can be used with separate
magnetics
CPU MAC Magjack networkPHY
Dual port solutions
are also popular
38. Profibus DP
• Devised in Germany in 1987
• Primary controller: Siemens
• Popular in Europe
• Enhanced RS-485 physical layer
• Speeds to 12 Mbits
• Requires ASIC for data link layer
39. • Enhanced RS-485 allows multiple devices to share the network at high
speeds
• All devices share a parallel, two wire bidirectional bus
• Up to 32 devices per segment
Profibus DP Typical Network
Host
Slave Device
TX/RX+
TX/RX-
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
40. Profibus DP Network Model
DPVx Protocol
FDL
Enhanced RS-485
Data link layer
Physical layer
Slave Device Application
Application layer
41. • At least one ARM CPU is available with a built-in Profibus
subsystem,
• eliminates need for ASIC
• eliminates potential need for parallel bus
Profibus DP Physical Layer
Profibus
ASIC
Enhanced RS-485
Transceiver
network
Parallel or SPI bus
CPU
42. Profinet IO
• Introduced in 2003 by PI working group
• PI North America is standards organization
• Built on standard Ethernet
• Uses UDP and TCP transport
• Can “share the wire” with other protocols
43. Profinet IO Typical Network
• Thousands of nodes are possible
Host
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
Ethernet Switch
44. Profinet IO Network Model
TCPUDP Transport layer
Internet Protocol
Ethernet
Ethernet
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer
Profinet IO
Slave Device Application
Application layer
46. Summary
serial bus Ethernet
Modbus RTU DeviceNet Profibus DP CANopen Modbus TCP EtherNet/IP ProfiNet IO EtherCAT COE
year introduced 1979 1994 1987 1995 1999 2001 2003 2003
max physical layer speed (Mbits/sec) 0.1 0.5 12 1 1000 1000 1000 100
max nodes
32 typ
254 max 64
32/segment, 126
max 127
share wire?
cyclic
motion specific option ProfiDrive CIA402
CIPsync,
CIPmotion CIA402
standards body Modbus Org ODVA PNO, PI CiA Modbus Org ODVA PI ETG
controllers many many many mainly Rockwell Beckhoff, Siemens
Beckhoff, Trio, Galil, National
Instruments, others
Relative cost of slave node 1 3 7 3 5 7 6 10
47. Implementation Options
How do I go about designing a fieldbus node?
• If the device already has a fieldbus option, consider using an
external gateway to convert the protocol
• Use HMS Anybus module to device can be adapted to many
popular protocols
• Buy a commercial software stack (RTA)
• Design your own physical layer
48. Implementation Options
Pay to Play
• Some standards require you to pay an annual fee
• For access to written standards
• For test tool subscriptions
• For a vendor ID
• Additional fees apply for
• Conformance testing
• Plug fests
49. Other Considerations
Distributed Intelligence
• A stored program in each node can reduce needed bandwidth
for non-tightly coordinated axes
• Individual nodes can read I/O, make decisions, execute motion
• Can be cost effective because stored programming in an
already needed CPU costs little (beyond software development)
• Still has benefit of real time connectivity, streaming set up,
feedback, data logging
50. Other Considerations
Step & Direction
• Controller sends step pulses and a direction signal to each
motion node
Advantages
• Motion can be tightly coordinated
• Very low slave cost
Slave Device
Controller
Step,dir,fault
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
51. Other Considerations
Step & Direction
Disadvantages
• No certainty if signals reached the node
• Only feedback is fault signal.
• No status monitoring or data logging
Slave Device
Controller
Step,dir,fault
Slave Device Slave Device Slave Device
