Analyzes reasons for knee arthritis. Straight position of knees is unique to three mammals, elephant, bear and man. This

1. Common causes of knee pain
Dr.A.K.Venkatachalam
MS, DNB, FRCS, MCH Orth (Liverpool)
Consultant Orthopaedic surgeon,
Clinic – 27, 1st avenue, Besant nagar,
Chennai
Cell –9282165002, 917664002
www.kneeindia.com
www.shoulderindia.com
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2. Why do Indians develop
Osteoarthritis in middle age
• Age related degeneration
• Obesity
• Mal-alignment
• Injuries
• Erect posture predisposes to inner
compartment arthritis.
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3. Knee Joint
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4. Knee joint
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5. Three terrestrial animals with
straight legs
Man
Bear
Elephants
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6. Normal Patellar position
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7. Anatomy of normal knee
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8. Cause of uni-compartmental osteo-
arthritis
• Malalignment
• Menisectomy of the concerned
compartment.
• ACL insufficiency
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9. Deformities of knee
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10. Normal Knee anatomy and articular
cartilage
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11. Medial compartment arthritis in bow
legs
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12. Normal and abnormal articular
cartilage
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13. Articular cartilage defect seen at
operation Normal
cartilage
Damag
ed
cartilag
e
Damaged
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14. Knee resurfacing
Knee resurfacing for partial knee
arthritis of medical compartment.
•No cement/ screw fixation
•Day care/ short stay surgery
•Less morbidity and blood loss
•Less cost
•Full function,
Implant
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15. Partial knee replacement
• For complete pain
relief life 15 years.
• Can be combined
with knee cap or
patellar replacement
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17. Corrective osteotomy for bow legs
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18. Pain under the knee cap
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19. Laminar air flow operating theatre
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20. Total knee replacement
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21. Technique
Preparation of Knees to receive the
prosthesis.
Cementation
Show implantation and completed models
Patella replacement
Show components of Normal Knee and High
flexion knee.
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23. Kneeling after High flexion knee
replacement
• Indian doctor had left TKR in 2005
• Full flexion
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25. Dr.A.K.Venkatachalam
Consultant Orthopaedic surgeon
www.kneeindia.com
www.kneereplacement.co.in
www.hipsurgery.in
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