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3. BSCSPE 3A
ALCAZAR, MARWELL GENESIS
AVILA, JHON MICHEAL
BARSANA, MARK JASON
CABAL, JOHN LENON

4. Android 4.4 KitKat is a version of the Android mobile
operating system that was released in 2013. It was a
significant update to the previous version, Android 4.3 Jelly
Bean, and introduced a number of new features and
improvements. Some of the notable features of Android 4.4
KitKat include: Improved performance: KitKat was designed
to run smoothly on a wider range of devices, including
those with low memory and processing power. Enhanced
security: KitKat included a number of security
enhancements, such as support for full-disk encryption and
the ability to use a screen lock to secure sensitive
information.
Operating System Description

5. Operating System Description
Better battery life: KitKat included a number of battery-
saving features, including the ability to restrict apps that
were running in the background and to automatically turn
off the device's display when it was not in use. Enhanced
user interface: KitKat introduced a number of
improvements to the Android user interface, including a
redesigned dialer and a transparent status bar. Improved
integration with Google services: KitKat included a
number of enhancements to Google's suite of apps,
including the ability to search for content within apps and
to access Google Now from the home screen.

6. Android KitKat (version 4.4) was released in October 2013
and was an incremental update to the Android platform. It
introduced a number of new features, including a
redesigned home screen interface, support for NFC tap
and pay, and an integrated version of the Hangouts app
for messaging and video chat. KitKat also marked a shift
in the Android ecosystem, as it was the first version of
the operating system to be available on a wide range of
devices beyond just smartphones and tablets, including
wearable devices and televisions. In addition, KitKat
brought improvements to the overall performance and
battery life of Android devices.
History

7. Architecture Design

8. Architecture Design
The architecture of Android KitKat (version 4.4) is based on a Linux
kernel, with a layered architecture that includes the Linux kernel, system libraries, the
Android runtime (ART), and application framework.
The Linux kernel provides a layer of abstraction between the device's hardware and the
rest of the software stack. It manages device drivers, memory management, process
management, and security.
The system libraries, such as the C library and the Media codecs, are built on top of the
Linux kernel and provide a set of APIs that allow apps to access the device's hardware
and system resources.
The Android runtime (ART) is a component of the system libraries that provides a
virtual machine for executing Android apps. It replaces the Dalvik virtual machine used
in previous versions of Android.

9. Architecture Design
The application framework provides a set of APIs that allow apps to access the device's
hardware and system resources, as well as core services such as location, notifications,
and user interface elements.
Overall, the architecture of Android KitKat is designed to provide a stable and secure
environment for apps to run on a wide range of devices, with a focus on performance
and battery life optimization.

10. Improved support for low-end devices: Android KitKat was
designed to run smoothly on devices with as little as 512MB
of RAM. This made it easier for developers to create apps
that could run on a wider range of devices.
Enhanced security features: Android KitKat introduced a
number of new security features, including support for full-
disk encryption, which helps protect user data on the device.
Improved graphics performance: KitKat included a new
graphics engine called Andreno 305, which provided a
significant boost in performance for graphics-intensive apps
and games.
Development Features

11. Development Features
Better integration with Google services: Android KitKat
made it easier for developers to integrate their apps with
popular Google services such as Google Maps and Google
Now.
Enhanced developer tools: KitKat included a number of
new developer tools and APIs, including a revised version
of the Android SDK, which made it easier for developers to
create high-quality apps.
Overall, Android KitKat was a significant release that
brought a number of new features and improvements for
both users and developers.

12. Hardware Support
•A minimum of 512MB of RAM
•A 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 processor
•A GPU support for OpenGL ES 2.0
• A display with a resolution of at least 480x800 pixels
• A camera with autofocus and at least 2MP resolution
• A GPS and accelerometer
• A Wi-Fi or cellular data connection
• Bluetooth 4.0
• Micro USB 2.0
• SD Card slot
• GPS and accelerometer

13. Software Support
- A more refined and uniform user experience across devices was a primary goal of
Android KitKat's software design. The introduction of a redesigned launcher, with a more
minimalistic design and translucent parts, was one of the significant design
improvements in KitKat. With this, the launcher should feel more cohesive with the
operating system's overall aesthetic.
A new status bar was also introduced with KitKat, with the goal of making it easier to read
and more informative. The transparent nature of the new status bar allowed it to blend in
with the screen background. Additionally, it arranged system icons on the right side of the
status bar and notifications on the left, making it simpler to use. Another significant
design modification was the introduction of "immersive mode," which allowed some apps
to fill the whole screen while concealing the status bar and navigation buttons. The
purpose of this feature was to give apps that use it a more immersive user experience.

14. Software Support
In terms of functionality, KitKat aims to make the OS more suitable for gadgets with lower
specifications, allowing them to operate the OS without any hiccups. To do this, KitKat
optimized the Dalvik virtual machine, which is used to execute Android apps, and
decreased the operating system's memory footprint.
Overall, Android KitKat's software architecture was created to deliver a more refined and
consistent user experience across devices while enhancing performance on devices with
lower specifications.

15. Android 4.4 KitKat introduced a number of security and
privacy enhancements, including: SELinux (Security-
Enhanced Linux) support: KitKat introduced support for
SELinux, which is a security feature that provides an
additional layer of protection by enforcing mandatory
access controls on all apps and processes. Full-disk
encryption: KitKat introduced support for full-disk
encryption, which allows you to encrypt the entire contents
of your device's internal storage. This helps protect your
data from being accessed if your device is lost or stolen.
Enhanced permission model: KitKat introduced an
enhanced permission model that gives users more control
over the permissions that apps can request.
Security Features

16. Security Features
This allows users to selectively grant or deny individual
permissions to apps, rather than accepting or denying all
permissions at once. Smart Lock: KitKat introduced
Smart Lock, which is a feature that allows you to keep
your device unlocked when it is in a trusted location or
when it is connected to a trusted device. Improved two-
factor authentication: KitKat introduced support for two-
factor authentication, which requires users to provide an
additional form of authentication beyond their password
in order to access their accounts. Improved sandboxing:
KitKat introduced improved sandboxing to better isolate
apps from each other and protect against malicious
attacks.

17. Security Features
Security enhancements to the Android kernel: KitKat
included various security enhancements to the Android
kernel, including improved memory protection and the
ability to verify the integrity of the kernel at boot time.

18. Version Release History
Here is a list of the Android KitKat version release history,
along with a brief description of each version:
Android 4.4 - KitKat (October 31, 2013): This was the initial release of
Android KitKat. It introduced a new design language and improvements
to the notifications system, among other features.
Android 4.4.1 - KitKat (December 5, 2013): This was a small update that
fixed bugs and improved the camera performance on the Nexus 5.
Android 4.4.2 - KitKat (December 9, 2013): This update fixed more bugs
and added security enhancements.

19. Version Release History
Android 4.4.3 - KitKat (June 2, 2014): This update included a number of
bug fixes and security enhancements.
Android 4.4.4 - KitKat (June 19, 2014): This was another small update
that fixed a number of bugs and improved the security of the operating
system.
Android 4.4W - KitKat (June 25, 2014): This version was released
specifically for Android Wear devices. It included support for
Bluetooth LE and improved battery life.

20. Version Release History
Android 4.4W.1 - KitKat (October 15, 2014): This update added support
for new Android Wear devices and improved performance on existing
devices.
Android 4.4W.2 - KitKat (March 18, 2015): This update introduced
support for GPS and offline music playback on Android Wear devices. It
also included bug fixes and performance improvements.

21. Advantages
There are several advantages to using Android KitKat, which was a version of
the Android operating system that was released in 2013. Some of the main
advantages include:
Improved user interface: KitKat introduced a number of changes to the user
interface, including a transparent status bar, full-screen album art, and a new
launcher.
Better battery life: KitKat included a number of changes to improve battery
life, including a feature called Project Svelte, which reduced the memory
requirements of the operating system.

22. Advantages
Enhanced performance: KitKat brought a number of performance
improvements, including a faster web browser and support for low-end
devices.
Improved security: KitKat included a number of security enhancements,
including support for SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux), which is a security
module for the Linux kernel.
New features: KitKat introduced a number of new features, including support
for cloud printing and the ability to launch apps directly from the dialer.

23. Disadvantages
KitKat 4.4 is the latest software version of google, possibly including product
introductions for the majority of Android users, it's still necessary for learning
in usefully.
With offline on-screen display which often shift the menu features become
invisible or transparent sometimes make the user a bit awkward to touch the
screen, as only the wallpaper could be seen.
To use this OS should really pay attention to the support processor that a
minimum-capacity tri-core, what if forcing to put the processor under it will
be making its performance is not perfect.

24. Recommendation
• Android KitKat released 9 years ago was not already
supported by the Google anymore, I can't recommend to use Android KitKat
nowadays because it's features is not suitable for the modern times and it
can't keep up the specifications globally with the modern operating system in
the modern times.
• Also Android KitKat has low performance in terms of RAM, Internal Storage,
Features, Security and Performance for the reasons of that I recommend to
update Android KitKat to a newer version in order to fix bugs, upgrade the
performance, strengthen the security and access the new app available in the
present because some apps are not compatible with Android KitKat.

25. Recommendation
• Android KitKat has an issue of malware vulnerabilities so
I recommend to updated your devices regularly.
We recommend that there were still some areas where it could have been
improved: Battery life: Despite certain advancements in memory
management, several customers expressed frustration with KitKat-powered
devices' short battery lives. Camera: Despite various updates, many users felt
that the camera app still lacked some features and functionalities when
compared to other third-party camera apps. Customization: Some customers
criticized KitKat's new, more immersive design, saying it made it more difficult
to alter the way their devices looked and felt. App compatibility: Some users
experienced annoyance since some apps that were created for earlier Android
versions may not have correctly operated on KitKat.

26. Recommendation
Overall, Android KitKat was a good release for its time, but there were still a
few things that could have been done better.