The document discusses Hyrope, Kiswire's series of specialty wire ropes for cranes (SWR). Some key points:
- Hyrope has excellent mechanical properties due to use of high quality raw materials and manufacturing process.
- Kiswire is committed to research and development to improve Hyrope and maintain their leading position in the SWR market.
- The goal is for Hyrope to be the best SWR available globally by ensuring high quality and innovation.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the plasma arc welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but plasma arc welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
The document describes the design of an axial flux permanent magnet generator. It includes specifications for electrical and mechanical components. Key points:
1) An axial flux design was selected for its simplicity and efficiency over a radial design. It uses a stationary stator and rotating rotor with magnets.
2) Electrical specifications include selecting neodymium magnets, 9 coils in a star configuration to produce 3-phase power, and calculations to achieve a 60V 3-phase output at 750 RPM.
3) Mechanically, aluminum, steel, and plastics are used. Alignment is critical and achieved via a casing connecting the upper and lower rotors with male-female features and bolts. Total mass is estimated at
The document discusses different types of comparators used to measure small variations in dimensions. Comparators magnify small differences between a workpiece and a standard to indicate how much the workpiece varies on a scale. Mechanical comparators use levers or gears to magnify movements, while optical comparators further magnify the measurement using lenses. Pneumatic comparators use pressurized air and have few moving parts, providing accurate measurements without physical contact. Common types of comparators include dial indicators, Johansson Mikrokators, reed types, and optical models like the Zeiss ultra optimeter. Each type has advantages like accuracy, range or portability that make it suitable for various inspection applications.
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW). It describes FSW as a solid-state welding process that uses friction and mechanical stirring to join materials without melting. Key points include: FSW uses a rotating tool to generate frictional heat and plastically deform the materials, leaving a solid phase bond; important parameters are tool rotation/travel speeds and geometry; FSW eliminates issues like porosity and shrinkage seen in fusion welding. Applications include aerospace, transportation, industrial structures, and shipbuilding.
This document discusses the primary causes of premature rotating machinery failures due to misalignment. It finds that 50-70% of such failures are misalignment-related. While alignment methods and tools have improved, misalignment still frequently occurs due to a lack of understanding machine concepts, misconceptions about coupling flexibility, and failure to address all potential sources of misalignment beyond just achieving tolerance specifications. These sources include issues like pipe strain, thermal growth, bent shafts, soft foot, poor foundations, and excessive coupling runout. Addressing misalignment requires analyzing its various potential root causes.
Power transmission involves transferring rotational force from one component to another using gears. Gears come in different types depending on the position of their shafts, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are used to change rotational speed and torque in machines and vehicles through gear trains and different gear ratios.
This document provides an overview of Lovejoy/Sier-Bath continuous sleeve and flanged sleeve couplings. It describes the features and benefits of both types of couplings, including their ability to accommodate misalignment and end float. It also lists and briefly describes several standard types of couplings for both continuous sleeve (C types) and flanged sleeve (F types) series. Safety instructions are provided on properly selecting, installing, and operating these power transmission products.
One of the welding processes that used in Engineering field is the plasma arc welding. There are several types of welding processes similar to this, but plasma arc welding has its unique features.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
The document describes the design of an axial flux permanent magnet generator. It includes specifications for electrical and mechanical components. Key points:
1) An axial flux design was selected for its simplicity and efficiency over a radial design. It uses a stationary stator and rotating rotor with magnets.
2) Electrical specifications include selecting neodymium magnets, 9 coils in a star configuration to produce 3-phase power, and calculations to achieve a 60V 3-phase output at 750 RPM.
3) Mechanically, aluminum, steel, and plastics are used. Alignment is critical and achieved via a casing connecting the upper and lower rotors with male-female features and bolts. Total mass is estimated at
The document discusses different types of comparators used to measure small variations in dimensions. Comparators magnify small differences between a workpiece and a standard to indicate how much the workpiece varies on a scale. Mechanical comparators use levers or gears to magnify movements, while optical comparators further magnify the measurement using lenses. Pneumatic comparators use pressurized air and have few moving parts, providing accurate measurements without physical contact. Common types of comparators include dial indicators, Johansson Mikrokators, reed types, and optical models like the Zeiss ultra optimeter. Each type has advantages like accuracy, range or portability that make it suitable for various inspection applications.
This document provides an overview of friction stir welding (FSW). It describes FSW as a solid-state welding process that uses friction and mechanical stirring to join materials without melting. Key points include: FSW uses a rotating tool to generate frictional heat and plastically deform the materials, leaving a solid phase bond; important parameters are tool rotation/travel speeds and geometry; FSW eliminates issues like porosity and shrinkage seen in fusion welding. Applications include aerospace, transportation, industrial structures, and shipbuilding.
This document discusses the primary causes of premature rotating machinery failures due to misalignment. It finds that 50-70% of such failures are misalignment-related. While alignment methods and tools have improved, misalignment still frequently occurs due to a lack of understanding machine concepts, misconceptions about coupling flexibility, and failure to address all potential sources of misalignment beyond just achieving tolerance specifications. These sources include issues like pipe strain, thermal growth, bent shafts, soft foot, poor foundations, and excessive coupling runout. Addressing misalignment requires analyzing its various potential root causes.
Power transmission involves transferring rotational force from one component to another using gears. Gears come in different types depending on the position of their shafts, including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears. Gears are used to change rotational speed and torque in machines and vehicles through gear trains and different gear ratios.
This document provides an overview of Lovejoy/Sier-Bath continuous sleeve and flanged sleeve couplings. It describes the features and benefits of both types of couplings, including their ability to accommodate misalignment and end float. It also lists and briefly describes several standard types of couplings for both continuous sleeve (C types) and flanged sleeve (F types) series. Safety instructions are provided on properly selecting, installing, and operating these power transmission products.
This document provides an overview of TIG, plasma arc, and MIG welding processes for aluminum. It describes the principles, equipment, parameters, and macrostructure outcomes of each process. The objectives are to explain TIG, plasma arc, and MIG welding and their modifications for aluminum, how welding parameters influence macrostructure, and the choice of parameters. It requires a general engineering background and basic electrical engineering knowledge. The document was created in 1994 and contains 47 figures to illustrate the concepts discussed over 36 pages.
The document provides an overview of metrology and coordinate metrology techniques. It discusses measurement methods and sources of uncertainty. It introduces geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) symbols and concepts like datum, maximum material condition, and least material condition. Advanced metrological instruments like coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are described along with their applications.
Gears are used to transfer motion and torque between rotating shafts. They work by engaging teeth along the edge of one gear with another gear. This allows for speed and torque conversions between driving and driven components. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears which can transmit power at 90 degree angles. Gear ratios are calculated based on the number of teeth and are used to increase torque or reduce speed between connected rotating parts like motors and pumps.
This document is a project report on improving the hardfacing of gate seats. It provides background information on hardfacing, including why tungsten carbide is commonly used and different binding metals that can be added to carbides like cobalt and nickel. It also discusses hardfacing techniques like welding and sintering. The report aims to improve the hardfacing process from both a quality and cost perspective.
This document discusses power transmission using belt drives. It begins by introducing belt drives as a system used to transmit power from one mechanical element to another. The main types of belt drives are then described, including flat belts, V-belts, and circular belts. Key terms used in belt drives like driver, driven, tight side, and slack side are also defined. The document then discusses factors for selecting a belt drive system and provides examples of belt drives in various machines. It also covers velocity ratio calculations, slippage calculations, and examples problems determining pulley sizes for required speeds.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
MIG welding, also known as gas metal arc welding, is a semiautomatic welding process where a continuous wire electrode is fed through a gun and melts upon contact with the base metal. Shielding gas protects the weld from atmospheric contamination. MIG welding is commonly used in manufacturing applications like automotive repair and pipe welding due to its high deposition rate, ability to produce quality welds quickly, and versatility in welding many metal alloys. However, it is limited to flat and horizontal welding positions due to issues with high heat input and weld puddle fluidity in vertical and overhead positions.
This document discusses bearing failures and their causes. It begins by defining bearing life and explaining how fatigue leads to flaking over time under load. It then examines different types of bearing damage like wear, indentations, smearing, corrosion, and flaking. The document analyzes path patterns that can be observed on bearings' raceways to help interpret abnormal operating conditions and diagnose the root cause of failures.
The document discusses interference in gears and how to avoid it. It defines interference as occurring when the tip of a tooth on one gear undercuts the root of the tooth on the mating gear. Interference can be avoided by ensuring the point of contact remains on the involute tooth profiles and does not extend past the interference points. Formulas are provided for calculating the minimum number of teeth needed on the pinion and wheel to avoid interference based on factors like pressure angle, module, and addendum. Methods to avoid interference include using a larger pressure angle, undercutting teeth, stubbing tooth tips, increasing the number of teeth, or increasing the center distance between gears. A similar formula is provided for calculating the minimum number of teeth on
This document discusses belt drives and the factors involved in selecting and using them. Belt drives transmit power from one shaft to another using pulleys. The amount of power transmitted depends on factors like belt velocity, tension, and arc of contact. Proper selection involves matching the drive to speeds, power needs, center distance, and service conditions. Different types of belts include flat, V, and circular belts made from materials like leather, cotton, rubber, and balata. Open, crossed, quarter-turn, idler, compound, and stepped/cone pulley drives are described.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
square threads
,
types and forms of threads
,
overhauling of screw threads
,
self locking of screw threads
,
design of machine elements
,
machine design
Twin submerged arc welding involves feeding two wires through the same contact tip using a single power source. This increases deposition rates over single-wire welding by 30-40% without significantly higher costs. The two wires can be arranged side by side or one behind the other. For even higher deposition, tandem twin welding uses four wires fed from two welding heads powered by a single source. This process can deposit over 38kg of weld metal per hour. Twin submerged arc welding is used for high-speed fillet welding and butt welding when high productivity is required.
This PPT discuss the 14 geometric symbols used in GD&T classified under five controls. Only important points are mentioned. Kindly mention, if any other important points are missed out. The sources of the content (including pics) are from various sites which details GD&T. The PPT with modifiers and additional symbols (in detail) will be updated soon.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material or structure without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described as visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. NDT is used across many industries to inspect materials and components during production and in-service to detect flaws and ensure safety and reliability.
Non-conventional machining techniques such as EDM, ECM, laser beam machining, electron beam machining, and plasma arc machining remove material using thermoelectric or chemical processes instead of mechanical cutting. They allow machining of hard metals and complex shapes but require specialized equipment. Conventional machining relies on mechanical forces and contact between a harder cutting tool and workpiece, while non-conventional techniques use energy sources like electrical discharge, laser, electron beam, or plasma arc along with chemical etching to remove material layer-by-layer.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
This document contains a table listing basic values for L and H parameters corresponding to kinematic viscosity measurements in the 40-100°C system. The table includes kinematic viscosity values in mm2/s at 100°C along with the associated L and H parameters for determining kinematic viscosity at other temperatures between 40-100°C. There are over 70 rows of viscosity values ranging from 2 to 70 mm2/s at 100°C with calculations to estimate viscosity at different temperatures within the specified range.
This document provides specifications for oilfield casing including sizes ranging from 7 3/4 to 13 5/8 inches, weights ranging from 16.6 to 88.2 lbs/ft, drift diameters, capacities in barrels per 100 feet, and other details. It lists physical properties and performance metrics for different casing strings to aid in well design and construction.
This document provides an overview of TIG, plasma arc, and MIG welding processes for aluminum. It describes the principles, equipment, parameters, and macrostructure outcomes of each process. The objectives are to explain TIG, plasma arc, and MIG welding and their modifications for aluminum, how welding parameters influence macrostructure, and the choice of parameters. It requires a general engineering background and basic electrical engineering knowledge. The document was created in 1994 and contains 47 figures to illustrate the concepts discussed over 36 pages.
The document provides an overview of metrology and coordinate metrology techniques. It discusses measurement methods and sources of uncertainty. It introduces geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) symbols and concepts like datum, maximum material condition, and least material condition. Advanced metrological instruments like coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) are described along with their applications.
Gears are used to transfer motion and torque between rotating shafts. They work by engaging teeth along the edge of one gear with another gear. This allows for speed and torque conversions between driving and driven components. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, bevel gears, and worm gears which can transmit power at 90 degree angles. Gear ratios are calculated based on the number of teeth and are used to increase torque or reduce speed between connected rotating parts like motors and pumps.
This document is a project report on improving the hardfacing of gate seats. It provides background information on hardfacing, including why tungsten carbide is commonly used and different binding metals that can be added to carbides like cobalt and nickel. It also discusses hardfacing techniques like welding and sintering. The report aims to improve the hardfacing process from both a quality and cost perspective.
This document discusses power transmission using belt drives. It begins by introducing belt drives as a system used to transmit power from one mechanical element to another. The main types of belt drives are then described, including flat belts, V-belts, and circular belts. Key terms used in belt drives like driver, driven, tight side, and slack side are also defined. The document then discusses factors for selecting a belt drive system and provides examples of belt drives in various machines. It also covers velocity ratio calculations, slippage calculations, and examples problems determining pulley sizes for required speeds.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
MIG welding, also known as gas metal arc welding, is a semiautomatic welding process where a continuous wire electrode is fed through a gun and melts upon contact with the base metal. Shielding gas protects the weld from atmospheric contamination. MIG welding is commonly used in manufacturing applications like automotive repair and pipe welding due to its high deposition rate, ability to produce quality welds quickly, and versatility in welding many metal alloys. However, it is limited to flat and horizontal welding positions due to issues with high heat input and weld puddle fluidity in vertical and overhead positions.
This document discusses bearing failures and their causes. It begins by defining bearing life and explaining how fatigue leads to flaking over time under load. It then examines different types of bearing damage like wear, indentations, smearing, corrosion, and flaking. The document analyzes path patterns that can be observed on bearings' raceways to help interpret abnormal operating conditions and diagnose the root cause of failures.
The document discusses interference in gears and how to avoid it. It defines interference as occurring when the tip of a tooth on one gear undercuts the root of the tooth on the mating gear. Interference can be avoided by ensuring the point of contact remains on the involute tooth profiles and does not extend past the interference points. Formulas are provided for calculating the minimum number of teeth needed on the pinion and wheel to avoid interference based on factors like pressure angle, module, and addendum. Methods to avoid interference include using a larger pressure angle, undercutting teeth, stubbing tooth tips, increasing the number of teeth, or increasing the center distance between gears. A similar formula is provided for calculating the minimum number of teeth on
This document discusses belt drives and the factors involved in selecting and using them. Belt drives transmit power from one shaft to another using pulleys. The amount of power transmitted depends on factors like belt velocity, tension, and arc of contact. Proper selection involves matching the drive to speeds, power needs, center distance, and service conditions. Different types of belts include flat, V, and circular belts made from materials like leather, cotton, rubber, and balata. Open, crossed, quarter-turn, idler, compound, and stepped/cone pulley drives are described.
This document discusses the calculation of bearing life and dynamic load ratings. It provides formulas and factors for calculating the radial and axial forces on bearings based on machine design and operating conditions. It also summarizes the Lundberg-Palmgren and SKF equations for calculating an equivalent dynamic bearing load and adjusted rating life of a bearing based on operating load and speed.
diploma mechanical engineering
,
mechanical engineering
,
square threads
,
types and forms of threads
,
overhauling of screw threads
,
self locking of screw threads
,
design of machine elements
,
machine design
Twin submerged arc welding involves feeding two wires through the same contact tip using a single power source. This increases deposition rates over single-wire welding by 30-40% without significantly higher costs. The two wires can be arranged side by side or one behind the other. For even higher deposition, tandem twin welding uses four wires fed from two welding heads powered by a single source. This process can deposit over 38kg of weld metal per hour. Twin submerged arc welding is used for high-speed fillet welding and butt welding when high productivity is required.
This PPT discuss the 14 geometric symbols used in GD&T classified under five controls. Only important points are mentioned. Kindly mention, if any other important points are missed out. The sources of the content (including pics) are from various sites which details GD&T. The PPT with modifiers and additional symbols (in detail) will be updated soon.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material or structure without causing damage. The six most common NDT methods are described as visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. NDT is used across many industries to inspect materials and components during production and in-service to detect flaws and ensure safety and reliability.
Non-conventional machining techniques such as EDM, ECM, laser beam machining, electron beam machining, and plasma arc machining remove material using thermoelectric or chemical processes instead of mechanical cutting. They allow machining of hard metals and complex shapes but require specialized equipment. Conventional machining relies on mechanical forces and contact between a harder cutting tool and workpiece, while non-conventional techniques use energy sources like electrical discharge, laser, electron beam, or plasma arc along with chemical etching to remove material layer-by-layer.
Rolling Contact Bearing, Selection of Rolling Contact Bearings, Machine Element Design, Bantalan Gelinding, Pemilihan Bantalan Gelinding, Perancangan Elemen Mesin
This document contains a table listing basic values for L and H parameters corresponding to kinematic viscosity measurements in the 40-100°C system. The table includes kinematic viscosity values in mm2/s at 100°C along with the associated L and H parameters for determining kinematic viscosity at other temperatures between 40-100°C. There are over 70 rows of viscosity values ranging from 2 to 70 mm2/s at 100°C with calculations to estimate viscosity at different temperatures within the specified range.
This document provides specifications for oilfield casing including sizes ranging from 7 3/4 to 13 5/8 inches, weights ranging from 16.6 to 88.2 lbs/ft, drift diameters, capacities in barrels per 100 feet, and other details. It lists physical properties and performance metrics for different casing strings to aid in well design and construction.
This document contains a chart listing pipe sizes, outside diameters, wall thicknesses, and weights. The pipe sizes range from 1/8 inch to 72 inches in nominal diameter. For each size, the chart provides the outside diameter in mm and the wall thickness in mm for various standard wall thickness designations including SCH 10, SCH 20, SCH 30, etc. Heavier wall thicknesses are shown for larger pipe sizes.
The document contains an Erlang B traffic table that shows the maximum offered load versus B and N, where B is the blocking probability in % and N is the number of circuits. The table provides load values for different combinations of B ranging from 0.01 to 40% and N ranging from 1 to 77 circuits. The load values indicate the maximum number of external calls that can be offered to the system without exceeding the blocking probability B for a given number of circuits N.
This document provides specifications for wire rope, including nominal diameters ranging from 4 to 40 mm, approximate weights per 100 meters, and nominal tensile strengths and minimum breaking loads in metric tons and kilonewtons. The main applications listed are for equipment used in port loading and unloading, as well as derrick tower cranes.
The document contains two tables providing future value interest factors for one dollar and one dollar annuities compounded at various interest rates over different periods of time. Table A-1 shows the future value of $1 invested at rates from 1% to 30% over periods from 1 to 30 years. Table A-2 shows the future value of a $1 annuity invested at the same rates and periods. The tables allow users to determine the future values of single investments and annuities based on the interest rate and time period.
The document contains two tables providing future value interest factors for present values compounded over time at given interest rates. Table A-1 gives the future value of $1 invested for a given number of periods at rates from 1% to 30%. Table A-2 gives the future value of a $1 annuity invested over the same periods and rates. Both tables allow users to determine the future value of investments based on the interest rate and length of time compounded.
The document contains two tables providing future value interest factors for one dollar and one dollar annuities compounded at various interest rates over different periods of time. Table A-1 shows the future value of $1 invested at rates from 1% to 30% over periods from 1 to 30 years. Table A-2 shows the future value of a $1 annuity invested at the same rates and periods. The tables allow users to determine the future values of single investments and annuities based on the interest rate and time horizon.
The document contains two tables providing future value interest factors for present values compounded over time at given interest rates. Table A-1 gives the future value of $1 invested for a given number of periods at rates from 1% to 30%. Table A-2 gives the future value of a $1 annuity invested over the same periods and rates. The tables allow users to calculate future or present values of investments compounded at different rates over different lengths of time.
This document provides a table listing the weights in kilograms per meter of seamless steel tubes of varying diameters and wall thicknesses according to DIN 2448. The table includes the outer diameter, standard wall thickness, weight in kg/m, and other dimensional specifications for over 50 tube sizes ranging from 10.2 mm outer diameter up to 558.8 mm outer diameter.
The document is an Erlang B traffic table that shows the maximum offered traffic load versus blocking probability (B) and number of lines (N). It provides traffic load values for various combinations of B (ranging from 0.01 to 40%) and N (ranging from 1 to 77 lines). The higher the traffic load, the higher the blocking probability will be for a given number of lines.
The document is an Erlang B traffic table that shows the maximum offered traffic load versus blocking probability (B) and number of lines (N). It provides traffic load values for various combinations of B (ranging from 0.01 to 40%) and N (ranging from 1 to 77 lines). The higher the traffic load, the higher the blocking probability will be for a given number of lines.
The document is an Erlang B traffic table that shows the maximum offered traffic load versus blocking probability (B) and number of lines (N). It provides traffic load values for various combinations of B ranging from 0.01 to 40% and N ranging from 1 to 77 lines. The higher the traffic load, the higher the blocking probability will be for a given number of lines.
This document provides specifications for HADLEY UltraZEDTM 2 and UltraBEAMTM 2 metal roof purlins and cladding rails. It includes section properties, dimensions, load tables, and design guidelines for various roof configurations including flat, curved, mono-pitched and steep roofs. Details are also provided for applications such as eaves beams, trimmers, lateral restraints, and support of cladding, windows, doors and parapets.
This document contains tables with information about steel beams and columns including:
- Dimensions and cross-sectional areas of different steel beam and column sizes
- Weights in kg/m of steel beams and columns
- Cross-sectional areas in cm^2 of steel plates
- Dimensions are given in mm and information is provided for a range of standard sizes.
This document summarizes the results of a corn hybrid trial conducted in Francesville, IN in 2011. Twenty-seven hybrids were planted and evaluated for traits such as yield, moisture, test weight, and lodging. The top yielding hybrid was VYP315 with 5,476 pounds per acre. Other top performers were VYP313, AP6003, AP8202, and AG802. The trial provides a comparison of hybrid performance under the growing conditions experienced in 2011.
This document provides specifications for Moyno G2 and G3 series pumps including dimensions and weights. It lists various pump frame sizes from 1E008G2 to 6K175G2 with corresponding measurements and discharge weights at different pipe lengths. Key dimensions included are flange size, length and diameter of pump components. The page notes that dimensions are in inches and provides contact information for Moyno pumps.
This document provides specifications for wide flange steel shapes, including:
1) Dimensional specifications and properties like cross-sectional area, moments of inertia, radii of gyration, and modulus of section for various steel sizes.
2) Tolerances for dimensions of widths, depths, thicknesses.
3) Chemical composition and mechanical properties for different grades of steel.
4) Table of weights in kg/m and kg/12m for common hot rolled beam, wide flange, and H-beam sizes.
6 dimension and properties table of ipe shapeChhay Teng
This document provides dimensional properties for various IPE steel beam shapes. It includes dimensions, cross-sectional area, weight, section properties such as moments of inertia, and minimum dimensions for connections. The table lists data for IPE beams ranging from 80 mm to 600 mm, including their height, width, wall thicknesses, and other geometric properties.
This document provides technical specifications for H-beams made of various steel grades. It lists the standards, chemical composition, mechanical properties, standard dimensions, and certified quality for ASTM A36, A572 Grade 50, and A992 steel H-beams. The beams are used in industrial plants, buildings, bridges, cranes, and other metal structures. Dimensional tolerances follow ASTM A6 and mechanical properties meet the specified ASTM standard.
Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental...Summerland Environmental
Welcome to the presentation on Sustainable Solutions for Chemical Waste Disposal by Summerland Environmental. We will explore innovative methods and technologies for eco-friendly waste management.
Bridging the Language Gap The Power of Simultaneous Interpretation in RwandaKasuku Translation Ltd
Rwanda is a nation on the rise, fostering international partnerships and economic growth. With this progress comes a growing need for seamless communication across languages. Simultaneous interpretation emerges as a vital tool in this ever-evolving landscape. When seeking the best simultaneous interpretation in Rwanda, Kasuku Translation stands out as a premier choice.
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Education documents
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Webroot antivirus helps with online security. Use reliable security software to protect your devices from attacks, providing online security and quiet mind when using technology for business or work.
Gujar Industries India Pvt. Ltd is a leading manufacturer of X-ray baggage scanners in India. With a strong focus on innovation and quality, the company has established itself as a trusted provider of security solutions for various industries. Their X-ray baggage scanners are designed to meet the highest standards of safety and efficiency, making them ideal for use in airports, government buildings, and other high-security environments. Gujar Industries India Pvt. Ltd is committed to providing cutting-edge technology and reliable products to ensure the safety and security of their customers.
Pruning enhances your garden's visual appeal by keeping plants neat and well-formed. Whether you prefer a formal, structured look or a more natural, free-flowing design, regular pruning helps you achieve and maintain your desired garden style. A well-pruned garden looks cared for and can significantly improve the overall beauty of your outdoor space.
A Dojo Training PPT focuses on hands-on, immersive learning to enhance skills and knowledge. It emphasizes practical experience, fostering continuous improvement and collaboration within your team to achieve excellence.
Best Immigration Consultants in Amritsar- SAGA StudiesSAGA Studies
Want to fulfill your study abroad dream? Searching for the best Immigration Consultants?
SAGA Studies is the best immigration consultants in Amritsar, provides student admissions, study visa, spouse and dependent visas, tourist visas, PTE exam assistance,and many more.
Top 10 Challenges That Every Web Designer Face on A Daily Basis.pptxe-Definers Technology
In today’s fast-moving digital world, building websites is super important for how well a business does online. But, because things keep changing with technology and what people expect, teams who make websites often run into big problems. These problems can slow down their work and stop them from making really good websites. Let us see what the best website designers in Delhi have to say –
https://www.edtech.in/services/website-designing-development-company-delhi.htm
Biomass Briquettes A Sustainable Solution for Energy and Waste Management..pptxECOSTAN Biofuel Pvt Ltd
Biomass briquettes are an innovative and environmentally beneficial alternative to traditional fossil fuels, providing a long-term solution for energy production and waste management. These compact, high-energy density briquettes are made from organic materials such as agricultural wastes, wood chips, and other biomass waste, and are intended to reduce environmental effect while satisfying energy demands efficiently.
The study compares AMUSE's FDM and MJF 3D printing technologies.pptxAmuse
AMUSE offers cutting-edge HP MJF 3D printing services in India that facilitate the effective creation of challenging designs for all kinds of industries.
https://amuse3d.in/hp-mjf-3d-printing-service/
eBrand Promotion Full Service Digital Agency Company ProfileChimaOrjiOkpi
eBrandpromotion.com is Nigeria’s leading Web Design/development and Digital marketing agency. We’ve helped 600+ clients in 24 countries achieve growth revenue of over $160+ Million USD in 12 Years. Whether you’re a Startup or the Unicorn in your industry, we can help your business/organization grow online. Thinking of taking your business online with a professionally designed world-class website or mobile application? At eBrand, we don’t just design beautiful mobile responsive websites/apps, we can guarantee that you will get tangible results or we refund your money…
The Fraud Examiner’s Report –
What the Certified Fraud Examiner Should Know
Being a Virtual Training Paper presented at the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) Port Harcourt Chapter Anti-Fraud Training on July 29, 2023.
Electrical Testing Lab Services in Dubai.pdfsandeepmetsuae
An electrical testing lab in Dubai plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of electrical systems across various industries. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and staffed by experienced professionals, these labs conduct comprehensive tests on electrical components, systems, and installations.
By refining the layout and replacing furnishings, people can more effectively enjoy themselves in their home environment. If you want to enhance the visual appeal of your home, then residential painting services are at your service. We take responsibility for transforming your dull spaces into vibrant ones. This PPT unveils the difference that professional painters make in elevating the look of your home.
Merchants from high-risk industries face significant challenges due to their industry reputation, chargeback, and refund rates. These industries include sectors like gambling, adult entertainment, and CBD products, which often struggle to secure merchant accounts due to increased risks of chargebacks and fraud.
To overcome these difficulties, it is necessary to improve credit scores, reduce chargeback rates, and provide detailed business information to high-risk merchant account providers to enhance credibility.
Regarding security, implementing robust security measures such as secure payment gateways, two-factor authentication, and fraud detection software that utilizes machine learning systems is crucial.
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2. Advantages of Hyrope
- Excellent strength to weight ratio
- Long fatigue life
- Good abrasion and wear resistance
- High torsional strength
- Easy rope handling
- Excellent corrosion resistance
- Reliable quality assurance
Introduction
Kiswire is the largest wire rope manufacturer in the world with over 70 years of comprehensive
experience in rope making. Our continuous commitment to Research & Development, along with the
technological advantages we have developed, have allowed us to produce what we consider the best
quality crane ropes (SWR: SpecialtyWire Rope for Crane) available in the world.We are especially proud
of our HYROPE series of SWR.
The HYROPE series, is manufactured utilizing the finest raw materials available featuring excellent
mechanical characteristics.These qualities create the advantage of having a rope that exceeds the present
requirements of the international SWR market.
Our commitment to R&D is reflected in the expert team dedicated to HYROPE.This commitment will allow
us to retain and improve on our market position in the SWR market and will ensure we lead the SWR
market in innovation and improvement for years to come.
Our ultimate goal is to provide the market with the best SWR available anywhere with our HYROPE series.
Kiswire will never rest.
Hyrope
4. Hylift R16
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
8~52 0.635 - 0.805 0.798 0.884
Regular Lay
Lang’s Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
8~52 112 3 5 5 10
4
6. Hylift K16
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
8~52 0.724 - 0.856 0.798 0.888
Regular Lay
Lang’s Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
8~52 112 3 5 5 10
6
8. Hylift K16S
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
12~40 0.716 - 0.891 0.842 0.889
Regular Lay
Lang’s Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
12~40 112 3 5 5 10
8
10. Hylift K18
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
10-32 0.686 - 0.845 0.818 0.894
Regular Lay
Lang’s Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
10~32 126 3 5 6 11
10
12. Technical Data
Hyfil K16S
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
• Steel Plastic Combination
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
13~40 0.733 - 0.829 0.803 0.898
Regular Lay
Lang’s Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
13~40 112 3 5 5 10
12
14. Hyfil K18
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
• Steel Plastic Combination
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
12~52 0.716 - 0.856 0.816 0.887
Regular Lay
Lang's Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
12~52 126 3 5 6 11
14
16. Hyfil K16T
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
• Rotary Swaged
• Steel Plastic Combination
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
12~48 0.745 - 0.850 0.840 0.881
Regular Lay
Lang's Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
12~48 96 2 4 4 8
16
18. Hylift K4
• Rotation Resistant Rope
• Should be used with a Swivel
• Zinc Coated / Alumar Coated / Bright
• Compacted
Technical Data
Diameter Range
(mm)
Average
Fill Factor
Average Spin Factor Average
Weight Factor
Lay Direction
1770 1960 2160
8-36 0.631 - 0.900 0.871 0.848 Regular Lay
Diameter Range
(mm)
Total number of
load-bearing wires
in the outer layer of strands
Discard criteria (Number of broken wires)
Single-layer drum & Steel sheaves Multi-layer drum
6xd 30xd 6xd 30xd
8-36 144 2 4 4 8
18
34. Wire Quality
• The quality and performance of Hyrope is fundamentally determined by the quality of component wires. It is
absolutely impossible to achieve high performance when the rope is produced with inferior quality wires.
• The process of controlling the quality of wire begins with selection of high quality steel wire rods that can be
manufactured by handful of world-class steel mills. Any defect or inconsistent microstructure of the rod is difficult to
remove during wire production process, and could affect the quality of the final rope product.
• The wires are produced on modern, well cooled wire drawing machines, enabling the wires to retain the highest
possible level of ductility.This is essential in order to deliver the maximum possible translation of wire strength into
rope breaking load. Ductility of component wires is also a key factor in prolonged service life of rope.
A
B
D u c t i l e
B r i t t l e
TENSILELOAD(kgf)
T E N S I L E S T R E N G H T. LO A D / E X T E N S I O N C U R V E
FOR DUCTILE 1.20mm WIRE
E LO N G AT I O N ( % )
300
260
240
200
160
120
80
40
0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
AB
PRODUCT ADVANTAGES
Compacted and Rotary Swaged Strands
Most Hyrope products are made out of compacted strands.The strands are properly Breaking Load of Hyrope roller-
compacted during the production process to improve the contact conditions between both the strands and the
individual wires.
Benefits of Hyrope compacted strands
• Smooth Surface
• Linear contact between individual wires
• Much higher breaking load with higher metallic area
• Better contact between the rope surface and the sheaves
• Far more resistant to abrasion and corrosion
• Good constructional stability for the multi-layer spooling system a. Conventional Strand b. Hyfil K8 b. Hyfil K8T
34
35. Plastic Layer
Steel-Plastic combination Long fatigue life
The plastic layer of Hyrope acts as a cushion between the layers.
This plastic layer has many advantages ;
• Prevents direct metal-to-metal contact
• Stabilizes the rope construction during installation and actual service
• Keeps out water and harmful elements
• Seals in rope lubricant
• Removes the incidence of birdcaging
• Prevents internal wire breaks
• Absorbs dynamic energy
• Extremely reduces internal stress
Comparison of Breaking Load
Hyrope products are designed not only to achieve greater tensile strength of the individual wires
but also a combination of relative factors with high technology.
• Used only high quality wires that are produced in Kiswire’s own drawing factory.
• Increased fill factor/metallic area of the rope through optimal compacting of the strands.
• Parallel lay with a plastic layer that substantially reduces the internal stresses of the rope. Standard breaking strength
of Hyrope is around 20~40% higher than a conventional rope to international standards of the same tensile grade and
construction categories.
Items
ISO
2408
Hylift
R16
Hylift
K16
Hylift
K16S
Hylift
K18
Hyfil
K16S
Hyfil
K18
Hyfil
K16T
Hylift
K4
Hyfil
R6F
Hyfil
K6F
Hyfil
R8
Hyfil
K8
Hyfil
K8W
Hyfil
K8T
Hyfil
K10
Ratio 1.00 1.13 1.37 1.41 1.28 1.34 1.35 1.40 1.25 1.02 1.20 1.19 1.29 1.34 1.47 1.32
RATIO
B R E A K I N G LO A D O F H Y R O P E
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
ISO
2408
Hyfil
K16S
Hyfil
K8W
Hylift
K16
Hylift
K16S
Hyfil
R8
Hyfil
K16T
Hylift
K4
Hyfil
K10
Hylift
R16
Hyfil
K18
Hyfil
K8T
Hylift
K18
Hyfil
K8
Hyfil
R6F
Hyfil
K6F
1.00
1.13
1.37 1.41
1.28
1.34 1.35
1.40
1.25
1.02
1.20 1.19
1.29
1.34
1.47
1.32
35
36. Bending Fatigue
Torque Factor
• Hylift K16, Hylift K18 and Hyfil K18 are rotation-resistant ropes with a steel core closed in the opposite
direction to the outer strands.
• When a load is applied, the core has the tendency to twist in one direction while the outer strands tend to
rotate in the opposite direction.
• The created moments in the core versus the created moments in the outer strands add to zero over a wide
load spectrum.
of MBL
Hylift K16
Hyfil K18
Hyfil K16S
Hylift K18
Hylift K16S
Hylift R16
Hylift K4 Hyfil K8 Hyfil K8T
5% 0.006 0.009 0.022 0.051 0.067
10% 0.007 0.011 0.026 0.069 0.075
15% 0.007 0.012 0.028 0.073 0.082
20% 0.008 0.012 0.028 0.075 0.085
Hyfil K8T
Hyfil K8
Hylift K4
Hylift K18
Hylift K16S
Hylift R16
Hylift K16
Hyfil K18
Hyfil K16S
0.09
0.06
0.03
0
T O R Q U E FA C T O R O F H Y R O P E
5% 15%10% 20%
0.006 0.007 0.007 0.008
0.009 0.011 0.012 0.012
0.051
0.069
0.073
0.067
0.075
0.082
0.085
0.022 0.026 0.028 0.028
M B L
0.075
8st. Round 8st. CMP Hyfil K18 Hylift K16 Hyfil K8T
50 95 149 153 162
Relationship between service life of the wire rope and the grooves is shown in the figure. Experience
has clearly demonstrated that the service life of the wire rope will be materially increased by strict
adherence to these standards.
FAT I G U E T E S T R E S U LT O F H Y R O P E ( I N - H O U S E T E S T )
8st. Round Hyfil K8THyfil K188st. CMP Hylift K16
200
150
100
50
0
D / d = 2 0 , 2 0 % o f M B L x 10 0 0 C y c l e s
36
37. Bending fatigue in dependence on the groove diameter
According to ISO 4309 the groove of a sheave should have a diameter, that is 5% to 10% bigger than the rope diameter. During the
operating time, the rope diameter will decrease. With this decreased diameter the rope will dig itself in the sheave groove and will
reduce the groove diameter.Therefore, with the installation of the rope it should be considered, that the groove diameter of the
sheave is at least 1% bigger than the measured rope diameter. If the groove diameter is too big, the support of the rope is not very
good anymore and the surface pressure increases. Consequently the lifetime of the rope decreases steadily with an increasing
groove diameter. If the groove diameter is too small, the rope will be squeezed and the lifetime d Steel sheaves rops extremely.
Modulus of elasticity
Within a rope construction the modulus of elasticity varies slightly in dependence of the rope diameter, the lay type (lang’s lay or
regular lay) and of the tensile strength of the wire. As a rule, the modulus of elasticity of wire ropes increases over the lifetime of
the rope.
120
60
100
80
0.900 1.3001.2501.2001.1501.1001.0501.0000.9500.850
40
20
0
I N F L U E N C E O F T H E G R O OV E D I A M E T E R O N T O T H E R O P E L I F E T I M E
RopeLifetime(%)
A c t u a l S h e a v e G r o o v e D i a m e t e r / A c t u a l R o p e D i a m e t e r
Hylift K16 Hylift K16S Hyfil K18 Hyfil K16T Hylift K4 Hyfil R8 Hyfil K8 Hyfil K8W Hyfil K8T Hyfil K10
120
60
100
80
40
20
0
M O D U L U S O F E L A S T I C I T Y O F R O P E
E-Modulus(kN/mm2
)
37
38. Radial stability without load
In multi-layer spooling wire ropes are additionally to tensile and bending loads exposed to enormous transverse loads. In order to
be able to withstand these loads and to avoid spooling problems, a high degree of radial stability is necessary.The radial stability
of the rope also influences the deforming behavior of the drum.That’s why it is important for the designer of the drum to know the
radial stability in the form of the transverse modulus of elasticity of the ropes. Radial stability is defined as the resistance of a wire
rope against transverse (radial) deformation (Ovalization). KISWIRE measures the radial stability of its products and without load
(below test facility).
Flexibility
The flexibility of a rope is a measure of how easily a rope allows itself to bend around a given diameter.The flexibility of a rope is
among other things dependent on the line pull.The flexibility of an unloaded rope can be measured by the sag of a rope under its
own weight.The figure bellowed shows the maximum sag of the rope for different free rope lengths (expressed as a multiple of
the rope diameter).The flexibility of ropes under load is measured as the efficiency factor of the rope while running over a sheave.
F L E X I B I L L I T Y O F R O P E
0
-15
-5
-10
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
MaximumSag∆h/d[-]
F r e e Te s t L e n g t h L / d ( - )
10xd 20xd 30xd 40xd 50xd 60xd
Unflexible Rope
Average Flexible Rope
Average Flexible Rope
Dx
F
F
Dy
Te s t i n g D e v i c e
Hyfil K8 Hyfil K8T Hylift K16 Hylift K16S Hyfil K18
Ovalization under 7,5 kN 1,5% 1,6% 1,7% 1,7% 1,1%
Ovalization under 120 kN 14% 11,9% 11.3% 12,4% 9,1%
M E A S U R E M E N T W I T H O U T L O A D
38