Kin191 A. Ch.4. Foot. Toes. Evaluation. Fall 2007
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This document provides an overview of evaluating the foot and lower extremity for injuries. It outlines areas to inspect, palpate, and perform range of motion and special tests on including the toes, metatarsals, tarsals, and ankle. Neurological and vascular evaluations are also summarized. Key areas of focus include inspection for deformities, swelling, calluses; palpation of bones, joints, tendons; range of motion and ligament testing of the toes, tarsometatarsal joints, and midtarsal joints.
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Flat foot, also known as pes planus, is a condition where the arch of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole of the foot to touch the ground. It can be congenital or acquired later in life. Flexible flat foot can be corrected by dorsiflexing the toes while rigid flat foot cannot. Treatment depends on the type and severity, ranging from exercises and orthotics to reconstructive surgery like triple arthrodesis for rigid flat foot. The goal is to relieve pain by restoring the arch alignment and motion of the foot.
Clinical Examination of Hip
The document provides information on clinical examination of the hip joint. It begins with anatomy of the hip joint and associated muscles and ligaments. It then discusses elements of history taking including pain characteristics. The physical examination section covers inspection of gait, limb posture and length, palpation of bony landmarks and muscles, range of motion testing, and special tests like Trendelenburg test. Measurements of limb length discrepancies both apparent and true are also described.
Arches of the foot and plantar fascitiis
A detailed description of the anatomy, physiology of arches. Plantar fasciitis is covered thoroughly from Mann's foot and ankle surgery book.
Hallux valgus
This document provides an overview of hallux valgus, including its etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, evaluation, classification systems, non-operative and operative treatment options. Key points include:
- Hallux valgus is a common foot deformity involving the big toe. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more common in females.
- Causes include biomechanical instability, arthritic/metabolic conditions, and trauma. The deformity progresses as the abductor hallucis muscle becomes unopposed.
- Evaluation involves assessing angles on weight-bearing radiographs and classifying severity.
- Treatment ranges from footwear modifications and orthoses to various osteotomy procedures depending on deform
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1. The document discusses the phases of soft tissue healing (inflammatory, repair/regeneration, remodeling/maturation), fracture healing (inflammation and hematoma formation, cellular proliferation, callous formation, bony union/ossification, remodeling), and nerve healing.
2. The inflammatory phase involves redness, pain, warmth, swelling and limited range of motion as the body responds to tissue damage. The repair phase sees new blood vessel growth and fibroblast activity forming new connective tissue. Remodeling shapes the scar tissue.
3. Fracture healing similarly progresses from inflammation and clot formation to new bone growth bridging the fracture via a callous before remodeling the bone. Nerve
Kin 189 Characteristics Of A Profession, Contemporary Issues
The document discusses the characteristics of an athletic training profession and some contemporary issues in athletic training. It outlines six generally accepted characteristics of a profession including theoretical knowledge, training and education, certification, adherence to a code of ethics, service to the public good, and organization. It then provides details on how athletic training meets these characteristics through its skill-based theoretical knowledge, education and certification requirements, code of ethics, service to both traditional and new patient populations, and professional organizations. Finally, it lists some contemporary issues in athletic training such as changes in regulation, education, employment settings, and position statements on various health and safety topics.
Kin 189 Protective Equipment
This document discusses protective equipment used in sports to prevent and care for athletic injuries. It covers materials used for protective splints and braces, including properties like density, strength, rigidity, and durability. It also describes protective gear for different body parts, including the head, face, trunk, upper and lower extremities. Common protective equipment includes helmets, mouthguards, shoulder pads, shin guards, and ankle braces. Factors in choosing appropriate equipment include the type of sport, positions played, and individual anatomical considerations.
Kin 188 Thoracic And Abdominal Evaluation And Injuries
This document provides an overview of anatomy and common injuries of the thorax, abdomen, and associated organ systems. It describes the bony, muscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, genitourinary, and reproductive anatomy. Evaluation methods like history, inspection, palpation, and special tests are outlined. Common thoracic injuries discussed are rib fractures, pneumothorax, and hemothorax. Abdominal injuries covered include liver, spleen, kidney, and reproductive organ injuries. Appendicitis, testicular torsion, and conditions like the female athlete triad are also summarized.
Kin 188 Therapeutic Modalities And Rehabilitation
Therapeutic modalities and rehabilitation are used to treat athletic injuries. Modalities like ice, heat, ultrasound and electrical stimulation are applied based on the injury, severity, and doctor's prescription to reduce pain and swelling and optimize healing. Rehabilitation follows phases from immobilization and limiting activity to regaining range of motion and strength through therapeutic exercises and sport-specific drills before returning to play, with maintenance exercises after to prevent re-injury.
Kin 188 Standards Of Practice, Legal And Ethical Considerations
Standards of practice guide athletic trainers' actions and promote high ethical standards. Athletic trainers must provide competent care, respect patients' rights and privacy, and avoid conflicts of interest. They are responsible for understanding legal concepts like negligence, informed consent, and liability to minimize risks to patients and litigation risks. Documentation and safety protocols help ensure care meets the standard of care.
Kin 188 Shoulder Evaluation And Injuries
The document provides an overview of shoulder anatomy, evaluation, and common injuries. It describes the bony structures, articulations, muscles, neurological components, and vascular supply of the shoulder. Evaluation involves taking a history, visual inspection, palpation of structures, range of motion testing, and special tests. Common injuries discussed are to the sternoclavicular joint, acromioclavicular joint, glenohumeral joint, rotator cuff, biceps tendon, and fractures of the scapula, clavicle, and humerus.
Kin 188 Record Keeping
1) Medical records for student athletes must be kept confidential following HIPAA and FERPA regulations, stored securely with limited access.
2) Injury evaluations and progress notes should follow a SOAP note format and be updated at each follow up evaluation to document the treatment plan and progress.
3) Insurance billing requires accurate diagnostic and procedural codes on forms to maximize reimbursement for services provided.
Kin 188 Protective Equipment
This document discusses principles of protective equipment used in sports. It provides details on the types of materials used to manufacture protective gear and how different materials can help absorb impacts and protect the body. Guidelines are presented on properly fitting and inspecting football helmets and shoulder pads to ensure they provide maximum protection according to safety standards.
Kin 188 Pre Participation Physical Examinations
The document discusses pre-participation physical examinations (PPE) for athletes. The goals of a PPE are to evaluate an athlete's general health, detect any medical conditions that could increase injury risk, and establish baseline health measurements. A PPE typically involves collecting a medical history, conducting a physical exam checking various body systems, and clearing the athlete for participation or making recommendations. The physical exam covers vital signs, musculoskeletal/neurological functions, and screening for common health issues. Laboratory tests are not usually required but may be used if issues arise during the exam.
Kin 188 Mechanisms And Types Of Injuries
The document discusses various mechanisms and types of athletic injuries. It describes how force, torque, stress and strain can cause soft tissue injuries like contusions, strains and sprains if they exceed the tissue's tolerance. Bone injuries include fractures from excessive force or repeated stress. Nerve injuries can occur from tension or compression and range from temporary neuropraxia to complete neurotmesis.
Kin 188 Knee Injuries And Evaluation
The document discusses knee anatomy, including bony structures like the femur and tibia, ligaments like the ACL and PCL, and muscles like the quadriceps and hamstrings. It outlines the evaluation process for knee injuries, including taking a history of the mechanism of injury, inspecting for deformities or swelling, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common knee injuries are then reviewed such as ACL tears from rotational forces, PCL injuries from falls on a flexed knee, MCL sprains from valgus stress, and meniscal tears that can cause clicking or locking.
Kin 188 Introduction To Athletic Training
The document provides an overview of the roles and responsibilities of members of a sports medicine team, including certified athletic trainers. It discusses the history and development of the profession of athletic training and the National Athletic Trainers' Association. The document also outlines the requirements to become a certified athletic trainer and the domains of practice for athletic trainers.
Kin 188 Injury Evaluation Procedures
The document outlines the procedures for clinically evaluating athletic injuries, including obtaining a history, inspecting and observing the injured area, palpating for things like swelling or muscle spasms, and performing special tests to assess range of motion, ligament integrity, and neurovascular function. The evaluation aims to gather both subjective information from the patient and objective findings from inspection and examination. It also discusses differences between evaluations in a clinical setting versus on the field during a game or practice.
Kin 188 Head And Neck Evaluation And Injuries
This document discusses head and neck injuries, including concussions, skull fractures, cervical spine injuries, and spinal cord injuries. It covers anatomy of the head and neck, evaluation of conscious and unconscious athletes, common injuries, return to play criteria, and special tests to assess range of motion, balance, and cognition. Cervical fractures can cause quadriplegia if the spinal cord is compressed, and second impact syndrome occurs when an athlete sustains a second concussion before symptoms of the first have resolved.
Kin 188 Hip And Thigh Evaluation And Injuries
This document provides an overview of hip and thigh anatomy, evaluation, and common injuries. It describes the bony anatomy of the hip including the acetabulum, femur head, and surrounding ligaments. Evaluation involves taking a thorough history, inspecting for deformities, palpating muscles and bones, and performing range of motion and special tests. Common injuries discussed include muscle strains from overuse, stress fractures, hip dislocations, and bursitis.
Kin 188 General Medical Conditions
This document provides an overview of various medical conditions that are relevant for the prevention and care of athletic injuries, including:
1. Cardiovascular conditions like hypertension, hypotension, sudden cardiac death from conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and non-cardiac causes like substance abuse.
2. Blood and lymph disorders such as anemia, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, and lymphangitis.
3. Neurological conditions including headaches, seizure disorders, meningitis, and encephalitis.
4. Respiratory tract infections and conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract and lungs, like the common cold, sinusitis, bronchitis, and asthma.
Kin 188 Environmental Conditions
The document discusses various environmental conditions and injuries related to heat and cold exposure. It covers topics like heat regulation, heat illness symptoms and treatments, measuring heat stress, cold-related conditions and injuries like frostbite, and hypothermia symptoms. Prevention and management strategies are provided for conditions like heat exhaustion, heat stroke, frostbite, and hypothermia. Factors that can modify heat tolerance like acclimatization, fluid intake, electrolyte replacement, clothing, and age are also reviewed.
Kin 188 Epidemiology Of Athletic Injuries
The document discusses epidemiology and risk factors related to athletic injuries. It provides an overview of sports injury surveillance systems and defines reportable injuries. Several high-risk sports are identified along with common injury sites. Intrinsic risk factors like age, gender, and medical conditions are examined. Adolescent growth-related risks and gender-specific concerns are also outlined.
Kin 188 Emergency Plans And Equipment
The document discusses emergency plans and equipment for athletic injuries. It covers considerations for coverage during practices and games, emergency response personnel including certified athletic trainers, team physicians, EMS personnel, coaches and administrators. It also outlines components of an emergency plan including steps to take during an emergency, communication considerations, necessary emergency equipment, transportation of injured individuals, record keeping, and training of personnel.
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