Kila training Material - session 5 b - മഹാത്മാ ഗാന്ധി ദേശീയ ഗ്രാമീണ തൊഴിലുറപ്പ് പദ്ധതി - കാലാവസ്ഥ വ്യതിയാനം വരുത്തുന്ന ദുരന്തങ്ങൾ തടയൽ - uploaded by T J Joseph Deputy Collector (retd), Kottayam -mob 9447464502

1. കില

2. കില

3. കില
Common triggering factors of slope movements
External and internal causes
Increase in shear stress :
 Erosion and excavation at the toe of the
slope .
 Subterranean erosion (piping).
 Surcharging and loading at the crest (by
deposition or sedimentation).
 Man-made reservoir, flood high tide,
breaching of natural dams.
 Earthquake
 Volcanic eruption.

4. കില
Newspaper bulletins/advertisements. •
Public-service brochures distributed door-to-door or displayed in public
places.•
Community meeting discussions.•
Posters in public buildings and (or) marketplaces with as much visual
information as possible.•
Media announcements through radio, television, loudspeakers, or other
means.•
Public lectures by experts or other officials.•
Signs posted in immediate areas of hazards
Determine local landslide hazard problems through a working committee
and (or) secure professional advice •
Monitor changes in unstable slopes and take appropriate actions •
Construct street and drainage projects that meet local safety needs and
ordinances •
Be informed about insurance programs available and liability issues and
know where local government •
Have an emergency response plan for the community •
Suggested Local Government Outreach for Landslide Hazard

5. കില
Mitigation Methods
Soil Slope Stabilization
Stability increases when ground water is prevented from rising in the slide mass bydirecting
surface water away from the landslide, Draining ground water away from the landslide to
reduce the potential for a rise in ground-water level, Covering the landslide with an
impermeable membrane, and (or) minimizing surface irrigation. Slope stability is also increased
when weight or retaining structures are placed at the toe of the landslide or when mass
(weight) is removed from the head of the slope.

6. കില
• Removal of soil from the head of a slide
• Reducing the height of the slope
Mitigation Methods

7. കില
Strengthening Slopes
Plastic mesh reinforcement
Rock-fill buttresses
Stream channel linings
Mitigation Methods

8. Flood Plain
In this riverbed map, the
river is in blue.
Yellow: Over time and with
flooding, a river changes its
course.
Red: It moves in and out of its
floodplain.

9. Flood Plain

10. കില
Rapid Indian Ocean Warming
Ocean Basin Trend (0 C/117years)
Arabian Sea 1.197
Bay of Bengal 1.063
Indian Ocean 1.061
Atlantic 0.992
Pacific 0.728
Arabian Sea
Bay of Bengal
Indian Ocean
Atlantic
Pacific
Abhilash etal., 2018

11. കില
Hot Tropics and Cyclones
TRACK &
INTENSITY
ANNUAL
MEAN SST

12. കില
Cyclones in a Warming Climate :
Frequency & Intensity is increasing
Increasing frequency of extremely
severe cyclonic storms over
Arabian sea during post-monsoon
season. The recent ESCS, Nilofar,
Chapala, Megh and recent Ockhi
observed during post-monsoon
season over ARB is a clear
evidence of this findings.
Murakami etal., 2017 Baburaj and Abhilash, 2018Post-Monsoon Pre-Monsoon
Epochal variability in the frequency
of CS during the pre-monsoon
season over Arabian Sea. Recent CS
Gonu, Ashoba, Sagar, Meknu are
the examples.

13. കില
Two Pathways to Impact Kerala Coast
This Genesis location is Dangerous
As we not get sufficient lead time
To monitor its evolution
If Genesis occur far East, We will get
more lead time and most of the
system reach Kerala after Crossing
Tamilnadu and by the time Intensity
will reduce.

14. കില
Possible Interception of Fishing Vessels with Ockhi
Co-ordinates of Vessels with Respect to Ockhi Passage.
(Vessel Data Source Manas & Shibani, ICSF)
Fishing
/Interception
Zone

15. കില
Interception of Fishing Vessels with High Wind
Co-ordinates of
Vessels with
Respect to Ockhi
Passage. (Vessel
Data Source Manas
& Shibani, ICSF)

16. കില
Rapid Intensification of Ockhi Cyclone
using IR Image from Geostationary Satellite
Time:Reality
Application of Satellite Data

17. കില
Two cyclones : No causality at Sea : Why?

18. കില
Rescued around
1000 Boats
Evacuated around
3.5 Lakhs People
Example of two successful forecast

19. കില
ഇടിമി ൽ സാധ ത വർധി ു ു
Two Seasons of High Lightning Activity
Abhilash et al., 2018

20. കില
The Value of Wetlands
High net productivity and Biodiversity : Biological Super Market
Water quality improvement : Kidney of Ecosystem
Flood and storm protection : Shock Absorbers for Disasters
Adaptation
&
Mitigation

21. കില
Wetlands & Climate Change
Wetlands are at risk of rapidly declining in quantity and quality due
to impacts associated with climate change. However, wetlands also
provide an effective strategy for mitigating and adapting to the
impacts of climate change. Sea level rise, carbon sequestration, and
invasive species are among the many topics in recent discussions
about wetlands and climate change.
The role of wetlands in sequestering and releasing greenhouse
gases is complex. Wetlands are huge repositories of carbon
worldwide an estimated 500-700 GT globally which is similar in
magnitude to the total amount of atmospheric carbon.

22. കില
Wetland Functions

23. കില
Wetland Functions
Hydrologic processes
Flood control and damage reduction by capturing, storing and slowly releasing water
Coastal wetlands moderate the effects of storms and tsunamis
Beach erosion at Jupiter, Florida

24. കില
More fish are usually found in ocean areas that are next to mangroves compared to
ocean areas where there are no mangroves or where mangroves have been cut
down.
Biological: fish

25. കില
Leaf litter from wetland
plants and mangrove trees
are an important food
source for crabs and
shrimp.
Biological: fish
These crabs and shrimp are
also important food for
many species of birds and
other animals.
wildlife

26. കില
Regulating
STORM/FLOOD PROTECTION (McIvor et al, 2012)

27. കില
Regulating WATER QUALITY
CARBON STORAGE
(Kauffman ad Donato 2012)
CO2
Aboveground C stocks
Belowground C stocks

28. കില
Wetlands in Kerala Annual Rainfall in Kerala

29. കില
Wetlands Ecosystem Services
1. Supporting 3. Provisioning
(Ewel et al., 1998, Duke et al. 2007)
4. Regulating2. Biological
5. Cultural

30. കില
ആേഗാള താപനവും കാലാവ വ തിയാനവും മൂലമു ാകു
തി ഫല ൾ ഏ വും കൂടുതൽ അനുഭവി ാൻ േപാകു
സാ ികമായും സാമൂഹികമായും പാർശ വ കരി െ
ദുർബല ജനവിഭാഗ െള ആയിരി ും.
സു ിര വികസന ല ൾ മൂ ു തത ളിൽ അധി ിതമാ ,
ദാരി ദ നിർമാർജനം , പരി ിതി സംര ണം , എലാ മനുഷ ർ ും
ശാ ിയും സമാധാനവും സമൃദിയും ഉറ ാ ുക.

31. കില
1. ദാരി ദ നിർ ാജനം,
2. പ ിണിയിലാ മ,
3. സ ൂർണ ആേരാഗ ം,
4. നിലവാരമു വിദ ാഭാസം,
5. ലിംഗ സമത ം,
6. ശു ജലവും ശുചിത വും,
7. താ ാവു തും ശു മായതുമായ ഊർ ം,
8. മാന മായ െതാഴിലും സാ ിക വളർ യും,
9. വ വസായ നവീകരണവും അടി ാന സൗകര ള ം,
10. കുറ അസമത ം,
11. സു ിര നഗര ള ം പാേദശിക സമൂഹ ള ം,
12. ഉ രവാദി മു ഉ പാദനവും ഉപേഭാഗവും,
13. കാലാവ ാ മാ ിേനാടു പതികരണം,
14. കാര മതയു ദുര നിവാരണ സംവിധാ ൾ .
15. കരയിെലയും െവ ിെലയും ജീവികള െട നിലനിൽ ്,
16.സമാധാനവും ശ മായ നിയമ ള ം.
17. അവ നട ിലാ ാൻ പാ തിയു ാപന ള ം,
18. ല സാ ാ കരണ ിനുേവ ിയു പ ാളി ം
സു ിര വികസന ല ൾ

32. കില
Risk Knowledge:
(Indentify hazards, Vulnerability,
Climate trend/risk, Meta-Data)
Monitoring and Warning :
(Monitor right meteorological
Parameters at each lead time, Scientific
Analysis and Interpretation, Generate
timely forecast, warning, continuous
evaluation, regular updating,
improvements)
Response Capability:
(Build local capability, review of action
plan and mock drills, Awareness,
preparing people for quick response)
Dissemination and
Communication:
(Assure timely, clear, understandable,
useable information received at
the end user)
Integrated People Centric Multi-
Hazard Early Warning System
Components of Multi-Hazard Early Warning System
© Abhi