The kidneys are paired bean-shaped organs that are about 4-5 inches long and 2-3 inches wide. They remove waste from the blood in the form of urine and help maintain a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to the presence of the liver on the right side of the body. The kidneys filter blood through tiny units called nephrons and remove urea, while also producing hormones to aid blood cell formation. Common kidney diseases include nephritis, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and hematuria. Preventive measures include drinking plenty of water, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight.