Kevin Cummins' Botany Sampler
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This document summarizes a presentation on plant structure and function given to the California Rare Fruit Growers. It discusses how plants are modular organisms with indeterminate growth, and outlines key topics covered including plant cells, stem and leaf structure, photosynthesis, root structure, transport within plants, and flowers and fruit. It provides diagrams and descriptions of topics like epidermal and vascular tissue, growth patterns, chloroplasts and photosynthesis, root architecture, water and sugar transport, and seed dispersal.
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Kevin Cummins' Botany Sampler
- 1. A Quick Tour of Botany for Passionate Gardeners: A Peek into Plant Structure and Function California Rare Fruit Growers, San Diego Chapter June 2012 Kevin Cummins Lifelong Gardener & Plant Experimentalist, Biologist, Biomedical Researcher, Statistician, College Professor and K-6 Science Instructor
- 2. Focus is on Flowering Plants Fruits Come from Flowers
- 3. Plants Are Modular They also have indeterminate growth Modular organism: One that grows by the repeated iteration of parts, e.g. the leaves, shoots and branches of a plant, the polyps of a coral or bryozoan. Modular organisms are almost always branched, though the connections between branches may separate or decay and the separated parts may in many cases then become physiologically independent.
- 6. Indeterminate Growth Senescence in plants is not the same as in animals
- 7. Characteristics of Organisms 2nd Grade Responses Animals Locomotion Communication Think Senses Eat Drink Pee Poop Breath Plants Sessile Green Have roots, stems, leaves Need water Need light Need CO2/Produce O2
- 8. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Transport Root structure Flowers and fruit
- 9. In Kevin’s Mind: Plants
- 10. Plant Cell
- 13. Basic Cell Types
- 16. Basic Tissue Types Epidermis The outer covering Ground The central tissue Vascular Fluid transport system Meristem Embryonic tissue
- 17. Epidermis
- 18. Stomata
- 19. Waxy Cuticle
- 20. Foliar Feeding
- 23. The Plant Body
- 24. ApicalMeristems
- 25. Just a Fairytale
- 26. Growth Patterns Apical and lateral growth
- 27. Secondary Growth Secondary Xylem = Wood
- 28. Wood Wood under high magnification
- 29. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Root structure Transport Flowers and fruit
- 30. Leaf Structure
- 31. Chloroplasts
- 32. Photosynthesis
- 33. Energy Capture Occurs on Membranes
- 34. Part of Cytochrome b6f
- 39. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Root structure Transport Flowers and fruit
- 40. Root Structure
- 43. Internal Communications Example: Roots to Leaves
- 44. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Root structure Transport Flowers and fruit
- 45. Water Transport
- 48. Sugar Transport
- 49. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Root structure Transport Flowers and fruit
- 51. Seeds and Fruit
- 53. Energetics of Seed Size and Fat Content Notes: Model seed contains 1 kcal of energy. From Lokesha et al 1991
- 56. Evolutionary Flexibility of Fruit
- 57. Fruit Ripening (Not all fruit react to ethylene)
- 58. Toxic Fruit!
- 59. Competing Influences Explain Plant Forms
- 60. Outline Plant cells Stem structure Growth patterns Leaf structure Photosynthesis Root structure Transport Flowers and fruit
- 61. College Biology Characteristic Animals Plants Modular Some Yes Growth Determinant Indeterminate* Internal Communication Nerves/hormo nes hormones Skeleton Internal (bones) Whole Body (cells, cell walls) Sexually Reproduce Most Most Respond to stimuli Yes Yes Energy Source Eat Sunlight*
- 62. College Biology Characteristic Animals Plants Vascular system Yes (Active) Yes (Passive & Active) Require water Yes Yes Make choices Yes Yes* Locomotion Yes* Some* Complex cellular specialization and organization Yes Yes Use Oxygen Yes Yes Use CO2 No Yes
Editor's Notes
- Generally most of our interest is in Angiosperms. Will focus on these plants. Most of you see plants and see (go to fruit)
- Legoland image I see plants like this.
- F. Halle Modular Growth in Plants
- These are to be the “shared characteristics” How is the plant structured so it can get at light, CO2, water, and get rid of wastes. FUNCTION vs Structure. Most striking when comparing to different environments.
- The cell wall. Cellulosic. Chains of glucose. balloon in a box
- Parenchyma, schlerenchyma
- Karl Niklas
- Onion peel
- Obviously, materials applied directly to a leaf are more likely to enter the leaf in large quantity than the same materials applied to the soil. Leaching, chemical reactions, microbial activity, etc. can decrease what actually reaches the roots and is taken up into the plant. But materials applied to the leaf do not necessarily travel throughout the entire plant as effectively as they do through root uptake. They often remain in the same or adjoining tissues but travel no further. This is especially true of those elements recognized as “immobile” within plant tissues (apart from root uptake and xylem transport).
- Vascular system. Recursion of shoot structure. Cell types.
- recursion
- Grafting connection
- Root
- Vessel connections and
- 1.5 grams for fruit to get to to 1kcal in a berry. Mostly water in berry.
- These are to be the “shared characteristics” How is the plant structured so it can get at light, CO2, water, and get rid of wastes. FUNCTION vs Structure. Most striking when comparing to different environments.
- Picture of me in classroom These are to be the “shared characteristics” How is the plant structured so it can get at light, CO2, water, and get rid of wastes. FUNCTION vs Structure. Most striking when comparing to different environments.