Describe the following structuresfunctions or cells Dermal, vascul.pdf

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Describe the following structures/functions or cells: Dermal, vascular, and ground tissues Root, stem, leaf - Monocot leaves and eudicot leaves Parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, water- conducting cells of the xylem, and sugar-conducting cells of the phloem - Sieve-tube element and companion cell Explain the phenomenon of apical dominance Distinguish between determinate and indeterminate growth. Explain function of meristem. Describe and compare the three basic organs of vascular plants. Describe primary growth of stem and root and the formation of lateral roots. Distinguish between morphogenesis, differentiation, and growth Explain the ABC hypothesis of genetic control of flowering. Describe the use of Arabidopsis to understand plant development. Solution 1. 2.Apical dominance is the phenomenon in which the main stem of the plant is dominant over the side lateral stems.The dominance is mainly due to the exclusive control of terminal bud present at shoot apex over the growth of lateral bud present in the lateral shoots.This allows the plant to grow only vertically. 3.Determinate growth means the growth continues till a structure is formed and stops after that while indeterminate growth never terminates and the growth continues.The meristem tissues undergo indeterminate growth and therefore function in active division of plant parts such as stem and roots. 4.The three basic organs of vascular plants are roots, shoot and leaves.Root consists of a root cap and root hairs to increase the surface area of absorption of water and minerals.Stem is the vertical axis of the plant that consists of nodes and internodes.It consists of three tissues, dermal,ground and vascular tissues.Leaves consists of upper and lower epidermis with a mesophyll layer in betwee them.There is an upper palisade layer and a lower spongy layer in the mesophyll.Presence of green pigment called chlorophyll present in the leaves to carry out photosynthesis.Roots function to absorb water and dissolve nutrients from the soil and help the plant to anchor in the soil. Stems provide support to the plant and and transport water and food throughout the plant. Leaves function in photosynthesis and gaseous exchange. 5.When there is an increase in the length of stem and the root of plant , it is known as primary growth. It results due to the division of cell present at the apical meristem of stem and roots.Lateral roots are formed by division of cells present in the pericycle of the xylem radius of the root. 6.Morphogenesis is the process by which an organism starts to develop its morphology i.e size,shape and structure while differentiation is the process by which cells or tissues or organs develop specialised characters the development process while growth is the process by which the cell increases in size. 7.According to the ABC hypothesis,there are 3 classes of genes known as A,B and C that are transcription factors required to form different whorls of the flower. A genes form whor.

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develop specialised characters the development process while growth is the process by which the
cell increases in size.
7.According to the ABC hypothesis,there are 3 classes of genes known as A,B and C that are
transcription factors required to form different whorls of the flower. A genes form whorls 1 and
2, B genes form whorls 2 and 3, and C genes form whorls 3 and 4. Both A and B genes are
required to form whorl 2, and both B and C genes are required to form whorl 3.
8. Arabdiopsis development, reproduction, and response to stress and disease is similar to that of
crop plants. Moreover, it produces many seeds and therefore extensive genetic experiments on
plant develoment can be carried out.Also, Arabidopsis genome size is small and therefore
genetic analysis can be done easily.It also lacks the repeated DNA sequences that usually bring
complication in genome analysis.For all these reasons,Arabidopsis proves to be an ideal
organism for studying developmen of plant.

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Need to revise working code below, A good design means the application should scale easily -- that is, the application should be designed so that additional processing requirements can be added without making having to rewrite the application each time. Revise code below to add the following design features: Move the code to display the menu to it\'s own method. Create a method to handle capturing the shape dimensions. One approach may be to pass to the method the dimension to enter (\"base\", \"height\", \"side\" or \"radius\") as a String. Processing for each of the shapes matched in the switch statement should also be moved to their own methods. Notes - The program should \"look and feel\" like the code below. The program should display the menu and prompt the user for a shape (or an exit). If the user enters a value that corresponds to a shape, program control (via the switch statement) should transfer control to a method specific to the shape that will pass control to prompt for the appropriate dimensions to another method, then calculate the area and perimeter (circumference) as directed in PLP06, and display the result. The program should repeat from step 1 above. import java.util.Scanner; public class Pickashape { //Declaring constant public static final double PI = 3.14159; public static void main(String[] args) { //Declaring variable int choice; //Scanner class Obejct is used to read the inputs entered by the user Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); //This loop continues to execute until user enters choice \'5\' do { //Displaying the menu System.out.println(\"\ \ Choose the shape\"); System.out.println(\"1. Square\"); System.out.println(\"2. Rectangle\"); System.out.println(\"3. Circle\"); System.out.println(\"4. Triangle\"); System.out.println(\"5. Quit\"); System.out.print(\"Enter your choice:\"); choice = sc.nextInt(); //Based on the User selection the corresponding case will be executed switch (choice) { //This case will calculate the area and perimeter of the square case 1: { //Declaring variables double side, area, perimeter; //Getting the side of the square entered by the user System.out.print(\"Enter the side (as a decimal):\"); side = sc.nextDouble(); //calculating the area of the square area = side * side; //calculating the perimeter of the square perimeter = 4 * side; //Displaying the area of the square System.out.println(\"The area is \" + area); //Displaying the perimeter of the square; System.out.println(\"The perimeter is \" + perimeter); break; } case 2: { //Declaring variables double firstside, secondside, area, perimeter; //Getting the first side of the rectangle System.out.print(\"Enter the first side (as a decimal):\"); firstside = sc.nextDouble(); //Getting the second side of the rectangle System.out.print(\"Enter the second side (as a decimal):\"); secondside = sc.nextDouble(); //Calculating the area of the rectangle area = firstside * secondside; //Calculating the perimeter of the rectangle perimeter = 2 * fi.

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Mollusca Identify the distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Mollusca, in terms of body plan, embryonic development, symmetry, organ systems, etc Describe the process of torsion and identify which class of mollusk undergoes torsion Describe differences among the different classes of mollusks as discussed in class, give examples of each What are the distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Rotifera? Understand the differences in cephalization among the mollusk classes and be able to give reasons why. Know the difference between external and internal fertilization. Solution Identify the distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Mollusca, in terms of body plan, embryonic development, symmetry, organ systems, etc ANS: some characcteristic of phylum Mollusca are : they have unsegmented and have bilateral symmetry,they have reduced coelom,have complete digestive sysytem,have large complex metanephridia,Mantle for braething and excretion,head foot and visceral mass. Describe the process of torsion and identify which class of mollusk undergoes torsion Ans: A visceral mass is present which starts twisting during development in such a way that one side of the mass grows faster than the other side.This leads to the uneven growth.This uneven growth rotates visceral mass and take to the position of 1800 relative to head.This is called Torsion.This is a important or key characterictic of this group,along with a foot which is modified for crawling. Describe differences among the different classes of mollusks as discussed in class, give examples of each Ans: different classes of Mollusks are: a) Aplacophora-eg Worms like animals. b) Monoplacophora:eg- Neopilina galatheae c)Polyplacophora: eg- Chitons -Lepidopleurus. d) Bivalvia:eg oysters,musseles. e) Gastropoda eg: garden snails,conispiral f) Cephalopoda: eg:octopus What are the distinguishing characteristics of Phylum Rotifera? Ans: They are tiny multicellular organisms,They have pseudocoelum,have alimentary canal.separate mouth and anus. Understand the differences in cephalization among the mollusk classes and be able to give reasons why. ANS:The cephalization in different classes of mollusks are in cephalopoda they are moslty cephalised and used for camouflage. And polyplacophoda they are nomewhat cephalized and used for survival. Know the difference between external and internal fertilization. ANS: Fertilization is a process in which sperm and egg unite to form a new individual. The difference between internal and external fertilization is that in internal fertilization sperm fertilizes the egg within the female and female give birth to a live individual whereas in external fertilization both sperm and egg release into external environment and sperm will fertilize egg in outside environment . for example in spawning..

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Match the directional term with it\'s Correct ipsilateral media inferior superficial proximal posterior distal anterior lateral contralateral deep superior above below front back center side same side other side closer to the trunk farther from the trunk surface internal Solution Ipsilateral-same side Medial- center Inferior-below Superficial-surface Proximal-closer to the trunk Posterior-back Distal-farther from the trunk Anterior-front Lateral-side Contralateral-other side Deep-internal superior-above.

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