This is a presentation about the glorious kaziranga national park of assam, showing some famous and beautiful animals and birds of the park and some common problems.

2. Location of Kaziranga National Park: tucked in Golaghat
district of Assam, the park lies along the main highway
between Johhat and the Guwahati. Hamlet of Bokakhat
lies to the east, 23 KM (14 miles) from Kaziranga. The park
is flanked by the Bodo hills to the west.
Climate of Kaziranga National Park: The temperature
during Summer is moderate (35° C to 95° F) while winter
night are chilly (minimum of 7° C to 45° F ). This place
receives heavy rainfall during summer (2300mm to 90
inch).

3. The Park is 40km long and 13km wide. It lies in the flood
plain of the Brahmaputra River, sloping very gradually from
east to west against a backdrop of the foothills and snow-
covered peaks of the eastern Himalayas.
The riverside habitat consists primarily of dense tall
grassland interspersed with open forests, interconnecting
streams and numerous small flood formed lakes which
cover some 5% of its area.
The whole park is occasionally flooded for 5-10 days, and
three-quarters of the western area is annually submerged.
The soils are alluvial.

4. Map of kaziranga national park showing Rivers, Road, Railways

5. Mikir tribesmen live in the neighboring Karbi-Anglong hills to
the south.
There are no villages inside the national park but it is densely
bordered on three sides by human settlements and tea
plantations.
There are 39 villages within a 10km radius of the park, with an
estimated population of 22,300 people in 1983-1984, most of
them very poor subsistence farmers tempted by poverty to fish
and poach wildlife in the Park.

6. The Mikir Tribe

7. The interior of the Park is accessible outside the flood
season (May to October), mostly on elephant-back, by
4WD vehicles or seen from watchtowers.
Guides are mandatory and foot safaris are banned. There
are seven tourist lodges in the Park. Some 22,020 people
visited the park in 1983-84, and 15,700 in 1997. With the
lessening of political turmoil in Assam the tourist potential
of Kaziranga has begun to develop again. In 2001-02 there
were 46,306 visitors. In 2003 an Elephant Festival was
held and tourist companies were once more visiting the
Park regularly.

8. Tourists taking a tour in a jeep.
A tour on elephants back

9. AIRWAYS:The two most convenient bases for getting to Kaziranga are
Jorhat and Guwahati. Jorhat, 97 km from the sanctuary, is the nearest
airport, but Guwahati’s Borjhar Airport, 239 km from Kaziranga, is
connected by more flights.
RAILWAYS: The nearest station is Furkating, situated 75-km away
from Kaziranga National Park.
ROADWAYS: The main gate for Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary, at
Kohora on the NH-37, consists of a handful of cafes and a small local
market. ASTC and private buses stop here on their way to and from
Guwahati, Tezpur and Upper Assam.

10. •On January 28, 1913,, the area of reserved forest was
expanded and Kaziranga was declared a "Game
Sanctuary" on November 10, 1938.
•The then conservator of forests, AJW Milroy, stopped all
poaching and opened Kaziranga to tourists.
•However, in 1950 the name was changed to "wildlife
sanctuary" as the word "game" co notated animals for
hunting.
•On February 11, 1974. It was declared "Kaziranga
National Park. It was listed a world heritage site in 1985.

11. The world’s largest population of one horned rhinoceros
(70 per cent). Wild buffalo (50 per cent) and swamp deer
(65 per cent) are in the Kaziranga National Park.
There were 1164 Indian one-horned rhinoceros and 1034
Asiatic wild buffalo in the park in 1993. The figure of the
rhino in 1999 was of 1200. The number of elephant was
982 and tigers 804 in 1997. There were 526 swamp deer
in 1993.

12. Although there are other animals and birds in the park but the
concentration is more on the protection of this animal. In fact,
Kaziranga can also be described as an oasis for wildlife.
The great one horned Rhinosaures.
(Rhinoceros unicornis)

13. The Great one horned Rhino is commonly found in Nepal, Bhutan,
Pakistan and Assam, India.
The Indian rhino can run at the speed of 25kmph(40kmph)
Indian Rhinos are brownish in colour and are hairless. They have
knobby skin that appears to be amour-plated.

14. Kaziranga National Park has the highest density and the third highest
population of tigers in the country.
The tiger density in Kaziranga is 12.72 per 100 square km.
The park was declared a tiger reserve in 2007
The royal Bengal tiger
(Panthera Tigris Tigris)

15. One more important animal is the great Indian elephant.
they stand eight to ten feet tall at the shoulder. Females weigh about
6,000 pounds and males can weigh up to 11,900 pounds.
Indian Elephants
(Elephas maximus indicus)

16. The wild water buffalo occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand and Cambodia,
with an unconfirmed population in Myanmar.
In India, the species is largely restricted to in and
around Kaziranga, Manas and Dibru-Saikhowa National Parks, Laokhowa
Wildlife Sanctuary and Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary and in a few
scattered pockets in Assam. They weigh from 600 to 1,200 kg head-to-
body-length is 240 to 300 cm (94 to 118 in) with a tail 60 to 100 cm (24 to
39 in) long
Wild water Buffalo
(Bubalus arnee)

17. The swamp deer is a deer species distributed in the Indian
subcontinent. Populations in northern and central India are
fragmented, and two isolated populations occur in
southwestern Nepal.
The barasingha is a large deer with a shoulder height of 44 to
46 inch and a head-to-body length of nearly 6 ft.
Swamp Deer
(Cervus duvaucelii)

18. Apart from being the home of the one-horned
rhino, Kaziranga is also the natural habitat of wild
buffaloes, Asiatic Elephant, Indian Bison, wild
boars, barasingha (Eastern swamp deer),
leopards, tigers, Jackal, hoollock gibbons, capped
langur, rock python, and monitor lizards. Although
tigers inhabit this park, it is quite difficult to sight
one.

20. Almost 478 species of birds (both migratory and
resident) have been spotted at the park, including 25
globally threatened and 21 near threatened species.
Every forest range of kaziranga offer different insight to
the avian world of kaziranga. The eastern range is great
for raptors, fishing birds and waterfowl. The central
range is great for grass land birds and migratory birds.
The western range is more like a healthy combination.

21. The most famous bird of kaziranga is undoubtedly the Bengal Florican.
It is said during the mating season, the male jump up at least 20 feet in
the air to win over a female.
Bengal florican
(Houbaropsis bengalensis)

22. The grey headed fish eagle is a fish eating bird of prey
from south east Asia.
It is a large stocky raptor having dark brown upper body,
grey head and lighter underbelly and white legs.
grey-headed fish eagle
(Haliaeetus ichthyaetus)

23. This bird mainly breeds in India and Sri lanka. it is a medium large raptor at
about 60-70 cm in length with a 127-138 cm wingspan.
Normally brown above, white below the undersides of the flight feathers and
tail. Males are about 15 cm smaller than females.
crested hawk-eagle
(Nisaetus cirrhatus)

24. Alaxandrine parrot is named after Alaxander the great, who transported
numerous birds from Punjab to various parts European and
Mediterranean countries.
They are 56-62 cm long, weighing about 200-300 g. The tail is 28-35
cm long.
It is generally green with light blue-grey sheen on cheeks and nape,
yellow-green abdomen and red beak.
Alexandrine parakeet
(Psittacula eupatria)

25. Kaziranga National Park protects as many as 325 avian
species. Often the solitude of the forest is interrupted by
the musical notes of the Hill Myna in the distant valleys
and hills.
Other birds include the Adjutant Stork, while other
prominent species are the Fishing and Crested Eagle,
Sultan Tit, Collared Bush Chat, White-capped Redstart,
Yellow and Pied Wagtail, Indian Lorikeet, Red-Breasted
Parakeet, Spotted Forktail and Blue Thrush, etc. Among
the many water birds are large Cormorant, Lesser
Whistling Teal, Bar-headed Goose, Merganser and Comb
Duck.

27. Four main types of vegetation exist in the park. These are
alluvial inundated grasslands, alluvial savanna
woodlands, tropical moist mixed deciduous forests, and
tropical semi-evergreen forests.
Based on Landsat data for 1986, percent coverage by
vegetation is: tall grasses 41%, short grasses 11%,
open jungle 29%, swamps 4%, rivers and water bodies
8%, and sand 6%.

28. Kaziranga National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site. It has the world’s largest population of One Horned
Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros uncornis). It is also a natural
habitat of many rare and endangered species including
tiger (Panthera Tigris), Indian elephant (Elephas
maximus), capped langur (Trachypithecus pileatus),
leopard (Panthera pardus), water buffalo (Bubalus
arnee), swamp deer (Cervus duvaucelii), hog deer (Axis
porcinus), and many species of birds and reptiles.

29. Illegal rhino horn trade has been the main reason
one poaching. Other parts like its skin and nails
are sold in high price in the market.

30.  Trapping in a pit depends largely on the terrain and availability of
grass to cover it; pits are dug out in such a way that a fallen animal
has little room to manoeuvre with its head slightly above the pit, so
that it is easy to saw off the horn.
 Electrocution is used where high voltage powerlines pass through
or near a protected area, to which poachers hook a long, insulated
rod connected to a wire, which is suspended above a rhino path.
 Poisoning by smearing zinc phosphide rat poison
or pesticides on salt licks frequently used by rhinos is sometimes
used.
 A noose, which cuts through the rhino's skin, kills it by
strangulation.

31. Kaziranga is the 2nd largest tiger reserve in India.
Tigers are generally hunted for their skin and bones, which
are sold in very high price. There are only 104 tigers left
in kaziranga.

32.  Loss of habitat: The staggering growth in the human
population throughout tiger range countries means less
space for the tiger and the depletion of its prey forcing it
into conflict with humans.
 Poaching: The demand for tiger parts as trophies, status
symbols and as an ingredient in traditional Chinese
medicine is driving the tiger to the brink of extinction

33. Poaching of elephants for ivory is a serious threat in some
parts of Asia. Poaching of tuskers impacts on sex ratios
that become highly female biased

34.  Escalating poaching, or illegal killing, for the
commercial trade in ivory and meat.
 Growing demands of exploding human
populations and poverty.
 Increasing loss and fragmentation of natural
habitats and lack of land-use planning.
 Rising conflict with humans over diminishing
resource

35. Interbreeding, hunting and loss of floodplains are
some reasons for its disappearance.

36.  interbreeding with feral and domestic buffalo in and
around protected areas;
 hunting, especially in Thailand, Cambodia, and
Myanmar;
 habitat loss of floodplain areas due to conversion to
agriculture and hydropower development;
 degradation of wetlands due to invasive species such
as stem twiners and lianas
 diseases and parasites transmitted by
domestic livestock
 interspecific competition for food and water between
wild buffalo and domestic stock.

37. The swamp deer populations outside protected areas and
seasonally migrating populations are threatened
by poaching for antlers and meat, which are sold in local
markets.

38.  poaching for antlers and meat, which are sold in
local markets.
 Swamp deer lost most of its former range
because wetlands were converted and used for
agriculture.
 The remaining habitat in protected areas is
threatened by the change in river dynamics,
reduced water flow during summer,
increasing siltation.

39. Presented by- Arindam Sarkar
Roll no.- 15
Institute- ITI Guwahati
Trade- C.O.P.A