- Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a mass over 300 times that of Earth. It has 64 known moons, including the four largest called the Galilean moons - Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. - Jupiter has intense radiation belts and a powerful magnetic field over 20,000 times stronger than Earth's. Its magnetic field traps energetic particles and creates spectacular auroras and synchrotron radiation. - The Great Red Spot is a massive persistent storm on Jupiter twice the size of Earth that has lasted over 300 years. Jupiter's moon Io's volcanic activity feeds sulfur dioxide into Jupiter's magnetosphere, creating intense radiation belts around the planet.

2. Basic Measurement Units
Light of speed in vacuum c=2.99792x108m/s
1light year 9.4605x1015m
Mass of earth M =5.9736x1024kg
Acceleration m/s2
Volume m3
Density kg/m3
Temperature Kelvin=0 k=-273.15 oC
Astronomical(AU) =149598000km
unit

3. Physical properties of Jupiter
Jupiter
Orbital radius(AU) 5.2
Orbital period(year) 11.9
Orbital velocity(km/s) 13.1
Mass(kg) 1.8987x1027
Equatorial 143
diameter(1000km)
Density(g/cm3) 1.326
Rotational period(hours) 9.9
Obliquity(degrees) 3.1
Surface gravity(m/s2) 25.1
Escape velocity(km/s) 60.2
Orbital eccentricity 0.048
No. of moons 64known moons
Eccentricity 0.04839266

4. Ancient astronomers didn’t have telescopes, but they knew
there was something strange about the planets. They
tracked the motion of the planets with incredible accuracy
and believed that they were somehow associated with gods
in their mythologies. Jupiter is named after the Roman god,
thought to be the head of the gods; he’s the same as Zeus in
Greek mythology.
when Galileo pointed his first rudimentary telescope at
Jupiter. What he saw was the disk of Jupiter and the 4
largest moons orbiting the planet. Since all the heavenly
bodies were thought to orbit the Earth, it was thought to be
impossible for objects to orbit one another.

8. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot
The Great Red Spot
is a huge storm
measuring 12,000 by
25,000 km (7,500 by
15,500 miles), which
is big enough to hold
two Earths side by
side. While Jupiter's
cloud patterns can
change within hours
or days like on Earth,
the Spot has lasted
for over 300 years.

9. Mystery of storms in Jupiter

11. Magnetic Powerhouse - Jupiter
At very high pressures inside Jupiter, hydrogen begins to act
like a liquid metal This provides an electrically conducting
fluid in which a magnetic field is generated.
Jupiter's magnetic field is inclined 10o to its rotation axis, an
orientation similar too Earth’s, but its axis is displaced about
a tenth of a radius from the planet’s center.
The total strength of Jupiter’s magnetic field is nearly 20,000
times that of Earth’s.

12. Magnetic Powerhouse - Jupiter

15. Are there any seasons in Jupiter
There is almost no seasons in Jupiter. This is
due to 3 degree inclination. As the inclination
of its equatorial plane to its orbital plane
called obliquity.

16. JUPITER MAGNETOSPHERER PRODUCE
SYNCHROTORN RADITAION
Rapidly moving ELECTRONS IN Jupiter
magnetosphere spiral around the direction of
magnetic field, and as they do so they emit
synchrotron radiation. To emit synchrotron
radiation electrons have to spiral to nearly
speed of light. To listen synchrotron radiation
you can take radio and the charrrrr…. When
the radio doesn’t catch any frequency that
voice contain 10 % of synchrotron radiation
coming from different cosmos.

17. SYNCHROTORN RADITAION

18. Radiation Belts
The fast moving charged particles slam into
neutral atoms in magnetosphere of Jupiter,
and the energy released in the resulting high-
speed collision heats the plasma to extreme
temp. The temperature of plasma is over 300
Kelvins : 20times the temperature at the
center of the Sun! The density of plasma
(around 10,000atoms/m3) was much lower
than the vacuum we can produce on Earth.
This situation was encountered by Voyager1.

19. Io’s Plasma Torus
The most intense radiation belt in the solar
system is a toroidal ring of plasma associated
with Io, the innermost of Jupiter's four
Galilean moons. Because of its low surface
gravity violence of volcanism, some of the
gases erupting from its interior can escape
moon and can become the part of Jupiter’s
radiation belt.

20. Io’s Flux tube
Jupiter’s auroras have an added twist that we do
not see on Earth , however. As Jupiter's
magnetic field sweeps past Io, it behave like a
dynamo, generating an electric potential of
4000,000 volts. Electrons accelerate by this
enormous electric field spiral along the
direction of Jupiter’s magnetic field. This
result in magnetic channel, called a flux tube.

22. Moons of Jupiter
 There are 64 known moos of Jupiter . The first person
to view them throw a telescope was Galileo Galilei so
they were named as Galilean moons. They are Io,
Europa, Ganymede and Callisto.

25. • Europa or Jupiter II, is the sixth closest moon of
the planet Jupiter, and the smallest of its
four Galilean satellites. Europa was discovered in
1610 by Galileo Galilei. Slightly smaller than
Earth's Moon, Europa is primarily made
of silicate rock and probably has an iron core. It
has a tenuous atmosphere composed primarily
of oxygen. Its surface is composed of ice and is
one of the smoothest in the Solar System. It is
believed that beneath the surface there is liquid
water and life is also possible.

29. Callisto