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GOING AOT WITH GRAALVM – DEVOXX GREECE.pdf
The document provides an overview of GraalVM, an advanced JDK that supports ahead-of-time compilation for Java applications, discussing its features, history, and performance benefits. It highlights the efficiency of native image compilation, improvements in resource usage, startup times, and security aspects like reduced attack surface. Additionally, the document encourages developers to utilize GraalVM for building and deploying cloud-native applications efficiently.
GOING AOT WITH GRAALVM – DEVOXX GREECE.pdf
- 1. Going AOT: Everythingyou need to know about GraalVM for Java applications Alina Yurenko Devoxx Greece
- 2. •Alina Yurenko /@alina_yurenko •Developer Advocate for GraalVM at Oracle •Love open source and communities 🤝 •Love both programming 👩💻 & natural languages 🗣 •🐱🐶 About me 2
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- 4. An advanced JDKwith ahead-of-time Native Image compilation 4
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- 6. 2017 Year 2018 20192020 2021 2022 2023 2005 2011 ... ... Sun Labs’ Maxine Java JVM initial release December Native Image open sourced April Twitter uses Graal JIT for core microservices October Micronaut 1.0 with Native Image support April GraalVM 1.0 released April Thomas Wuerthinger joins Oracle and starts Graal compiler project March Spring Native goes beta November Quarkus 1.0 with Native Image support May GraalVM goes GA (19.0 release) September MicroDoc announces GraalVM for embedded July Alibaba deploys Native Image in production July Facebook deploys GraalVM in production May AWS SDK support for Native Image November Spring Boot 3 with Native Image support December OpenJDK Galahad project proposed July Google Cloud Platform SDK support for Native Image June GraalVM Free Terms and Conditions license September GraalOS & Layered Native Image announced March Azure SDK support for Native Image September Oracle Cloud runs services on GraalVM Graal History
- 7. Copyright © 2024,Oracle and/or its affiliates GraalVM Native Image AOT Compilation 7 Ahead-of-Time Compilation Application Libraries JDK Substrate VM Points-to Analysis Run Initializations Heap Snapshotting Input: All classes from application, libraries, and VM Code in Text Section Image Heap in Data Section Image Heap Writing Output: Native executable
- 8. Compact Packaging 8 GraalVM Native Image—FastStart Up and Much More Improved Security Fast Start & Scale Lower Resource Usage Predictable Performance Supported Azure AWS GCP OCI
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- 10. 10 Ready for GraalVMNative Image graalvm.org/native-image/libraries-and-frameworks
- 11. Libraries, dynamic Javafeatures, and Native Image 11 • Libraries might be Native-Image friendly out of the box • twitter.com/YunaMorgenstern/status/1729039787351536084 • Libraries might include config for Native Image: • github.com/h2database/h2database/blob/master/h2/src/main/META-INF/native-image/ • Libraries might contain config in the Reachability Metadata Repository • github.com/oracle/graalvm-reachability-metadata/tree/master/metadata/io.netty • You can use framework support to produce custom “hints” for Native Image runtimeHints.resources().registerPattern(“config/app.properties”); //register resource @Reflective //flag elements that require reflection • You can use the Tracing Agent to produce the necessary config automatically • graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/native-image/metadata/AutomaticMetadataCollection/ • You can provide/extend config for reflection, JNI, resources, serialization, and predefined classes manually in JSON: • graalvm.org/latest/reference-manual/native-image/metadata/#specifying-metadata-with-json Happy path; most of the cases Custom code
- 12. GraalVM Native Image& JUnit 12 @EnabledInNativeImage • used to signal that the annotated test class or test method is only enabled when executing within GraalVM native images • when applied at the class level, all test methods within that class will be enabled within a native image @DisabledInNativeImage • used to signal that the annotated test class or test method is only disabled when executing within a GraalVM native image.
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- 14. Spring PetClinic onOracle GraalVM - Peak Throughput 14
- 15. Spring PetClinic onOracle GraalVM - Memory Efficiency 15
- 16. Spring PetClinic Performanceon Oracle GraalVM 16 GraalVM CE with C2 JIT Oracle GraalVM Native Image Memory Usage (max RSS) 1,029 MB 641 MB Peak throughput 11,066 req/s 11,902 req/s Throughput per memory 12,488 req/(GB*s) 18,569 req/(GB*s) Tail latency (P99) 7.2ms 5.15ms Startup 7,090ms 210ms -38% lower +8% higher +49% better -28% lower 34x faster
- 17. 17 Tips, tricks, andbest practices 👩🔬
- 18. Copyright © 2024,Oracle and/or its affiliates Container Size (MB) 0 125 250 375 500 Debian 12-slim + JDK 21 Distroless Java 21 Distroless Java Base + jlink Distroless Java Base + Native Image Distroless Base + Native Image Distroless Static + Native Image 18.1 36.3 48.9 127 199 405 95.5% container image size reduction JDK’s Simple Web Server 18 GraalVM Native Image JVM Compact Packaging
- 19. Cross-Platform Builds onGitHub Actions 19 Windows Executable macOS Executable Linux Executable .class .jar .class .jar GraalVM GitHub Action 🏗
- 20. 20 • Reduced attacksurface area due to dead code removal— unused classes, methods, and fields not included in executable Improved Security • Not vulnerable to JIT compiler attacks all code is AOT compiled • SBOM supporting industry standards Embedded in executables CycloneDX format • Not vulnerable to deserialization attacks via class loading—executable includes only required and specified classes Reduced Attack Surface 🛡
- 21. • Migrate 🚀 •Add Native Build Tools • Alternatively, use recent versions of frameworks • Evaluate libraries: graalvm.org/native-image/libraries-and-frameworks • Build and deploy 👷 • Build and test on GraalVM as the JVM, build with Native Image closer to the deployment • Quick build mode with `-Ob` • Use CI/CD systems (e.g. GitHub actions) for deployment and cross-platform builds • Run faster 🚀 • PGO • ML-enabled PGO • G1 GC • `-march=native` Recommendations
- 22. 22 What’s next forGraalVM
- 23. • Java 22features • The fastest GraalVM yet :) • Developer experience improvements Learn more: medium.com/graalvm GraalVM for JDK 22 🚀 23
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- 25. Layered Native Images 25 Micronautbase Micronaut extensions (Web, Data, Test) Spring base App 1 App 2 App 3 Deployment: resources sharing ☁ JDK base Application code Development: fast recompilation 🚀 JDK base + Micronaut base+ all extensions App 4
- 26. GraalOS—Advanced cloud nativeapplication deployment platform 26 Fast Start GraalOS applications start fast with virtually no cold start cost Low Latency Excellent 99th percentile latency makes GraalOS applications highly responsive Run On Demand GraalOS applications are automatically suspended and resumed on demand —with no idle cost Applications, not Containers GraalOS uses the latest advances in x86 and AArch64 processor architectures for hardware enforced application isolation without containers Reduced Memory GraalOS applications require significantly less memory resulting in reduced operating costs Cloud Native With support for stateful and stateless services and functions, GraalOS is ideal for cloud native applications Runs applications as small, fast GraalVM Native Image compiled machine executables
- 27. Compact Packaging 27 GraalVM Native Image—Idealfor Cloud Native Applications Improved Security Fast Start & Scale Lower Resource Usage Predictable Performance Supported Azure AWS GCP OCI
- 28. Questions & let’sconnect! GraalVM resources
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