In this paper a computational aerodynamic prediction to support the aeromechanical integration of an advanced reconnaissance pod on a 5th generation fighter type aircraft is presented. The aim of the activity was to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the new pod to a previous one already cleared on the same aircraft fleet, given verified inertial and structural similarity. Verifying the aforementioned aerodynamic similarity without involving extensive flight test activity was a must, to save time and to reduce costs. A two steps approach was required by the Certification Authority to verify, initially, the performance data compatibility in terms of aerodynamic coefficients of the old pod with the new one, in order to allow performance flight manual data interchangeability (a quantitative comparison was required); afterwards, a qualitative assessment was conducted to verify the absence of unsteadiness induced by the introduction in the external structure of the new pod of an auxiliary antenna case. Computational results are presented both for Straight and Level Un-accelerated Flight and Steady-Sideslip flight conditions at different Angles of Attack.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Crane Hook Using Finite Element AnalysisIJRTEMJOURNAL
The Crane hooks are very at risk segments that are regularly utilized for mechanical purposes.
In this way such segments in an industry must be produced and composed in an approach to convey most extreme
execution without failure. Failure of a crane hook essentially relies upon three central point i.e. measurement,
material, overload. The undertaking is worried towards expanding the safe load by fluctuating the cross-sectional
measurements of the four distinct segments and diverse materials. The chose areas are square, circle, and
trapezoidal. The territory stays consistent while changing the measurements of the four unique segments. The
crane hook is demonstrated utilizing catia programming. The pressure and life investigation is finished utilizing
ANSYS 18.1 workbench. The ordinary worry along add up to misshaping, stress and life’s according to the
materials considered. It is discovered that trapezoidal cross segment yields most extreme load of 4000 KG to 5000
KG for steady cross segment zone among four cross segment.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
Optimization of Design Parameters for Crane Hook Using Finite Element AnalysisIJRTEMJOURNAL
The Crane hooks are very at risk segments that are regularly utilized for mechanical purposes.
In this way such segments in an industry must be produced and composed in an approach to convey most extreme
execution without failure. Failure of a crane hook essentially relies upon three central point i.e. measurement,
material, overload. The undertaking is worried towards expanding the safe load by fluctuating the cross-sectional
measurements of the four distinct segments and diverse materials. The chose areas are square, circle, and
trapezoidal. The territory stays consistent while changing the measurements of the four unique segments. The
crane hook is demonstrated utilizing catia programming. The pressure and life investigation is finished utilizing
ANSYS 18.1 workbench. The ordinary worry along add up to misshaping, stress and life’s according to the
materials considered. It is discovered that trapezoidal cross segment yields most extreme load of 4000 KG to 5000
KG for steady cross segment zone among four cross segment.
Controller design for gantry crane system using modified sine cosine optimiza...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The objective of this research paper is to design a control system to optimize the operating works of the gantry crane system. The dynamic model of the gantry crane system is derived in terms of trolley position and payload oscillation, which is highly nonlinear. The crane system should have the capability to transfer the material to destination end with desired speed along with reducing the load oscillation, obtain expected trolley position and preserving the safety. Proposed controlling method is based on the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with a series differential compensator to control the swinging of the payload and the system trolley movement in order to perform the optimum utilization of the gantry crane. Standard sine cosine optimization algorithm is one of the most-recent optimization techniques based on a stochastic algorithm was presented to tune the PID controller with a series differential compensator. Furthermore, the considered optimization algorithm is modified in order to overcome the inherent drawbacks and solve complex benchmark test functions and to find the optimal design's parameters of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the modified sine cosine optimization algorithm has better global search performance and exhibits good computational robustness based on test functions. Moreover, the results of testing the gantry crane model reveal that the proposed controller with standard and modified algorithms is effective, feasible and robust in achieving the desired requirements.
PROFIT ANALYSIS OF A CABLE MANUFACTURING PLANT PORTRAYING THE WINTER OPERATIN...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the profit analysis of a plant, manufacturing electrical cables.
The reliability model portrays specific season based operational strategy adopted to
address demand based production of the cables. During the winter season, the plant
operates for 16 hours followed by 8 hours rest period for the machines. Real maintenance
data of the plant are used for estimating optimized reliability indices such as mean time
to plant failure, availability of the plant, expected number of repairs, expected busy period
of the repairman and overall profit of the plant. Semi-Markov processes and regenerative
point techniques are used to carry out the analysis. Simulated results are shown to
demonstrate the effect of varying failure rate on the overall profit with respect to revenue
per unit up time
Comparison of CFD Simulation of a Hyundai I20 Model with Four Different Turbu...IJERA Editor
This article describes the CFD analysis of a Hyundai i20 car Model. The focus of this study is to investigate the
aerodynamics characteristics of Hyundai i20 car model and the flow obtained by solving the steady-state
governing continuity equations as well as the momentum conservation equations combined with one of four
turbulence models (1.Spalart-Allmaras 2.k-ε Standard 3.Transition k-kl-ω 4.Transition Shear Stress Transport
(SST)) and the solutions obtained using these different models were compared. Except transition k-kl-ω model,
other three models show nearly similar velocity variations plot. Pressure variation plot are almost similar with
K-ε and transition-SST models. Eddy viscosity plot are almost similar with K-ε and transition k-kl-ω models.
Optimization of Bolted Joints for Aircraft Engine Using Genetic AlgorithmsIJMER
Genetic Algorithms mimic the evolving technique of nature to better fit populations to a certain environment. Despite this technique has proved its adequacy in several fields, its application in Aerospace is still limited, mostly because of the high quantity of acceptability criteria that the design
must pass and the amount of design parameters. The presented paper explores required GA architecture’s adaptations to be applied in highly restricted systems such as those commonly found in Aerospace applications. The proposed GA was applied to the design of an Aircraft Engine’s Axial Casing bolted joint following static strength restrictions as per FAR 33 regulations. The set of Elitism,
interdependent geometric restrictions, Crossing, and Reproduction modules proved the applicability of
the presented multi-objective GA architecture under 14 restrictions for normal, limit and ultimate loads.
As it is described, the conversion is quickly achieved due to the shortage of the search space; therefore a
modified Variable Crossing per Scheme is proposed to expand the diversity of the genome to compensate
the relatively low impact of the Mutation module. Finally, the process and solutions found were compared against the traditional design process, showing the feasibility of this technique in complex applications in terms of quality of the solution and developing time.
A Synchronizing Devicefor Power Electronic ConvertersIJERA Editor
In this paper we introduce a synchronizing device for power electronic converters with single-phase or threephase
AC input voltage. The voltage synchronizing transformer in this device has been replaced by a current
transformer and a double galvanic isolation has been realized by means of optical media. Results from computer
simulation and experimental studies have been brought out.
Investigating the Performance of NoC Using Hierarchical Routing ApproachIJERA Editor
The Network-on-Chip (NoC) model has appeared as a revolutionary methodology for incorporatingmany number of intellectual property (IP) blocks in a die. As said by the International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), it is must to scale down the device size. In order to reduce the device long interconnection should be avoided. For that, new interconnect patterns are need. Three-dimensional ICs are proficient of achieving superior performance, resistance against noise and lower interconnect power consumption compared to traditional planar ICs. In this paper, network data routed by Hierarchical methodology. We are analyzing total number of logic gates and registers, power consumption and delay when different bits of data transmitted using Quartus II software.
Study of The Technological Profile of The Red Ceramic Industry of AlagoasIJERA Editor
The red ceramic industry in Brazil is a sector that is growing every year, characterized by the production of ceramic tiles as brick, tile, ceramic blocks, which basically uses, as main raw material, the clay. Due to the constant evolution of mechanization and production increase, plus the emergence of new companies, it is clear that processing techniques as well as technological modernization are key to achieving a higher performance segment of red ceramic process thus winning, this way, the market, about terms of competitiveness and productivity. This time, watching these aspects, the present study aims to analyze the technological landscape of the production process of the Red Ceramic Industry in Alagoas State, with regard to equipment used in the manufacturing steps, checking for the possibility of existing technological levels these industries in Alagoas in its production process, analyzing these, aiming thus conduct a study of the technological profile of the Red Ceramic Industry. The methodology will support the field research through questionnaires with entrepreneurs as well as qualitative bibliographic nature, with content analysis. Thus, the data surveys have indicated the existence of technological levels for this segment, mapping the characteristics of the productive process and its technological profile in the State of Alagoas and can verify in a few steps a possible disharmony. Therefore, by the the analysis of the data allowed the highlight of four steps to the red ceramic production process, these being the extraction of raw materials, the conformation of parts by molding and extrusion, and thermal processes through the final stages of drying and burning, considering the existence of technological levels by analyzing the study of technological profile, with regard to equipment used in the production process of state Red Ceramic Industries.
Controller design for gantry crane system using modified sine cosine optimiza...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The objective of this research paper is to design a control system to optimize the operating works of the gantry crane system. The dynamic model of the gantry crane system is derived in terms of trolley position and payload oscillation, which is highly nonlinear. The crane system should have the capability to transfer the material to destination end with desired speed along with reducing the load oscillation, obtain expected trolley position and preserving the safety. Proposed controlling method is based on the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller with a series differential compensator to control the swinging of the payload and the system trolley movement in order to perform the optimum utilization of the gantry crane. Standard sine cosine optimization algorithm is one of the most-recent optimization techniques based on a stochastic algorithm was presented to tune the PID controller with a series differential compensator. Furthermore, the considered optimization algorithm is modified in order to overcome the inherent drawbacks and solve complex benchmark test functions and to find the optimal design's parameters of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the modified sine cosine optimization algorithm has better global search performance and exhibits good computational robustness based on test functions. Moreover, the results of testing the gantry crane model reveal that the proposed controller with standard and modified algorithms is effective, feasible and robust in achieving the desired requirements.
PROFIT ANALYSIS OF A CABLE MANUFACTURING PLANT PORTRAYING THE WINTER OPERATIN...IAEME Publication
This paper presents the profit analysis of a plant, manufacturing electrical cables.
The reliability model portrays specific season based operational strategy adopted to
address demand based production of the cables. During the winter season, the plant
operates for 16 hours followed by 8 hours rest period for the machines. Real maintenance
data of the plant are used for estimating optimized reliability indices such as mean time
to plant failure, availability of the plant, expected number of repairs, expected busy period
of the repairman and overall profit of the plant. Semi-Markov processes and regenerative
point techniques are used to carry out the analysis. Simulated results are shown to
demonstrate the effect of varying failure rate on the overall profit with respect to revenue
per unit up time
Comparison of CFD Simulation of a Hyundai I20 Model with Four Different Turbu...IJERA Editor
This article describes the CFD analysis of a Hyundai i20 car Model. The focus of this study is to investigate the
aerodynamics characteristics of Hyundai i20 car model and the flow obtained by solving the steady-state
governing continuity equations as well as the momentum conservation equations combined with one of four
turbulence models (1.Spalart-Allmaras 2.k-ε Standard 3.Transition k-kl-ω 4.Transition Shear Stress Transport
(SST)) and the solutions obtained using these different models were compared. Except transition k-kl-ω model,
other three models show nearly similar velocity variations plot. Pressure variation plot are almost similar with
K-ε and transition-SST models. Eddy viscosity plot are almost similar with K-ε and transition k-kl-ω models.
Optimization of Bolted Joints for Aircraft Engine Using Genetic AlgorithmsIJMER
Genetic Algorithms mimic the evolving technique of nature to better fit populations to a certain environment. Despite this technique has proved its adequacy in several fields, its application in Aerospace is still limited, mostly because of the high quantity of acceptability criteria that the design
must pass and the amount of design parameters. The presented paper explores required GA architecture’s adaptations to be applied in highly restricted systems such as those commonly found in Aerospace applications. The proposed GA was applied to the design of an Aircraft Engine’s Axial Casing bolted joint following static strength restrictions as per FAR 33 regulations. The set of Elitism,
interdependent geometric restrictions, Crossing, and Reproduction modules proved the applicability of
the presented multi-objective GA architecture under 14 restrictions for normal, limit and ultimate loads.
As it is described, the conversion is quickly achieved due to the shortage of the search space; therefore a
modified Variable Crossing per Scheme is proposed to expand the diversity of the genome to compensate
the relatively low impact of the Mutation module. Finally, the process and solutions found were compared against the traditional design process, showing the feasibility of this technique in complex applications in terms of quality of the solution and developing time.
A Synchronizing Devicefor Power Electronic ConvertersIJERA Editor
In this paper we introduce a synchronizing device for power electronic converters with single-phase or threephase
AC input voltage. The voltage synchronizing transformer in this device has been replaced by a current
transformer and a double galvanic isolation has been realized by means of optical media. Results from computer
simulation and experimental studies have been brought out.
Investigating the Performance of NoC Using Hierarchical Routing ApproachIJERA Editor
The Network-on-Chip (NoC) model has appeared as a revolutionary methodology for incorporatingmany number of intellectual property (IP) blocks in a die. As said by the International Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS), it is must to scale down the device size. In order to reduce the device long interconnection should be avoided. For that, new interconnect patterns are need. Three-dimensional ICs are proficient of achieving superior performance, resistance against noise and lower interconnect power consumption compared to traditional planar ICs. In this paper, network data routed by Hierarchical methodology. We are analyzing total number of logic gates and registers, power consumption and delay when different bits of data transmitted using Quartus II software.
Study of The Technological Profile of The Red Ceramic Industry of AlagoasIJERA Editor
The red ceramic industry in Brazil is a sector that is growing every year, characterized by the production of ceramic tiles as brick, tile, ceramic blocks, which basically uses, as main raw material, the clay. Due to the constant evolution of mechanization and production increase, plus the emergence of new companies, it is clear that processing techniques as well as technological modernization are key to achieving a higher performance segment of red ceramic process thus winning, this way, the market, about terms of competitiveness and productivity. This time, watching these aspects, the present study aims to analyze the technological landscape of the production process of the Red Ceramic Industry in Alagoas State, with regard to equipment used in the manufacturing steps, checking for the possibility of existing technological levels these industries in Alagoas in its production process, analyzing these, aiming thus conduct a study of the technological profile of the Red Ceramic Industry. The methodology will support the field research through questionnaires with entrepreneurs as well as qualitative bibliographic nature, with content analysis. Thus, the data surveys have indicated the existence of technological levels for this segment, mapping the characteristics of the productive process and its technological profile in the State of Alagoas and can verify in a few steps a possible disharmony. Therefore, by the the analysis of the data allowed the highlight of four steps to the red ceramic production process, these being the extraction of raw materials, the conformation of parts by molding and extrusion, and thermal processes through the final stages of drying and burning, considering the existence of technological levels by analyzing the study of technological profile, with regard to equipment used in the production process of state Red Ceramic Industries.
Performance Analysis of Adaptive DOA Estimation Algorithms For Mobile Applica...IJERA Editor
Spatial filtering for mobile communications has attracted a lot of attention over the last decade and is cur-rently considered a very promising technique that will help future cellular networks achieve their ambi-tious goals. One way to accomplish this is via array signal processing with algorithms which estimate the Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) of the received waves from the mobile users. This paper evaluates the per-formance of a number of DOA estimation algorithms. In all cases a linear antenna array at the base station is assumed to be operating typical cellular environment.
Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring system through Wir...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications. The wireless sensor networks eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring systems and make data measurement and monitoring process much easier and cost effective. The decentralized architecture of the wireless sensor network and its flexibility of deployment make wireless networks most suitable for various process plants, industries and remote & rural communication. In this work, applications of wireless sensor network is carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries.
Study of Linear and Non-Linear Optical Parameters of Zinc Selenide Thin FilmIJERA Editor
Thin film of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) was deposited onto transparent glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. ZnSe thin film was characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength range of 310 nm-1080 nm. The Linear optical parameters (linear optical absorption, extinction coefficient, refractive index and complex dielectric constant) of ZnSe thin film were analyzed from absorption spectra. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc’s equation. The volume and surface energy loss function of ZnSe thin film were obtained by complex dielectric constant. The Dispersion parameters (dispersion energy, oscillation energy, moment of optical dispersion spectra, static dielectric constant and static refractive index) were calculated using theoretical Wemple-DiDomenico model. The oscillation strength, oscillator wavelength, high frequency dielectric constant and high frequency refractive index were calculated by single Sellmeier oscillator model. Also, Lattice dielectric constant, N/m* and plasma resonance frequency were obtained. The electronic polarizibility of ZnSe thin film was estimated by Clausius-Mossotti local field polarizibility. The non-linear optical parameters (non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index) were estimated.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
A Design Technique To Reduce Nbti Effects From 5t Sram CellsIJERA Editor
This paper focuses on designing an NBTI tolerant system by addressing the major reason of NBTI especially the devices that consists of SOC. To address this issue a thorough study of 5T SRAM cells has been done. This paper is based on idea of switch capacitors and the fact that only few transistors are ON at any particular time. RD model is primary and base model that us used to describe NBTI and aging degradation in this paper The proposed technique improve read power by 8% and leakage power by 12.87%
The Information Communication and Technology industry is made up of enterprises concerned with the design, manufacture, installation, development, support and management of computer-based information systems (both software and hardware). The rapid expansion of electronic technologies within the global TELECOM industry has been accompanied by an explosion of automation applications that are redefining the way we perceive and experience communication, entertainment and security in our personal and professional environments. Convenience is now a function of the extent to which electronic appliances and gadgets are „online‟ and accessible through land and wireless networks. Information flow is expected on demand -constant, reliable, accurate and accessible. Such changes have understandably raised expectations with regards to the how effectively we function, in the places we live and work. No where have the effects of this new technology been felt as powerfully as in the global real estate industry.
Design and Structuring of a Multiprocessor System based on TransputersIJERA Editor
In this paper the Authors present the design of a high performance transputer based fault-tolerant multiprocessor system for critical applications such as aircraft control, nuclear power station control, satellite applications etc. Fault-tolerant building blocks designed with potential for real time processing. The systematic architecture, regularity and recursiveness enables the system to be more fault-tolerant. Real-time applications have to function correctly even in the presence of faults. Link failure of the network is deeply analysed with reliability analysis.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Street Light Control Using Sensors and...IJERA Editor
Solar Photovoltaic panel based street lighting systems are becoming more common these days. But the limitation with these ordinary street light systems is that it lacks intelligent performance. It is very essential to automate the system so that we can conserve energy as well as to maximize the efficiency of the system. In this paper a new method is suggested so as to maximize the efficiency of the street lighting system and to conserve the energy usage the LED lights sensors. Here automation of street lights is done by LDR sensor. Intensity of led street lights can be controlled by IR sensor and pulse width modulation.
Geotechnical Properties of Sabkha Soil in the southern part of Al-Khobar city...IJERA Editor
The geotechnical properties of sabkha soil covering most parts of the southern portion of Al-Khobar area –Saudia Arabia were determined. These soil have very low strength, low bearing capacity and high compressibility. The expected settlement is always above the recommended tolerable limits. The chemical analysis of both soil and water from sabkha flat shows a very high concentration of salts. These high concentrations of salts give rise to a very corrosive environment and therefore it is recommended to protect concrete and reinforcement by using sulphate resisting cement, pozzolanic materials, use of corrosion inhibitors and by applying suitable water proofing membranes . The properties determined during this study has a significant impact on both technical and economical values of each project and therefore, the outcome of the study is much important for planners and developers .
Determination of homogenous regions in the Tensift basin (Morocco).IJERA Editor
The aim of this study is to determine homogenous region in the Tensift basin within which the hydrological behavior is similar. In order to do this we used two methods: The Principal components analysis on the monthly precipitation registered at the 23 rainfall stations. This resulted in setting apart 4 groups of stations. The second method is analysis of land use map, geological map, pedagogical map, vegetation map and slope map of the studied area. This method allowed us to delineate 4 homogenous areas. The two methods yielded complementary results and the superposition of groups and regions obtained allowed us to retain 4 homogenous regions corresponding to 3 groups of stations.
Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy ControllerIJERA Editor
The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
Design and Analysis of Flange CouplingIJERA Editor
The approach utilizes standard design equations of these couplings and links them together in computer software to determine the design parameters of the couplings. In general, most flange coupling is available in transformation system and automobile industries. A flange coupling usually applies to a coupling having two cast iron flanges. To achieve a require goal, a design of bolted unprotected flange coupling is modeled in to a cad package named Solid works. Furthered the finite element analysis module is created in ANSYS Workbench by using ANSYS Static Structural module which has a predefined process to obtain optimum results.
Cloud computing is an Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are
provided to computers and other devices on demand. However, adopting a cloud computing paradigm may have
positive as well as negative effects on the data security of service consumers [1]. Cloud Computing is a term
used to describe both a platform and type of application. As a platform it supplies, configures and reconfigures
servers, while the servers can be physical machines or virtual machines. On the other hand, Cloud Computing
describes applications that are extended to be accessible through the internet and for this purpose large data
centers and powerful servers are used to host the web applications and web services. Authentication is one the
most important security primitive [6]. Password authentication is most widely used authentication mechanism.
Password provides security mechanism for authentication and protection services against unwanted access to
resource. In this paper, we applied a technique to preserve our password using graphical authentication.
Analysis of multistoried braced steel space frame subjected to gravity and se...IJERA Editor
Steel structures are generally more flexible than other types of structure and lower in weight. Earthquake loads
are random in nature. It is difficult to predict them exactly. The action applied to a structure by an earthquake is
a ground movement with horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal movement is the most specific
feature of earthquake action because of its strength and because structures are generally better designed to resist
gravity than horizontal forces. These forces produce large stresses, strains, deformation and displacement
particularly in tall structures. To keep displacement within limit generally bracing is provided in steel structure. .
Bracings are generally used to increase lateral-stiffness, lateral- strength as well as lateral stability of the frame.
Variations in the column stiffness can influence the mode of failure and lateral stiffness of the bracing. In this
study steel frame is modeled and analyzed three Parts viz., (i) Model without Steel bracing (bare frame), (ii)
Model completely with fully braced steel frame („Cross‟ bracing), (iii) Model completely with fully braced steel
frame („Single diagonal‟ bracing).
An Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve the broken link problem in wire...IJERA Editor
Aco is a well –known metahuristic in which a colony of artificial ants cooperates in explain Good solution to a combinational optimization problem. Wireless sensor consisting of nodes with limited power is deployed to gather useful information From the field. In wireless sensor network it is critical to collect the information in an energy efficient Manner.ant colony optimization, a swarm intelligence based optimization technique, is widely used In network routing. A novel routing approach using an ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor Network consisting of stable nodes illustrative example details description and cooperative performance test result the proposed approach are included. The approach is also implementing to a small sized hardware component as a router chip simulation result show that proposed algorithm Provides promising solution allowing node designers to efficiency operate routing tasks.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Over an Aircraft WingIJERDJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:- Aircraft is a brilliant man-made structure which helps us to fly over the world. At the same time, aircraft is a complex structure to be checked and maintained for the aero elasticity due to aerodynamic properties. In this paper, the fluid-structure interaction problem in super critical NASA SC(2)-0412 airfoil is discussed. The main aim of this project is to find the best performance and deformation limit of the wing on different Mach numbers. This project is completely done by numerical methods of designing the wing using CATIA and flow properties in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. Finally, the structural analysis for deformation is analysed in ANSYS. The analytical approach of fluid-structure interaction over an Aircraft wing is complex.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
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and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Computational Aerodynamic Prediction for Integration of an Advanced Reconnaissance Pod on a 5th Generation Fighter Type Aircraft
1. De Paolis P. et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 6, ( Part -4) June 2015, pp.63-67
www.ijera.com 63 | P a g e
a
Computational Aerodynamic Prediction for Integration of an
Advanced Reconnaissance Pod on a 5th
Generation Fighter Type
Aircraft
De Paolis P.1
, d’Argenio A.2
, Greco G.L.3
, Covioli J.4
, de Nicola C.5
1,2,3,4
Centro Sperimentale Volo - Aeronautica Militare Italiana,Pratica di Mare, Roma, Italy
1,2
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”,Napoli, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli
“Federico II”, Napoli, Italy
ABSTRACT
In this paper a computational aerodynamic prediction to support the aeromechanical integration of an advanced
reconnaissance pod on a 5th
generation fighter type aircraft is presented. The aim of the activity was to compare
the aerodynamic characteristics of the new pod to a previous one already cleared on the same aircraft fleet, given
verified inertial and structural similarity. Verifying the aforementioned aerodynamic similarity without involving
extensive flight test activity was a must, to save time and to reduce costs. A two steps approach was required by
the Certification Authority to verify, initially, the performance data compatibility in terms of aerodynamic
coefficients of the old pod with the new one, in order to allow performance flight manual data interchangeability
(a quantitative comparison was required); afterwards, a qualitative assessment was conducted to verify the
absence of unsteadiness induced by the introduction in the external structure of the new pod of an auxiliary
antenna case. Computational results are presented both for Straight and Level Un-accelerated Flight and Steady-
Sideslip flight conditions at different Angles of Attack.
Keywords – Computational Fluid Dynamics, Envelope Expansion, Flight Test, Store Integration, Modeling and
Simulation
NOMENCLATURE
AAU = Auxiliary Antenna Unit
AoA = Angle of Attack
AoS = Angle of Sideslip
CD = Drag Coefficient
CL = Lift Coefficient
CY = Side-force Coefficient
CAD = Computer Aided Design
CFD = Computational Fluid Dynamics
FQ = Flying Qualities
HQ = Handling qualities
ISA = International Standard Atmosphere
M = Mach Number
SLUF = Straight and Level Un-accelerated
Flight
y+
= Dimensionless Wall Distance
I. INTRODUCTION
Any time a new aircraft is introduced into
service, or an old aircraft undergoes substantial
modifications or needs to be certified to carry and
employ new stores, the store separation engineer is
faced with a decision about how much effort will be
required to provide an airworthiness certification for
the aircraft and the stores. Before operational use, all
aircraft/store configurations must be certified for
safe loading, carriage and jettison/release.
Generally, there are three approaches that have
been used: Wind Tunnel Testing, CFD analyses and
Flight Testing. During the past thirty years there
have been considerable advances in all three areas.
Nowadays, it is possible to combine these three
approaches in a unique process that permits to
reduce risks and lowering costs, optimizing the
application of ground and flight testing
([1],[2],[3],[4]).
In this paper a computational aerodynamic
prediction to support the aeromechanical integration
of an advanced reconnaissance pod on a 5th
generation is presented. The aim of the activity was
to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the
new pod to a previous one already cleared on the
same aircraft fleet, given verified inertial and
structural similarity. Verifying the aforementioned
aerodynamic similarity without involving extensive
flight test activity was a must, to save time and to
reduce costs ([5],[6]).
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. De Paolis P. et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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www.ijera.com 64 | P a g e
II. AIM OF THE ACTIVITY
In this paper the computational results relative
to the comparison of two different reconnaissance
pods are presented. These analysis were performed
in order to evaluate the effect of the new pod on the
aircraft performances and flying qualities.
The following name tags were assigned to the
two following configurations:
Configuration A = Aircraft + OLD pod;
Configuration B = Aircraft + NEW pod.
In order to permit the read-across of the
performance data of the old pod, without performing
additional flight tests, it was considered that a
variation of the global drag coefficient between the
two aforementioned configurations not higher than a
5% could be considered adequate. Moreover, it was
also necessary to evaluate the effect of the shape of
the new pod on the aircraft flying qualities in order
to affirm that no aerodynamic instabilities were
generated.
In order to speed up the computational phase,
the requirements were expressed at store system
level.
Overall, the test team decided to investigate the
following main technical areas in order to confirm
that the new pod was suitable for the operational
goal:
form, fit, function (mechanical interface
compatibility);
avionics (human machine interface,
electromagnetic compatibility, software
integration);
structural loads (static and dynamic);
flight control system store management
(different inertial properties);
performance definition (declaration of
acceptable degradation - 5%);
flying/handling qualities assessment.
The first four areas are not object of the present
study, which will focus on the last two topics.
III. SIMULATION APPROACH
3.1 CAD GENERATION
Before starting the fluid-dynamic analysis, the
first necessary activity was the generation of the
CAD drawings of the reconnaissance pods. The
description of the geometry as provided by the
manufacturer was totally unsuitable for fluid-
dynamic analysis. After fine-tuning this geometry
applying the techniques described in [7] was
possible to obtain the geometries presented in Figure
1 and Figure 2.
As showed in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the main
differences between the two pods is the presence in
the new pod of an auxiliary antenna unit case; the
evaluation of the effect of this external case on the
aerodynamic characteristics of the new pod was the
main subject of the present study.
Figure 1: Old pod CAD geometry
Figure 2: New pod CAD geometry
3.2 MESH GENERATION
The meshes were generated using the ANSYS
Meshing tool. The generated grids were viscous
hybrid meshes; this particular type of mesh uses a
layer of prism elements along the wall to discretize
the boundary layer with tetrahedral elements in the
bulk flow region. The prismatic cells allow you to
resolve the normal gradients associated with
boundary layers with fewer cells. High quality prism
elements are created near the boundary and
tetrahedral elements in the rest of the domain.
Compared to all-tetrahedral meshes, viscous hybrid
meshes result in dramatic savings, with far fewer
elements required to accurately resolve boundary
layers and give good near-wall prediction of shear
stress, heat transfer, and flow separation.
3. De Paolis P. et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
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The generated grids were considered of
satisfactory quality concerning the values of y+
(Figure 3), skewness ( 0.92) and aspect ratio. The
total number of cells for both the grids was about 1.7
M and the boundary layer was composed by 30
layers of structured cells.
Figure 4 and Figure 5 illustrate the grids for the
old and the new pod geometries showing also details
of the grids in the boundary layer region.
Figure 3: Dimensionless wall distance for new/old
pod grids
Figure 4: Old pod grid
Figure 5: New pod grid
IV. RESULTS
4.1 PRELIMINARY ANALISYS
Before starting the simulations on the new pod,
preliminary evaluations were conducted on the old
pod in order to validate the generated geometry and
grid. Therefore, a comparison with wind tunnel and
semi-empirical data ([8]) was conducted at Mach
number equal to 1.20 for different values of Angle of
Attack
As shown in Figure 6, the results obtained
calculating the aerodynamic coefficients with
ANSYS Fluent matched the Wind Tunnel Test Data
better than the predictions obtained using a semi-
empirical method; presenting a maximum deviation
of the 8% instead of the 10% obtained with the semi-
empirical method.
Figure 6: Old pod data comparison
4.2 EFFECT OF THE NEW POD ON
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCES
For the new pod the aerodynamic coefficients,
the associated pressure distribution and the velocity
field were analyzed in the entire operational
envelope showing full compliance with the
performance requirements (difference between the
two pods not higher than 5%).
As an example of the relevant calculated data,
Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9 show the drag
coefficient, the lift coefficient and the aerodynamic
polar of the new pod and the old pod at Mach
number equal to 0.60 for a range of total AoA
[-30°;30°], at sea level in ISA conditions.
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Figure 7: Numerical drag coefficient prediction
Figure 8: Numerical lift coefficient prediction
Figure 9: Numerical aerodynamic polar prediction
Figure 10 shows the effect of the Mach number
on drag and lift coefficients of the new pod; it is
possible to observe that the drag coefficient trend
presents the classical exponential increase passing
through the transonic area. The lift coefficient is
almost zero, slightly negative, probably due to the
asymmetric combined effect of the pod air intake
and AAU in the lower portion of new pod.
Some minor convergence issues were faced in
the sonic area, partially solved via inflation, however
further investigation is still required in order to
discriminate the problem.
Figure 10: Effect of Mach number on Lift and Drag
coefficient for the new pod
However, in order to validate the aerodynamic
analysis performed on the new pod 10 test flights
were performed (3 completely dedicated to
performance evaluation). Figure 11 shows the test
points executed (flight envelope picture not
representative of the analyzed jet).
Figure 11: Flight Test spot checks.
The result of the flight test phase was a good
agreement between new pod predictions and data
gathered in flight, no more than 7% off including the
area around Mach=1.0; less than 5% excluding that
area. As aforementioned, it is still pending a
verification around the M=1.0 area.
Overall, being the performance of the new pod
within the required tolerances, a Declaration of
Acceptable Performance Degradation was released
by the Certification Authority and the following data
were read across from previous cleared old pod:
fuel consumption charts (cruise, climb in
MAX CONTINOUS/MAX REHEAT);
takeoff-landing performance (airspeed,
distance);
specific excess power charts;
time to climb charts;
dive recovery parameter.
4.3 EFFECT OF THE NEW POD ON
AIRCRAFT FQ
Further analysis were conducted in order to
eventually confirm the predicted minor effects that
Further
investigations
still ongoing in
this area
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the introduction of the AAU could have had on the
FQ of the total asset. The aim of the analysis was to
ensure that the introduction of the AAU would have
not generated any flow unsteadiness.
The most relevant result was that no
unsteadiness was introduced in the flow by the AAU
for AoS [0°;23°], therefore reduced number of
additional test flights were required for lateral-
directional dynamics characterization. However, as
graduation exercise and for structural verification
purposes, the following subset of flight test
maneuvers in the corners of the new pod operating
envelope were performed:
steady heading side slips (in order to
evaluate the aircraft static stability);
rudder doublets (in order to evaluate the
aircraft dynamic stability);
scissors, bank-to-bank, rolling pull-out and
push-over (for parameter identification
purposes);
zero error/boundaries avoidance point
tracking and off-set landing (to verify the
aircraft+pod operational suitability);
As a side-result, which come out ride along the
evaluation, it was noticed that increasing the Mach
number, the presence of a vortex area underneath the
new pod in the sensors area had a positive stabilizing
effect on the airflow (Figure 12). Nevertheless, this
effect, decreased with incremental “pilot’s pedal”,
translating from the jargon “increasing the angle of
sideslip”.
Figure 12: Effect of Mach number on the streamlines
in the sensor area
Additional simulations were performed in order
to evaluate the quantitative effect of the sideslip
angle on the aerodynamic coefficients, also for
structural verification purposes (of particular interest
was the side-force CY). Figure 13 shows the lift, drag
and side-force coefficients, at Mach number equal to
0.60 and AoA=0° for a range of AoS [0°; 23°], at
sea level in ISA conditions. It is possible to observe
that the drag coefficient showed small variations
with the AoS, less than 10%, while the lift
coefficient increased and the side-force coefficient
showed a linear trend with the increasing of the
angle of sideslip.
Figure 13: Sideslip angle effects on aerodynamic
coefficients
V. CONCLUSION
Overall, it was demonstrated a good match
between semi-empirical, numerical and wind tunnel
test data for the old pod. Flight tests confirmed the
accuracy of the computational results obtained.
The main goal, to achieve an operational
capability reducing the number of required
experimental flights and associated time and costs,
was attained. The operational clearance, partially by
read across, was released within 36 days and 10
successful flights (more than 20 flight hours).
REFERENCES
[1] Simulation in Support of Flight Testing,
(RTO-AG-300 Vol.19, September 2000)
[2] Aircraft/Stores Compatibility, Integration and
Separation Testing, (STO-AG-300 Vol.29,
September 2014)
[3] Aerodynamics of Store Integration and
Separation, (AGARD-CP-570, April 1995)
[4] Cenko A., Store Separation lessons learned
during the last 30 years, 27th
International
Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences.
[5] d’Argenio A., Computational Fluid Dynamics
to support Military Jet Aircrafts Flight Tests
using Optimization Techniques, doctoral diss.,
Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli,
Italy, 2015
[6] Natale N., d’Argenio A., De Paolis P., de
Nicola C., CFD in Support of Flight Testing
for Aircraft/Stores Integration, International
CAE Conference, Pacengo del Garda, 2013.
[7] Ping Fu, Reverse Engineering, an Industrial
Perspective, (Edited by: Vinesh Raja, Kiran J.
Fernandes, Springer 2008)
[8] Bock, K.-W., Fuchs, H., Lehra, H., «The
missile coefficient program AAV», Dornier
Report BF 9/87 B, May 1987
Mach=0.60
AoA=0°
AoS=0°
Mach=0.90
AoA=0°
AoS=0°