7. 1. Affirmative – the predicate is always
affirmed of the subject in accord to its entire
comprehension.
2. Negative – two ideas disagree when the
subject idea does not contain the entire
essential notes of the predicate idea.
8. - the quality of the proposition is
equivalent to the quantity of its
subject.
9. The quantity of the predicate is not
equivalent to the quantity of the subject
10. 1. Categorical or Attributive Propositions
2. Hypothetical Propositions
3. Necessary and Contingent Propositions
4. Absolute and Modal Propositions
5. Compound Propositions
11. A predicate is attributed to its subject
without condition. It expresses a
relationship between two ideas.
12. According to quality
1. Affirmative Proposition – affirms the identity of
the S and P with an affirmative copula: IS
2. Negative Proposition – negates the identity of
the S with the P. It contains a negative copula: IS
NOT
13. According to the Quantity
1. Singular – singular subject.
2. Particular – subject is universal term used partly.
3. Universal – universal subject
4. Collective - collective subject (applying to all
taken together as a class)
14. According to Quantity and Quality Combined
A and I – AffIrmo meaning “I affirm”
E and O – nEgO meaning “I negate”
Universal/Singular Affirmative A
Particular Affirmative I
Universal/Singular Negative E
Particular Negative O
15. According to relation with reality
1. True – affirms or agrees with reality
2. False – negates or disagrees with
reality
16. According to Origin
1. Analytical (a-priori or rational proposition)
- the agreement and disagreement is
knowable from mental analysis alone.
2. Synthetical (a- posteriori or empirical) –
knowable only through experience
3. Necessary – the predicate expresses the
essence or nature of the subject.
17. Kinds of Necessary Predication
a. Essential – when the predicate expresses the
nature of the subject.
a. First Class – species
b. Second class – generic feature
b. Proper – when the predicate expresses an
attribute that is necessarily connected with the
nature of the subject.
a. First Class – specific property of the universal subject
b. Second class – any property that is ot a specific one
of the universal subject.
18. 4. Non-necessary – the subject is not contained in
the comprehension of the predicate nor is the
predicate contained in the comprehension of
the subject.
19. Openly Compound or Evidently Compound
Propositions – a composite of two or more
propositions.
1. Copulative – several subjects or predicates are
joined together into grammatical unity by
affirmative or negative conjunctions.
2. Relative – expresses a relation of time or spatial
element (place) between two sentences.
20. 3. Adversative – two propositions joined
together in opposition to each other.
4. Causal – joined by causal conjunctions such
as because, for, since, etc.
5. Inferential or rational – joined by
conjunctions therefore, thus, for this reason,
etc.
21. Covertly orVirtually Compound (exponible
propositions)
– a composition of two proposition but it
appears as single propositions.
Exponents – the simple component proposition
into which they can be resolved.
22. 1. Exclusive – indicates an exclusion of any
other predicate from the subject or any
other subject from the predicate.
2. Exceptive – the subject term is restricted in
its application by words such as except, but,
and so on.
3. Comparative – expresses the degree of
relationship as either being less or equal or
greater.
23. 4. Reduplicative – it contains an expression
which duplicates the subject or predicate by
easily highlighting it.
5. Specificative exponibles – indicates the
condition of the connection between the
subject and predicate.
6. Inceptive – expresses the beginning of a
thing.
7. Desitive – expresses the ending of a thing
