Rizal spent three years writing El Filibusterismo, polishing the manuscript in locations like Calamba, London, Paris, and Biarritz. In Ghent, he lived with his friend Jose Alejandrino while completing the work. Facing financial difficulties, Rizal considered suspending publication until Valentin Ventura provided funds. The novel was published in September 1891 and praised by Filipino patriots and foreign critics for exposing Philippine problems under Spanish rule. It is dedicated to Gomburza and warns readers against identifying real people in the fictional characters.

1. Chapter 19
El Filibusterismo
in Ghent
Jose_Rizal@yahoo.com 00000000000
El Filibusterismo

4. #Overview:
*Rizal started to polish the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo.
*On October, 1887 he begun writing it while
practicing medicine in Calamba.
*In London, he made some changes in the plot and
corrected some chapters.
*In Paris and Madrid, he wrote more.
*In Biarritz, he finished it on March 29, 1891
*It took 3 years

5. Jose Alejandrino
Met two Compatriots:
- Jose Alejandrino (from Pampanga)
- Edilberto Evangelista
both studying engineering in the University of
Ghent
He lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose
Alejandrino as room-mate. They prepare their
own breakfast.

7. Jose Rizal
4
dated on July 1891
HULAT lng…
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal x
I already pawned my jewels… soon I
will have to stop its publication if no
money comes…

8. Jose Rizal
1
dated on July 1891
dated on August 1891
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal x
I’m now on the page112… Bcoz no
mani s 4thcoming &I owe everybody
and I’m broke, I’ll hav 2 suspend the
publication and leave the work half-
finished.

9. Valentin Ventura
Ventura, Savior of
the Fili
Rizal’s calvary was similar calamity he
experienced in Berlin 1886. Valentin
Ventura heard Rizal’s predicament he
immediately sent the amount of money
needed to finish the publication of the
novel.

10. Consyensia… XBITOTS… X
2
“…I will
t
Jose Rizal
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal
…At times I feel like burning
my manuscript…
But then I think of you, and I
know that der r many gud
men lyk u who truly luV der
country…

12. The Fili comes off the Press
-September 18, 1891 El Filibusterismo
came off the Press
-He sent two printed copies to Hongkoong
one for Basa and the other for Sixto Lopez
-The original manuscript was gratefully
donated to Valentin Ventura and an
autograph printed copy.
- sent other complimentary ocpies to
Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, G. Lopez
Jaena, T.H Pardo de Tavera. Antonio and
Juan Luna, and other friends

13. El Filibusterismo
in foreign land and in Philippines praised
the novel.
Filipino patriots
Members of the Colony of Barcelona
published a tribute in La Publicidad
“s comparable only to the sublime Alexander Dumas”
The liberal Madrid newspaper, El Nuevo Regimen,
serialized the novel in its issues of October, 1891

14. The Foreword reads:
We have so often been frightened by the phantom of
filibusterism that from only a nurse's narration it has become
a positive and real being whose name alone (in depriving us of
our serenity) makes us commit the greatest myths in order
not to meet the feared reality. Instead of fleeing, we shall
look at its face, and with determined, if inexpert, hand we
shall raise the veil to uncover before the multitude the
mechanism of its skeleton.
If, upon seeing it, our country and its government reflect, we
shall consider ourselves happy no matter whether they
censure us for the audacity, no matter whether we pay for it
like the young student of Sais who wished to penetrate the
secret of the priestly imposure. (On the other hand, if in the
face of reality, instead of being soothed, one's fear is
increased and the trepidation of another is aggravated, then
they will have to be left in the hands of time which educates
the living, in the hands of fatality which weaves the destinies
of peoples and their governments with the faults and errors
that they are committing every day. )
Europe, 1891
The Author
Instead of fleeing, we shall look
at its face, and with determined,
if inexpert, hand we shall raise
the veil to uncover before the
multitude the mechanism of its
skeleton.
The Warning reads:
They are going to waste their time who would attack this
book by holding on to trifles, or who from other motives,
would try to discover in it more or less known physiognomies.
True to its purpose of exposing the disease, of the patient,
and, in order not to divert himself nor divert the reader, whilst
he narrates only real facts which happened recently and are
absolutely authentic in substance, he has disfigured his
characters so that they may not turn to be the typical pictures
some readers found in his first book. Man passes; his vices
remain, and to accentuate or show their effects, the pen of
the writer aspires.
The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in
Rizal’s own handwriting is now preserved in
the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of
Public Libraries, Manila. It had been acquired
by the Philippine Government from Valentin
Ventura for 10,000 pesos. It consists of 279
pages of long sheets of paper.
They are going to waste their time
who would attack this book by
holding on to trifles, or who from
other motives, would try to
discover in it more or less known
physiognomies.
The title page of El Fili contains an
inscription written by Ferdinand
Blumentritt.
Jose Rizal
Jose Rizal
It can easily be supposed that a rebel
has secretly bewitched the league of
friar-zealots and retrogrades so that,
unwittingly following his incitements,
they should favor and foment that
policy which pursues one sole end; to
spread ideas of rebellion throughout
the length and breadth of the land, and
to convince every Filipino that there is
no salvation except through separation
from the Mother Country.
The Manuscript and the Book

15. "The church, by refusing to degrade you,
has placed in doubt the crime that has
been imputed to you; the Government,
by surrounding your trials with mystery
and shadows causes the belief that there
was some error, committed in fatal
moments; and all the Philippines, by
worshipping your memory and calling
you martyrs, in no sense recognizes your
culpability. In so far, therefore, as your
complicity in the Cavite Mutiny is not
clearly proved, as you may or may not
have been patriots, and as you may or
may not cherished sentiments for justice
and for liberty, I have the right to
dedicate my work to you as victims of the
evil which I undertake to combat. And
while we await expectantly upon Spain
some day to restore your good name and
cease to be answerable for your death,
let these pages serve as a tardy wreath of
dried leaves over one who without clear
proofs attacks your memory stains his
hands in your blood."
In so far, therefore, as your complicity
in the Cavite Mutiny is not clearly
proved, as you may or may not have
been patriots, and as you may or may
not cherished sentiments for justice
and for liberty, I have the right to
dedicate my work to you as victims of
the evil which I undertake to combat.
"To the memory of the priests, Don
Mariano Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose
Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto
Zamora (35 years old). Executed in the
Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of
February, 1872."
Rizal’s memory seemed to have
failed him, though, for Father
Gomez was then 73 not 85, Father Burgos 35
not 30 Father Zamora 37 not 35; and the date of
execution 17th not 28th.
Zaide
Dedicated to GOMBURZA

16. This novel is a sequel to the Noli. It has a
little humor, less idealism, and less romance than
the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary and
more tragic than the first novel.
The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich
jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra
of the Noli, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the
pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his
buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he
became rich and befriended many Spanish
officials. After many years he returned to the
Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a
powerful figure not only because he is a rich
jeweler but also because he is a good friend and
adviser of the governor general.
Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of
Spain. However deep in his heart, he is
secretly cherishing a terrible revenge
against the Spanish authorities. His two
magnificent obsessions are to rescue
Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa
Clara and to foment a revolution against
the hated Spanish masters.
Synopsis of El Filibusterismo

18. Don Cutodio, a pro-spanish
Filipino holding a position in
the government
Juanito Pelaez , Paulita’s
futuring husband
Cabesang Tales, who
dispossessed of his land in
Tiani by the friars like that
of Rizal’s father; he became
bandit chieftain
“Matanglawin”

19. Basilio, son of Sisa and promising
medical student, whose medical
education is financed by his
patron, Capitan Tiago
Paulita Gomez, beautiful niece of
Tiburcio
Tiburcio de Espadaña, who has
deserted Doña Victorina

20. Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibañez),
a Spanish journalist who writes
silly articles about the Filipinos
Simoun, the rich jeweler
Isagani, a poet-nephew of
Padre Florentino and a lover of
Paulita

21. Doña Victorina, the
ridiculously pro-Spanish native
woman who is going to Laguna
in search of her henpecked
husband Tiburcio

23. Padre Sibyla -vice-rector of the
University of Santo Tomas
Padre Camorra- the parish priest
of the town of Tiani
Padre Salvi- thin Franciscan friar
and former cura of San Diego
Padre Irene- a kind friar who was a
friend of the Filipino students
Padre Florentino-a retired
scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest
Synopsis of El FilibusterismoAfter a long time of illness brought
about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun
perfects his plan to overthrow the government.
On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita
Gomez and Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding
gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his
confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa’s son who
joined his revolutionary cause), know that when
the wick of his lamp burns lower the
nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret
compartment, will explode, destroying the
house where the wedding feast is going to be
held killing all the guests, including the governor
general, the friars, and the government officials.
Simultaneously, all the government
buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun’s
followers.
As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani,
who has been rejected by Paulita because of his
liberal ideas, is standing outside the house,
watching sorrowfully the merriment inside.
Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because
the lightened lamp will soon explode.
Upon hearing the horrible secret of the
lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was
in grave danger. To save her life, he rushes into
the house, seizes the lightened lamp, and hurls it
into the river, where it explodes.
The revolutionary plot was thus
discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers,
but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying
his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home
of Padre Florentino by the sea.
The Spanish authorities, however, learns of
his presence in the house of Padre Florentino.
Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest
by letter that he would come at eight o’clock that night
to arrest Simoun.
Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he
is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his
true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to
avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his
friends and enemies.
The confession of the dying Simoun is
long and painful. It is already night when Padre
Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled
brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles
the dying man saying: “God will forgive you Señor
Simoun. He knows that we are fallible.
He has seen that you have suffered, and
in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults
should come as death from the very ones you
have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite
mercy.
He has frustrated your plans one by one,
the best conceived, first by the death of Maria
Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some
mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render
Him thanks!”
Watching Simoun die peacefully with a
clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre
Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the
dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and
throws it into the sea; as the waves close over
the sinking chest.
Bradex likes this and others

24. Cabesa Andang – mother of
Placido Penitente
Pepay – pretty dancer and
mistress of Don Custodio
Padre Fernandez – a good
dominican friar and friend
of Isagani
Don Timoteo – father of
Juanito Pelaez
Tano – son Cabesang Tales
and brother of Juli
Chichay – the silversmith
who made the bridal
earring for Paulita Gomez
Mr. American – owner of
the sideshow at the fair of
Quiapo exhibiting an
Egyptian Mummy.
Sandoval – a Spanish
student who supports the
cause of the Filipino
students to propagate the
teaching of Spanish
Other Characters
Quiroga – rich Chinese
merchant
Cabesang Tales – father of
Juli dispossessed of his land
in Tiani by friars
Juli – the lover of Basilio
Makaraig – rich and leader
of Filipino students in their
movement to learn Spanish
in the academy
Padre Millon – teaches
Physics in UST w/o
experiments
Placido Penitente – student
of Padre Millon who bacame
disoriented bcause of the
poor methods of instruction
Senor Pasta – old Filipino
lawyer who refuses to help
Filipino students in their
advocacy
Tandang Selo – grandfather
of Juli
Isagani – nephew of Padre
Florentino and lover of
Paulita

25. FILI NOLI
#political novel #Romantic Novel
#work of the head #Work of the heart
#a book of thought #A book of feeling
# it contains bitterness, hatred, #It has freshness,
pain, violence, and sorrow color, humor, lightness,
and wit
#38 chapters #64 chapters

26. #The issue of which is the superior novel.
#Noli or the Fili is purely academic
#Both are good novels from the point of view of history
#Both depict with realistic colors the actual conditions of
the Philippines and the Filipinos during the decadent days
of Spanish rule
#Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino
nationalism
#Both are responsible in paving the ground for Philippine
Revolution that brought about the downfall of Spain
#El Fili is a true twin of Noli

27. Believes that Noli is superior:
Rizal himself
M.H. del Pilar
Retana, Rizal’s 1st spanish biographer
Believes that Fili is superior:
Blumentrittt, Graciano Lopez Jaena
Dr. Rafael Palma
Mariano Ponce “…excellent, I can say nothing…but
this: It is really marvelous like all the brilliant
productions of your pen. It is true twin of the Noli.”

28. September 22, 1891 Rizal wrote to Blumetritt saying
that he’s thinking of writing a third novel where ethics
will play principal role
October 18, 1891 boarded the steamer Melbourne in
Marseilles bound for Hong Kong
During the voyage he wrote the third novel in Tagalog in
which he intended for Tagalog readers
In Hong kong he continued it, but did not finish it
because his Tagalog was inadequate for literary
purposes
The unfinished 3rd novel has no title
It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s handwriting

29. The manuscript is still preserved in the Bureau of
Public Libraries
The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a
descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo. He
plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers
It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to finish this
novel, because it would have caused greater
scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him

30. Makamisa
- a tagalog novel
- written in light sarcastic style
- incomplete with only 2 chapters
- consists of only of 20 pages
Dapitan
- written in Ironic Spanish
- he wrote it while in Dapitan to depict the town
life and customs
- Consists of 8 pages
Other unfinished novel

31. A novel in Spanish about the life in Pili, a town in Laguna
- consist of 147 pages
- without title
Another unfinished novel of Rizal, also without title, is
about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who has returned from
Europe
- consists if 34 pages
The beginning of another novel are contained in two
notebooks. The first notebook contains 31 written
pages while the second contains 12 pages
- written in Spanish and the style is ironic

32. #Chapter 19 El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent
#Renz Rush
#Thank You
#End