This document provides guidance on conducting a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) to identify hazards in the workplace. It recommends breaking jobs down into basic steps, identifying hazards for each step, and developing safe procedures to eliminate hazards or prevent potential accidents. An example JSA is given for the job of banding boxes, with the basic steps listed along with potential hazards for each step and recommended actions to address the hazards. Conducting JSAs helps train employees, identify safety improvements, prevent injuries, and comply with occupational safety regulations.
FAA HUMAN FACTOR IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE HF MROAmnat Sk
This manual is in response to the industry’s requests for a simple and manageable list of actions to implement a Maintenance Human Factors (MHF) program. A panel of experts selected the following six topics for such a program to be successful:
Event Investigation
Documentation
Human Factors Training
Shift/Task Turnover
Fatigue Management
Sustaining & Justifying an HF Program
For each of the six topics that contribute to the success of any MHF program, this manual offers the following:
Why is the topic important?
How do you implement it?
How do you know it is working?
Key references
Like any good operator’s manual, this document tells you what to do without excessive description of why you should do it. This manual recognizes you already know the importance of Human Factors. For detailed information, see the “Key References” at the end of each topic.
The selected six topics are critical because they are based on operational data and practical experience from the US and other countries. Transport Canada (TC), United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA), and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulations contributed to this manual. The steps are derived from a panel of ten industry and government contributors who have worked in aviation maintenance for an average of twenty-five years and in MHF for fifteen years. The contributors characterized these six topics and related steps as “information they wish they had known 15 years ago.”
These straightforward suggestions provide the key components for implementing a successful MHF program that will benefit your company, business partners, external customers, and the entire industry. Information is presented in summary bullets as follows:
These are six topics, from many, that a MHF program may consider.
Topics are not necessarily in order of importance, except that the data obtained from Event Investigation (Section 1) provide the foundation for many Human Factors activities.
You may implement any or all of the topics, however, they should be coordinated.
Your MHF activity should be based on the identified requirements and resources of your organization.
You are encouraged to supplement this Operator's Manual with additional references.
This document satisfies the industry request for a short and straightforward list of important actions.
FAA HUMAN FACTOR IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE HF MROAmnat Sk
This manual is in response to the industry’s requests for a simple and manageable list of actions to implement a Maintenance Human Factors (MHF) program. A panel of experts selected the following six topics for such a program to be successful:
Event Investigation
Documentation
Human Factors Training
Shift/Task Turnover
Fatigue Management
Sustaining & Justifying an HF Program
For each of the six topics that contribute to the success of any MHF program, this manual offers the following:
Why is the topic important?
How do you implement it?
How do you know it is working?
Key references
Like any good operator’s manual, this document tells you what to do without excessive description of why you should do it. This manual recognizes you already know the importance of Human Factors. For detailed information, see the “Key References” at the end of each topic.
The selected six topics are critical because they are based on operational data and practical experience from the US and other countries. Transport Canada (TC), United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority (UK CAA), and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulations contributed to this manual. The steps are derived from a panel of ten industry and government contributors who have worked in aviation maintenance for an average of twenty-five years and in MHF for fifteen years. The contributors characterized these six topics and related steps as “information they wish they had known 15 years ago.”
These straightforward suggestions provide the key components for implementing a successful MHF program that will benefit your company, business partners, external customers, and the entire industry. Information is presented in summary bullets as follows:
These are six topics, from many, that a MHF program may consider.
Topics are not necessarily in order of importance, except that the data obtained from Event Investigation (Section 1) provide the foundation for many Human Factors activities.
You may implement any or all of the topics, however, they should be coordinated.
Your MHF activity should be based on the identified requirements and resources of your organization.
You are encouraged to supplement this Operator's Manual with additional references.
This document satisfies the industry request for a short and straightforward list of important actions.
Project Information
Project Name: Store No.
Location: Contact Person:
Company Name: Arabtec Construction LLC. Date:
Sr. Description Yes No N/A Comments
1. Is access to stores are restricted to authorized personnel only?
2. Are there clear spaces around racks and stacks of stored materials and are adequate gangways provided between them?
3. Are stacks and storage kept clear of light fittings and hot surfaces?
4. Are all stocks of flammable liquids kept in purpose-built flammable storage liquid stores?
5. Are storage areas generally cleaned and tidy?
6. Are flammable liquids kept away from all possible sources of ignition?
7. Emergency exit signs are available in right locations
8. Smoke detectors/fire alarm are visible and accessible.
9. Fire extinguishers are available are serviced regularly
10. Are free standing shelves and cupboards secured for stability?
11. Are heavy items stored at a suitable height?
12. Are chemical containers used for storage suitable and clearly labelled?
13. Is there adequate light in the storage area?
14. Are all small loose items secured in appropriate storage?
15. Are warning notices, prohibiting smoking and naked lights prominently displayed?
16. Others if any:
Remarks:
Inspected by: Signature:
Reviewed by Project Manager/HSE Manager Signature:
The Transportation Security Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, was created in the aftermath of 9/11 to oversee security for all transportation systems. This presentation, updated October 2015, provides information on the background, mission, and operations of TSA. For more information, visit www.tsa.gov.
Insights from David Alexander ICAO AVSEC Pm and General Manager: AVSEC at Professional Aviation Security on current aviation security challenges including recent airport attacks and providing some possible practical solutions
Improving Safety Culture and Safety Program can have huge dividends in profitability for the company. Not only in insurance costs but improving the overall bottom line. This was a presentation I did in Omaha for the Occupational Health and Safety.
8 Lifting Operations with mobile crane Risk Assessment Templates
Crane checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO USE
Access of crane to work areas
Siting and setting up of crane
Lifting of equipment and material
(Mobile crane Operator)
Crane supervision
Crane Maintenance
(revised 06-06-2018)
Project Information
Project Name: Store No.
Location: Contact Person:
Company Name: Arabtec Construction LLC. Date:
Sr. Description Yes No N/A Comments
1. Is access to stores are restricted to authorized personnel only?
2. Are there clear spaces around racks and stacks of stored materials and are adequate gangways provided between them?
3. Are stacks and storage kept clear of light fittings and hot surfaces?
4. Are all stocks of flammable liquids kept in purpose-built flammable storage liquid stores?
5. Are storage areas generally cleaned and tidy?
6. Are flammable liquids kept away from all possible sources of ignition?
7. Emergency exit signs are available in right locations
8. Smoke detectors/fire alarm are visible and accessible.
9. Fire extinguishers are available are serviced regularly
10. Are free standing shelves and cupboards secured for stability?
11. Are heavy items stored at a suitable height?
12. Are chemical containers used for storage suitable and clearly labelled?
13. Is there adequate light in the storage area?
14. Are all small loose items secured in appropriate storage?
15. Are warning notices, prohibiting smoking and naked lights prominently displayed?
16. Others if any:
Remarks:
Inspected by: Signature:
Reviewed by Project Manager/HSE Manager Signature:
The Transportation Security Administration, an agency of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, was created in the aftermath of 9/11 to oversee security for all transportation systems. This presentation, updated October 2015, provides information on the background, mission, and operations of TSA. For more information, visit www.tsa.gov.
Insights from David Alexander ICAO AVSEC Pm and General Manager: AVSEC at Professional Aviation Security on current aviation security challenges including recent airport attacks and providing some possible practical solutions
Improving Safety Culture and Safety Program can have huge dividends in profitability for the company. Not only in insurance costs but improving the overall bottom line. This was a presentation I did in Omaha for the Occupational Health and Safety.
8 Lifting Operations with mobile crane Risk Assessment Templates
Crane checks on arrival to site
PRIOR TO USE
Access of crane to work areas
Siting and setting up of crane
Lifting of equipment and material
(Mobile crane Operator)
Crane supervision
Crane Maintenance
(revised 06-06-2018)
Discuss the sub elements of worksite hazard analysis
Identify typical hazards in the workplace
Review various techniques that can be used to identify hazards in the workplace
A brief explanation on industrial safety and environmental engineering. all slides have visuals with lots of photos. good explanation with quality information will help you for better understanding. all types of safety categorize separately on each slide with proper heading
this slides may help for full fill your purpose and goals for searching.
thank you
Safety management for civil engineeringJayanta Sen
Safety is important and simultaneous activity of construction but managing and motivate to perform it at site is very difficult task for any organization. Some importance insights for civil engineering students who are not aware of.
Occupational health and safety management systems are used to identify hazards and manage risk. These tools are effective when used correctly to reduce liability, reduce operating cost, improve morale and corporate culture, worker job satisfaction, increase productivity and profitability, sustainable business development and projections for expansion, reduce financial risk, and improvement on company brand, reputation, and image.
Analyzing The Near Miss: Are companies overlooking crucial data?Garrett Foley
Near misses are predictive, showing the potential for future accidents. If a company doesn’t record its near misses, it’s missing a wealth of predictive information that could help prevent serious safety problems. For this reason, employees should be trained to identify near misses, and reporting these instances should be as quick and simple as possible. Nothing provides safety managers with more details and more trend data than near misses. They are the canary in the coal mine, helping to predict where, when, and why an accident will happen. With robust near-miss reporting, metal fabricators can catch safety issues long before they turn dangerous or even tragic.
Analyzing The Near Miss: Are companies overlooking crucial data?
Jobsafetyanalysis
1. Job Safety Analysis
Identification of Hazards
Occupational Safety & Health Bureau
Montana Department of Labor & Industry
Prepared for Montana Employers
by the
Occupational Safety & Health Bureau
Department of Labor and Industry
P.O. Box 1728
Helena, Montana 59624-1728
(406) 444-6401
2. Job Safety Analysis
Identification of Hazards
Introduction
Occupational injuries and fatalities occur every day in the workplace. These injuries often occur because
employees are not trained in the proper job procedure.
One way to prevent workplace injuries is to establish proper job procedures and train all employees in safer
and more efficient work methods. Establishing proper job procedures is one of the benefits of conducting a
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) – carefully studying and recording each step of a job, identifying existing or
potential job hazards (both safety and health), and determining the best way to reduce or eliminate these
hazards. A JSA is used to review job methods and uncover hazards that:
may have been overlooked in the layout of the plant or building and in the design of the machinery,
equipment, tools, workstations, and processes;
result of changes in work procedures or personnel;
may have developed after production has started.
When preparing a JSA the basic steps of the job are listed in the order in which they occur. For each step
list all of the hazards that can occur during the job step. Also include the safe procedures that should be
followed to guard against the hazards and ways to prevent potential accidents (see Appendix 1. JSA, for an
example of a Job Safety Analysis).
The benefits of performing a JSA are many, including:
giving individual training in safe and identifying what safeguards need to be in
efficient work procedures; place;
making employee safety contacts; supervisors learn about the job they
preparing for planned safety observations; supervise;
intrusting new worker on the job; employee participation in workplace safety;
giving pre-job instruction of irregular jobs; reduced absenteeism;
reviewing job procedures after accidents lowered workers’ compensation costs;
occur; increased productivity; and
studying jobs for possible improvements in positive attitudes about safety.
job methods;
I. Developing a JSA
A. Select The Job
Jobs with the worst accident history have priority and should be analyzed first. In selecting jobs to be
analyzed and the order of analysis, top supervisors of a department should be guided by the following
factors:
1. Frequency of Accidents. A job that has repeatedly caused accidents is a candidate for JSA. The greater
the number of accidents associated with the job, the greater its JSA priority.
2. Rate of Disabling Injuries. Every job that has disabling injuries should be given a JSA.
3. Severity Potential. Some jobs may not have a history of accidents but may have the potential for a
severe injury.
2
3. 4. New Jobs. A JSA of every new job should be made as soon as possible. Analysis should not be
delayed until accidents or near misses occur.
5. Near Misses. Jobs where near misses or close calls have occurred also should be given priority.
After the job has been selected, the three basic steps in making a JSA are:
Break the job down into successive steps or activities.
Identify the hazards and potential accidents.
Develop safe job procedures to eliminate the hazards and prevent the potential accidents.
B. Break the Job Down
To do a job breakdown, select the right worker to observe. Select an experienced, capable, and cooperative
worker who is willing to share ideas. Explain the purpose and the benefits of the JSA to the worker.
Observe the employee perform the job and write down the basic steps. Videotaping the job can also be
used for review in the future. To determine the basic steps, ask, “What step starts the job?” Then, “What is
the next basic step?” and so on.
Completely describe each step. Any deviation from the regular procedure should be recorded because it
may be this irregular activity that leads to an accident.
Number the job steps consecutively in the first column of the JSA. Each step should tell what is done, not
how it is done. The wording for each step should begin with an action verb like insert, open, or weld. The
action is completed by naming the item to which the action applies, for example “insert board”, “weld
joint.” Be sure to include every step of the job from beginning to end. Figure 1 shows the worker
performing the basic steps for grinding iron castings.
Figure 1. Grinding Castings: Job Streps
1. Reach into metal box to 2. Push casting against 3. Place finished casting in
right of machine, grasp wheel to grind off burr. box to left of machine.
casting, and carry to
wheel.
C. Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents
The next step in developing the JSA is the identification of all hazards involved with each step. Identify all
hazards, both those produced by the environment and those connected with the job procedures. Ask
yourself the following questions about each step:
3
4. Is there a danger of striking against, being struck by, or otherwise making harmful contact with an
object?
Can the employee be caught in, by, or between objects?
Can pushing, pulling, lifting, bending, or twisting cause strain?
Is there a potential for a slip or trip?
Is there a fall hazard where the worker can fall to a lower level?
Can the worker come in contact with electrical power and become part of the electric circuit?
Is the environment hazardous to safety and health? Are there concentrations of toxic gas, vapor, mist,
fume, dust, heat, or radiation.
Is there a danger of fire or explosion?
Close observation and knowledge of the particular job are required if the JSA is to be effective. The job
observation should be repeated until the worker and observers are comfortable that all hazards and potential
accidents are identified. Figure 2 shows basic job steps for gringing iron castings and any existing or
potential hazards.
Figure 2. Grinding Castings: Hazards
1. Strike hand on edge of 2. Strike hand against Sleeves could get caught
metal box or casting; cut wheel. Flying sparks, in machinery. Wheel
hand on burr. Drop dust, chips. Not enough breakage.
casting on toes. of wheel guarded. No 3. Strike hand against metal
dust removal systems. box or castings.
Listed below is a list of questions that should be asked and answered when inspecting a particular machine
or operation.
Is it possible for a person to come in contact with any moving piece of machine equipment?
Are rotating equipment, set screws, projecting keys, bolt heads, burrs, or other projections exposed
where they can strike at or snag a workers’ clothing or skin?
Is it possible to be drawn into the inrunning nip point between moving parts, such as a belt and sheave,
chain and sprocket, pressure rolls, rack and gear, or gear train?
Do machines or equipment have reciprocating movement or motion where workers can be caught on or
between a moving part and a fixed object?
Is it possible for a worker’s hands or arms to make contact with moving parts at the point of operation
where work is being performed by the machine?
Is it possible for material to be kicked back or ejected from the point of operation, injuring someone
nearby?
Are machine controls located and safeguarded to prevent unintended and inadvertent operation?
Are machine controls located to provide immediate access in the event of emergency?
Do machines vibrate, move, or walk during operation?
Is it possible for parts to become loose during operation, injuring operators and others?
4
5. Are guards positioned or adjusted to correspond with the permissible openings?
Is it possible for workers to bypass the machine guard?
Do machines, equipment, and tools receive regular maintenance?
Do workers have sufficient room to work safely?
Are all possible hazardous energy sources controlled during maintenance operations?
Are energy sources heat controlled for protection?
Is housekeeping satisfactory with no debris and tripping hazards?
Are chemical and product spill cleaned up immediately?
Is the operator properly using personal protective equipment (PPE)?
Is ventilation adequate?
Does the worker have good visibility during operation of machines or equipment?
Is the work area well illuminated with specific point of operation lighting where necessary?
Is the worker exposed to thermal stress during the operation?
Are all ignition sources (static electricity, sparks, arcs, open flame, e.t.c) eliminated before using
flammable liquid?
Are flammable or combustible vapors or gases present during operation?
Is the worker exposed to any source of electric shock or electrocution?
All of these questions can be incorporated into an inspection form that can be filled out at regular intervals.
Even if the question may not apply at first it may become relevant if there is a change from the standard
operating procedures. Using a checklist is a good way to be sure nothing is overlooked. Employers should
develop a checklist for each operation.
D. Develop Solutions
The last step in a JSA is to develop a recommended safe job procedure to prevent occurrence of potential
accidents. There are several solutions that should be considered.
Find a new way to do the job
Change the physical conditions that create the hazards
Change the work procedure
Reduce the frequency of job or task.
If a new way to do the job cannot be found then try to change the physical conditions (tools, materials,
equipment, layout, or location) of the job to eliminate the hazards.
When changing the work procedure is the best solution, find out what the employee can do during the job
to eliminate hazards or prevent potential accidents. The employee should be able to suggest ways to
improve the safety on their worksite.
Often a repair or service job has to be frequently repeated because a condition needs correction again and
again. To reduce the need of such a repetitive job find out what can be done to eliminate the cause of the
condition that makes excessive repairs necessary.
Reducing frequency of a job contributes to safety only in that it limits the exposure. Every effort should
still be made to eliminate hazards and to prevent potential accidents by changing physical conditions or
revising job procedures or both.
List recommended safe operating procedures on the form, and also list required or recommend personal
protective equipment for each step of the job. Be specific, say exactly what needs to be done to correct the
hazard. If the hazard is a serious one, it should be corrected immediately. The JSA should then be changed
to reflect the new condition.
5
6. Figure 3 identifies the basic job steps for grinding iron castings and recommendations for new steps and
protective measures.
Figure 3. Grinding Castings: New Procedure or Protection
1. Provide gloves and exhaust system. Provide 3. Provide for removal of
safety shoes. safety goggles. Instruct completed stock.
2. Provide larger guard worker to wear short or
over wheel. Install local tight-fitting sleeves.
6
7. Appendix 1. Example JSA
Job Safety Analysis Job Title: Bander Date: 00/00/00
Company/ Organization: Person Who Does Job: Bander Supervisor:
ABC Company Department:
Analysis By: Approved By:
Personal Protective Gloves, eye protection, long
Equipment Required: sleeves, safety boots
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS POTENTIAL HAZARDS RECOMMENDED ACTION / PROCEDURE
1. Position portable banding cart and 1. Cart positioned too close to pallet 1. Leave enough room between cart and
place strapping guard on top of boxes. (strike body & legs against cart or pallet to feed strapping - have firm grip on
pallet, drop strapping gun on foot.) strapping gun
2. Withdraw strapping and bend back 2. Sharp edges of strapping (cut 2. Wear gloves, eye protection, &
about 3 inches. hands, fingers, & arms) long sleeves - keep firm grip on strapping -
Sharp corners on pallet hold between thumb & forefinger.
(strike feet on corners.)
3. Walk around load while holding 3. Projecting sharp corners on 3. Assure a clear path between pallet and
strapping with one hand. pallet (strike feet on corners). cart - pull smoothly - avoid jerking strapping.
4. Pull and feed strap under pallet. 4. Splinters on pallet (punctures to 4. Wear gloves - eye protection - long
hands and fingers) sleeves. Point strap in direction of bend -
Sharp strap edges (cuts to hands, pull strap smoothly to avoid jerks.
fingers, and arms.)
5. Walk around load. Stoop down. 5. Protruding corners of pallet, 5. Assure a clear path - watch where walking,
Bend over, grab strap, pull up to splinters (punctures to feet and face direction in which walking.
machine, straighten out strap end. ankles).
6. Insert, position, and tighten strap 6. Springy and sharp strapping 6. Keep firm grasp on strap and on gun -
in gun. (strike against with hands and make sure clip is positioned properly.
fingers).
7