South Carolina 6th Grade Education Standards
6-1.1: Explain the characteristics of hunter-gatherer groups and their relationship to the natural environment
6-1.2: Explain the emergence of agriculture and its effect on early human communities, including the domestication of plants and animals, the impact of irrigation techniques, and subsequent food surpluses.
La Civilización Egipcia se desarrollo sin muchas condiciones naturales favorables y logro a través del Río Nilo ser una de las civilizaciones mas importantes del mundo por el tiempo en que se desarrollo y por su cultura.
Complex civilization in the Sahel and the gold trade. Establishment of settlements in the Sahel based on cultivation of millet, trade in copper and trade in gold.
South Carolina 6th Grade Education Standards
6-1.1: Explain the characteristics of hunter-gatherer groups and their relationship to the natural environment
6-1.2: Explain the emergence of agriculture and its effect on early human communities, including the domestication of plants and animals, the impact of irrigation techniques, and subsequent food surpluses.
La Civilización Egipcia se desarrollo sin muchas condiciones naturales favorables y logro a través del Río Nilo ser una de las civilizaciones mas importantes del mundo por el tiempo en que se desarrollo y por su cultura.
Complex civilization in the Sahel and the gold trade. Establishment of settlements in the Sahel based on cultivation of millet, trade in copper and trade in gold.
6-1.3: Compare the river valley civilizations of the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), the Nile (Egypt), the Indus (India), and the Huang He (China), including the evolution of written language, government, trade systems, architecture, and forms of social order.
The Phoenicians were the great mariners of the ancient world, and their thalassocracy (maritime realm) was organized into city-states. It is important to understand there was never a country or empire called “Phoenicia.” A possible origin of the historical name for this Semitic/Canaanite culture might have come from the ancient Greek Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē) meaning “Purple Land.” That is because the Phoenicians were famous in their own time for their dark purple dye—a rare and prized commodity. Inhabitants of the Phoenician city-states along the Eastern Mediterranean coast (like Sidon and Tyre) might have called themselves Kenaani (Canaanites).
African ArtChapter 16Major Time or Stylistic Periods80.docxdaniahendric
African Art
Chapter 16
Major Time or Stylistic Periods
8000-500 BCE – Sahara Rock Art
500-200 BCE – Nok
200 BCE-Present – Djenne
600-1100 BCE – Ghana Empire
Mid-Seventeenth Century – Islam Introduced
800 CE-Present – Ife
9th-10th Century – Igbo Ukwu
1000-1500 CE – Great Zimbabwe
1170 CE-Present – Benin
1250-1450 CE – Mali Empire
1465-1591 CE – Songhay Kingdom
Important Historical Events
2300 BCE – Egyptian envoy, Harkhuf, lands in Nubia (Egyptian relations with the rest of the African continent continued through the Hellenistic era and beyond).
1000-300 BCE – Phoenicians and Greeks founded dozens of settlements along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa to extend trade routes across the Sahara to the peoples of Lake Chad and the bend of the Niger River (when the Romans took control of North Africa, they continued this lucrative trans-Saharan trade).
600-700 CE – Expanding empire of Islam swept across North Africa, and thereafter Islamic merchants were regular visitors to sub-Saharan Africa. Islamic scholars chronicled the great West African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay. West African gold financed the flowering of Islamic culture.
East Africa had been drawn into the maritime trade that ringed the Indian Ocean and extended to Indonesia and the South China Sea. Arab, Indian, and Persian ships plied the coastline. Swahili evolved from centuries of contact between Arabic-speaking merchants and Bantu-speaking Africans. Great port cities such as Kilwa, Mombasa, and Mogadishu arose.
1400 CE – Europeans ventured by ship into the Atlantic Ocean and down the coast of Africa. They rediscovered the continent firsthand.
Nok
Some of the earliest evidence of iron technology in sub-Saharan Africa comes from the Nok culture, which arose in the western Sudan (present-day Nigeria) as early as 500 BEC.
Nok people were farmers who grew grain and oil-bearing seeds, but they were also smelters with the technology for refining ore. Slag and the remains of furnaces have been discovered, along with clay nozzles from the bellows used to fan the fires.
The Nok people created the earliest known sculpture of sub-Saharan Africa, producing accomplished terra-cotta figures of human and animal subjects between 500 BCE-200 CE.
Nok 500 BCE-200 CE
Earliest evidence of iron technology (western Sudan, present-day Nigeria)
Terracotta Head, Nok, 500 BCE-200 CE, 36cm, National Museum, Lagos, Nigeria
Ife
Crowned Head of a Ruler
From Ife
Yoruba Culture
12th-15th century CE
Height 9 7/16”
Memorial Head of an Oba (King)
From Benin, Nigeria
c. 16th century CE
Brass
Height 9”
These men took part in the expedition made by the British in 1897.
Benin
Queen Mother Pendant Mask (Iyoba) 16th century
Edo peoples
Court of Benin, Nigeria
ivory, iron, copper
Culture: Nigeria; Edo, Court of Benin
Title: Pendant Mask: Iyoba
Work Type: PENDANT, MASK, IYOBA
Date: 16th century
Location: Object Place: Nigeria
Material: Ivory, iron, copper (?)
Measurements: H. 9 ...
African ArtChapter 16Major Time or Stylistic Periods80.docxMARK547399
African Art
Chapter 16
Major Time or Stylistic Periods
8000-500 BCE – Sahara Rock Art
500-200 BCE – Nok
200 BCE-Present – Djenne
600-1100 BCE – Ghana Empire
Mid-Seventeenth Century – Islam Introduced
800 CE-Present – Ife
9th-10th Century – Igbo Ukwu
1000-1500 CE – Great Zimbabwe
1170 CE-Present – Benin
1250-1450 CE – Mali Empire
1465-1591 CE – Songhay Kingdom
Important Historical Events
2300 BCE – Egyptian envoy, Harkhuf, lands in Nubia (Egyptian relations with the rest of the African continent continued through the Hellenistic era and beyond).
1000-300 BCE – Phoenicians and Greeks founded dozens of settlements along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa to extend trade routes across the Sahara to the peoples of Lake Chad and the bend of the Niger River (when the Romans took control of North Africa, they continued this lucrative trans-Saharan trade).
600-700 CE – Expanding empire of Islam swept across North Africa, and thereafter Islamic merchants were regular visitors to sub-Saharan Africa. Islamic scholars chronicled the great West African empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay. West African gold financed the flowering of Islamic culture.
East Africa had been drawn into the maritime trade that ringed the Indian Ocean and extended to Indonesia and the South China Sea. Arab, Indian, and Persian ships plied the coastline. Swahili evolved from centuries of contact between Arabic-speaking merchants and Bantu-speaking Africans. Great port cities such as Kilwa, Mombasa, and Mogadishu arose.
1400 CE – Europeans ventured by ship into the Atlantic Ocean and down the coast of Africa. They rediscovered the continent firsthand.
Nok
Some of the earliest evidence of iron technology in sub-Saharan Africa comes from the Nok culture, which arose in the western Sudan (present-day Nigeria) as early as 500 BEC.
Nok people were farmers who grew grain and oil-bearing seeds, but they were also smelters with the technology for refining ore. Slag and the remains of furnaces have been discovered, along with clay nozzles from the bellows used to fan the fires.
The Nok people created the earliest known sculpture of sub-Saharan Africa, producing accomplished terra-cotta figures of human and animal subjects between 500 BCE-200 CE.
Nok 500 BCE-200 CE
Earliest evidence of iron technology (western Sudan, present-day Nigeria)
Terracotta Head, Nok, 500 BCE-200 CE, 36cm, National Museum, Lagos, Nigeria
Ife
Crowned Head of a Ruler
From Ife
Yoruba Culture
12th-15th century CE
Height 9 7/16”
Memorial Head of an Oba (King)
From Benin, Nigeria
c. 16th century CE
Brass
Height 9”
These men took part in the expedition made by the British in 1897.
Benin
Queen Mother Pendant Mask (Iyoba) 16th century
Edo peoples
Court of Benin, Nigeria
ivory, iron, copper
Culture: Nigeria; Edo, Court of Benin
Title: Pendant Mask: Iyoba
Work Type: PENDANT, MASK, IYOBA
Date: 16th century
Location: Object Place: Nigeria
Material: Ivory, iron, copper (?)
Measurements: H. 9.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
5. The Ancient City of Jenne-Jeno
C) In 1977, archeologists began excavating the ancient
West African city of Jenne-jeno. Built in the 3rd century
B.C.E., Jenne-jeno existed for more than 1,600 years.
Before it was rediscovered, historians thought that cities
did not exist in West Africa until outsiders arrived and
helped local people build them. The discovery of
Jenne-jeno proved this theory wrong.
6. D) Jenne-jeno was built where the Niger River meets the
Bani River. This was an ideal location for farming, fishing,
and trade. The people of Jenne-jeno traded their surplus
goods—such as catfish, fish oil, onions, and rice—for salt,
iron ore, copper, and gold. The iron ore came from 50 miles
away and the copper from 600 miles away.
7. Jenne-jeno grew into a busy city of about twenty thousand people. It was surrounded by a wall 10 feet wide and 13 feet high. The wall may have been built to
give the city more status and to make it easier to control the comings and goings of traders.
E) Jenne-jeno grew into a busy city of about twenty
thousand people. It was surrounded by a wall 10 feet wide
and 13 feet high. The wall may have been built to give the
city more status and to make it easier to control the
comings and goings of traders.
8.
9. ● F) The people of Jenne-jeno
lived in circular houses. At
first, they built the houses
from bent poles and woven
mats. Later, they used mud
blocks.
● The city’s people worked at
many crafts. Besides farmers
and fishers, there were
potters, metalsmiths,
weavers, leatherworkers,
bead makers, and ivory
carvers.
10. G) The most respected people in Jenne-jeno
were blacksmiths. The people of West
Africa prized iron more than gold. They
were amazed by blacksmiths’ ability to make
tools from iron. As in many other early
cultures, early West Africans thought
blacksmiths had supernatural (magical or
godlike) powers. For this reason,
blacksmiths had authority and many
responsibilities. Blacksmiths acted as
political leaders, judges, and doctors. Some
were charged with predicting the future.
11. H) In recent years,
scientists have studied the
sites of other ancient cities
in West Africa. They have
found evidence of trade,
craftsmanship, and great
wealth.