The document discusses archaeological evidence that supports the historicity of events described in the Indian epic Mahabharata. Marine archaeologists discovered the submerged ruins of Dwaraka, the city where Krishna is said to have lived. The discovery includes structural remains of the city extending over half a mile inland from the coast, as well as artifacts dating back 3,500 years that match descriptions in the Mahabharata. This evidence suggests that Mahabharata is not just mythology but also describes real historical events and places. More resources are needed to continue excavations to further uncover the sunken city of Dwaraka and better understand the history of the period.

1. Mahabharata Is History Not a Myth

2. Mahabharata – History not a Myth The following slides are a set prepared using material available on the internet. The objective is to bring awareness to the fact that Dwaraka – the city where Krishna lived, has been explored by the marine archeological unit and scientific evidence now points to the fact that Mahabharata is a book of history and is not mythology.

3. DWARKA – Krishna’s city "The findings in Dwarka and archeological evidence found are compatible with the Mahabharata tradition and removes the lingering doubt about the historicity of the Mahabharata. We would say that Krishna definitely existed" S.R. Rao. Source: Report about the excavations done by Dr. S.R. Rao of the Marine Archaeology Unit of the National Institute of Oceanography of India. Dr. S.R. Rao served the Archaeological Survey of India for over 32 years. He is the discoverer of a large number of Harappan sites including the port city of Lothal in Gujarat.

4. Artist's view of ancient fortified Dwaraka in Kusasthali

9. Submergence of Dwaraka – as written in Mahabharata After Sri Krishna left for the heavenly abode, and the major Yadava heads were killed in fights among themselves; Arjuna went to Dwarka to bring Krishna's grandsons and the Yadava wives to Hastinapur. After Arjuna left Dwaraka, it was submerged in the sea. This is the account given by Arjuna, in Mahabharata: "The sea, which had been beating against the shores, suddenly broke the boundary that was imposed on it by nature. The sea rushed into the city. It coursed through the streets of the beautiful city. The sea covered up everything in the city. I saw the beautiful buildings becoming submerged one by one. In a matter of a few moments it was all over. The sea had now become as placid as a lake. There was no trace of the city. Dwaraka was just a name; just a memory."

10. Discovery of Dwaraka The search for the lost city was going on since 1930's. Marine Archaeology Unit (MAU) of the National Institute of Oceanography, took part in this search in 1983. This search was carried out in the coastal waters of Dwaraka in Gujarat. Between 1983 to 1990 was discovered, the well-fortified township of Dwaraka, that extended more than half a mile from the shore. The township was built in six sectors along the banks of a river. The foundation of boulders on which the city's walls were erected proves that the land was reclaimed from the sea. Dwaraka extended upto Bet Dwaraka (Sankhodhara) in the north and Okhamadhi in the south. Eastward it extended upto Pindara. The general layout of the city of Dwaraka described in ancient texts agrees with that of the submerged city discovered by MAU.

11. The expedition of 1981 "The search for the lost city has been going on since 1930," S.R. Rao, former adviser to the NIO who is still actively involved in the excavations, told India Abroad. "It is only after marine archaeologists started exploring the seabed near modern Dwarka from 1981 that the structural remains of the city were found." Rao said that if a fraction of the funds spent on land archeology were made available for under-water archaeology, more light could be thrown on Dwarka, which had much archeological significance because it was built during the second urbanization that occurred in India after the Indus Valley civilization in northwestern India. Dwarka's existence disproves the belief held by Western archeologists that there was no urbanization in the Indian subcontinent from the period between 1700 B.C. (Indus Valley) and 550 B.C. (advent of Buddhism). As no information was available about that period, they had labeled it the Dark Period.

12. How was the city - Dwaraka Among the objects unearthed that proved Dwarka's connection with the Mahabharata epic was a sea engraved with the image of a three-headed animal.The epic mentions such a seal given to the citizens of Dwarka as a proof of identity when the city was threatened by King Jarasandha of the powerful Magadha kingdom (now Bihar).The foundation of boulders on which the city's walls were erected proves that the land was reclaimed from the sea about 3,600 years ago. The epic has references to such reclamation activity at Dwaraka. Seven islands mentioned in it were also discovered submerged in the Arabian Sea. Pottery, which has been established by thermo-luminescence tests to be 3,528 years old and carrying inscriptions in late Indus Valley civilization script; iron stakes and triangular three-holed anchors discovered here find mention in the Mahabharata.

13. The work in Progress What is needed, Rao added, is the political will to reconstruct the cultural history of the Vedic and epic periods of northern India. The maritime museums at sites of wrecks and submerged ports are absolutely essential, and portable antiquities should be conserved properly, he emphasized.

14. The Proposal If the proposal to have a maritime museum is accepted by the Gujarat government, it would be the first of its kind in India, he pointed out. Recounting the start of exploration for Dwarka, Rao said, "We carried out the original survey with just four scuba divers, while the operation called for the services of around 200 divers and other staff ". But for the work to progress now, more equipment is needed, besides funds and time, he warned, adding: "We need two barges, one mounted with a crate, and equipment such as an airlift. We need 30 or 40 divers and engineers. The work should go on for at least six months and cannot be halted midway."