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Answer of Calculus Home Work for School of
Pharmacy
Dadang Amir Hamzah
May 7, 2013
a. Express the total loss L as a function of θ, in term of a, b, R, r and θ.
Answer:
From the figure we know that d1 = a − d2 cos θ and d2 = b
sin θ
. So the
total loss
L = k
d1
R4
+
d2
r4
expressed in term of a, b, R, r and θ is
L = k
a − b cot θ
R4
+
b csc θ
r4
.
b. Find the Critical value of θ such that the energy loss is minimal.
Answer:
The critical value of θ exceed when L (θ) = 0. From answer of point a
L (θ) = k csc2
θ
b
R4
−
b
r4
cos θ .
The critical value of θ is the value of θ which satisfied
k csc2
θ = 0, , cos θ =
r4
R4
.
So the value of θ is
θ = cos−1 r4
R4
.
c. If the ratio of the pipe radii is r/R = 5/6. estimate to the nearest
degree the optimal branching angle given in part b.
Answer:
If we substitute the value of r = 5
6
R to the answer of point b we get
the value of θ which minimized the loss function L that is
θ = cos−1 r4
R4
= cos−1 5
6
4
≈ 60.49o
1
d. Find the critical value of θc such that the cost of maintaining loss
is minimal, which is not the same as the value θ that minimizes the
previous functional L.
Answer:
First lets express Lc in term of a, b, R, r and θ. Thus we get
Lc(θ) = K (a − b cot θ) R2
+
b
sin θ
r2
.
By the same argument as previous problem we get
Lc(θ) = K b csc2
θ R2
− r2
cos θ .
The critical value of θ is the value of θ which satisfied
K b csc2
θ = 0 , R2
− r2
cos θ = 0.
So the possible value of theta is
θ = cos−1 R
r
2
.
e. We can combine these functionals, L and Lc, into one functional Lt =
L + Lc. Find the critical value θ that minimizes Lt.
Answer:
After we combine the previous answer we can get Lt in term of a, b, R, r
and θ. The critical value of Lt exceeds when Lt(θ) = 0. By differenti-
ating Lt(θ) we get
Lt(θ) = csc2
θ
kb
R4
+ KR2
b −
kb
r4
+ kbr2
cos θ .
The value of θ which minimizes Lt is the value of θ which satisfied
csc2
θ = 0 ,
kb
R4
+ KR2
b −
kb
r4
+ kbr2
cos θ = 0.
The possible value of θ is
θ = cos−1 r
R
4
kb + KbR6
kb + Kbr6
.
f(i). By taking
lim
r→R
cos−1 r
R
4
kb + KbR6
kb + Kbr6
= cos−1
(1)
so we get θ = 0.
2
f(ii). By taking
lim
R→0
cos−1 r
R
4
kb + KbR6
kb + Kbr6
= cos−1
(0)
so we get θ = π
2
. The two point above show that the θ agree with
original minimizer.
3

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Jawaban tugas kalkulus SF

  • 1. Answer of Calculus Home Work for School of Pharmacy Dadang Amir Hamzah May 7, 2013 a. Express the total loss L as a function of θ, in term of a, b, R, r and θ. Answer: From the figure we know that d1 = a − d2 cos θ and d2 = b sin θ . So the total loss L = k d1 R4 + d2 r4 expressed in term of a, b, R, r and θ is L = k a − b cot θ R4 + b csc θ r4 . b. Find the Critical value of θ such that the energy loss is minimal. Answer: The critical value of θ exceed when L (θ) = 0. From answer of point a L (θ) = k csc2 θ b R4 − b r4 cos θ . The critical value of θ is the value of θ which satisfied k csc2 θ = 0, , cos θ = r4 R4 . So the value of θ is θ = cos−1 r4 R4 . c. If the ratio of the pipe radii is r/R = 5/6. estimate to the nearest degree the optimal branching angle given in part b. Answer: If we substitute the value of r = 5 6 R to the answer of point b we get the value of θ which minimized the loss function L that is θ = cos−1 r4 R4 = cos−1 5 6 4 ≈ 60.49o 1
  • 2. d. Find the critical value of θc such that the cost of maintaining loss is minimal, which is not the same as the value θ that minimizes the previous functional L. Answer: First lets express Lc in term of a, b, R, r and θ. Thus we get Lc(θ) = K (a − b cot θ) R2 + b sin θ r2 . By the same argument as previous problem we get Lc(θ) = K b csc2 θ R2 − r2 cos θ . The critical value of θ is the value of θ which satisfied K b csc2 θ = 0 , R2 − r2 cos θ = 0. So the possible value of theta is θ = cos−1 R r 2 . e. We can combine these functionals, L and Lc, into one functional Lt = L + Lc. Find the critical value θ that minimizes Lt. Answer: After we combine the previous answer we can get Lt in term of a, b, R, r and θ. The critical value of Lt exceeds when Lt(θ) = 0. By differenti- ating Lt(θ) we get Lt(θ) = csc2 θ kb R4 + KR2 b − kb r4 + kbr2 cos θ . The value of θ which minimizes Lt is the value of θ which satisfied csc2 θ = 0 , kb R4 + KR2 b − kb r4 + kbr2 cos θ = 0. The possible value of θ is θ = cos−1 r R 4 kb + KbR6 kb + Kbr6 . f(i). By taking lim r→R cos−1 r R 4 kb + KbR6 kb + Kbr6 = cos−1 (1) so we get θ = 0. 2
  • 3. f(ii). By taking lim R→0 cos−1 r R 4 kb + KbR6 kb + Kbr6 = cos−1 (0) so we get θ = π 2 . The two point above show that the θ agree with original minimizer. 3