Java Program using RecursionWrite a program that reads in a file .pdf
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Java Program using Recursion: Write a program that reads in a file and outputs it to another file. The output file created should be identical to the input file but with its lines in reverse order. Use recursion. Obtain the names of the input and output files from the command line. For the input file, use a file that contains the integers 1 to 10, each on a seperate line. Solution I think the given code is working correctly import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.RandomAccessFile; import java.io.Reader; public class Reversefile { public static void main(String[] args) { FileInputStream fis = null; RandomAccessFile raf = null; String characterEncoding = \"utf-8\"; if(args.length==3) { characterEncoding = args[2]; } try{ File in = new File(args[0]); fis = new FileInputStream(in); Reader r = new InputStreamReader(fis,characterEncoding); File out = new File(args[1]); raf = new RandomAccessFile(out, \"rw\"); raf.setLength(in.length()); char[] buff = new char[1]; long position = in.length(); while((r.read(buff))>-1) { Character c = buff[0]; String s = c+\"\"; byte[] bBuff = s.getBytes(characterEncoding); position = position-bBuff.length; raf.seek(position); raf.write(bBuff); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { try { fis.close(); } catch (Exception e2) { } try { raf.close(); } catch (Exception e2) { } } } }.
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![Java Program using Recursion:
Write a program that reads in a file and outputs it to another file. The output file created should
be identical to the input file but with its lines in reverse order. Use recursion. Obtain the names
of the input and output files from the command line. For the input file, use a file that contains the
integers 1 to 10, each on a seperate line.
Solution
I think the given code is working correctly
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.io.Reader;
public class Reversefile {
public static void main(String[] args) {
FileInputStream fis = null;
RandomAccessFile raf = null;
String characterEncoding = "utf-8";
if(args.length==3) {
characterEncoding = args[2];
}
try{
File in = new File(args[0]);
fis = new FileInputStream(in);
Reader r = new InputStreamReader(fis,characterEncoding);
File out = new File(args[1]);
raf = new RandomAccessFile(out, "rw");
raf.setLength(in.length());
char[] buff = new char[1];
long position = in.length();
while((r.read(buff))>-1) {
Character c = buff[0];
String s = c+"";
byte[] bBuff = s.getBytes(characterEncoding);](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/javaprogramusingrecursionwriteaprogramthatreadsinafile-230707032013-ccfe07f5/85/Java-Program-using-RecursionWrite-a-program-that-reads-in-a-file-pdf-1-320.jpg)
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Write a java program that allows the user to input the name of a fil.docx
The document describes a Java program that takes in a file containing positive integers, reads the integers, separates the even and odd numbers, and writes them to separate text files. The program prompts the user to enter the file name and number of integers, then uses loops and conditionals to read each integer, check if it is even or odd, and write it to the corresponding file. On completion, it notifies the user that the files were successfully written.
Write a java program that allows the user to input the name of a file.docx
Write a java program that allows the user to input the name of a file that contains positive integers (one integer per line) The number of integers in the file The program should find all odd and even numbers and write the odd numbers to a file \"odd.txt\" and write the even numbers to another file \"even.txt\"
Solution
package expertques;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class evenoddwithfile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File in;//file input
File even = new File(\"f://even.txt\");//creates file even
File odd = new File(\"f://odd.txt\");//creates file odd
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);//reads input from console or user
System.out.println(\"Enter the file name with path: \");
in = new File(s.nextLine());
System.out.println(\"Enter the number of integers n the file: \");
int n = s.nextInt();
if (in.exists()) {//checks if input file exist or not
Scanner ins = new Scanner(in);//reads input file
PrintWriter pe = new PrintWriter(even);//write to even file
PrintWriter po = new PrintWriter(odd);//writes to odd file
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {//loop till the numbers exists
int x = ins.nextInt();//reads from input file
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}
pe.close();//closes even file very important else nothing will be written in the file
po.close();//closes odd file very important else nothing will be written in the file
System.out.println(\"File successfully written with odds and evens\");
} else {
System.out.println(\"Error file not found at specified path\");//if file not exist
}
}
}
output
run:
Enter the file name with path:
f://integers.txt
Enter the number of integers n the file:
8
File successfully written with odds and evens
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 6 seconds)
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import java.io.BufferedWriter;
public class Datasort {
public static void main (String [] args) {
File fin = // input file
File fout = // create an out file
// Java FileInputStream class obtains input bytes from a file
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fin);
// buffering characters so as to provide for the efficient reading of characters, arrays, and lines
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String aLine;
ArrayList al = new ArrayList ();
int i = 0;
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// set the sort for values is greater than 0
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{
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Add
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Write a program that will count the number of characters- words- and l.docx
Write a program that will count the number of characters, words, and lines in a file. Words are separated by whitespace characters. The file name should be passed as a command-line argument, as shown;
c:\\exercise>java Exercise12_13 Loan.java
File Loan.java has
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210 words
71 lines
c:\\exercise>
Solution
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
public class ass1
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException
{
//Â Â Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(args[0]);
//System.out.println(args[1]);
//System.out.println(args[2]);
String inputFile=args[0];
File file = new File(inputFile);
Scanner in = new Scanner(file);
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int lines = 0;
int chars = 0;
while(in.hasNextLine()) {
lines++;
String line = in.nextLine();
chars += line.length();
words += new StringTokenizer(line, \" \").countTokens();
}
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System.out.println(\"words are \"+words);
System.out.println(\"lines are \"+lines);
}
}
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Solution
package expertques;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class evenoddwithfile {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
File in;//file input
File even = new File(\"f://even.txt\");//creates file even
File odd = new File(\"f://odd.txt\");//creates file odd
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);//reads input from console or user
System.out.println(\"Enter the file name with path: \");
in = new File(s.nextLine());
System.out.println(\"Enter the number of integers n the file: \");
int n = s.nextInt();
if (in.exists()) {//checks if input file exist or not
Scanner ins = new Scanner(in);//reads input file
PrintWriter pe = new PrintWriter(even);//write to even file
PrintWriter po = new PrintWriter(odd);//writes to odd file
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po.close();//closes odd file very important else nothing will be written in the file
System.out.println(\"File successfully written with odds and evens\");
} else {
System.out.println(\"Error file not found at specified path\");//if file not exist
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}
}
output
run:
Enter the file name with path:
f://integers.txt
Enter the number of integers n the file:
8
File successfully written with odds and evens
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 6 seconds)
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For this assignment, you will develop starter code. After
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develop
"starter" code. After you finish, your code should access an existing text file that you have created, create an input stream, read the contents of the text flie, sort and store the contents of the text file into an ArrayList, then write the sorted contents via an ouput stream to a separate output text file.
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and
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import java.io.BufferedWriter;
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Add
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Write a program that will count the number of characters, words, and lines in a file. Words are separated by whitespace characters. The file name should be passed as a command-line argument, as shown;
c:\\exercise>java Exercise12_13 Loan.java
File Loan.java has
1919 characters
210 words
71 lines
c:\\exercise>
Solution
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import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
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{
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException
{
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String line = in.nextLine();
chars += line.length();
words += new StringTokenizer(line, \" \").countTokens();
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System.out.println(\"words are \"+words);
System.out.println(\"lines are \"+lines);
}
}
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In Java:
Write a program that reads a file and counts how many lines it contains
Solution
sentences.txt (Save the file in the D:Drive.then the path of the file pointing to it is
D:\\\\sentences.txt )
sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 4
sentence 5
sentence 6
sentence 7
sentence 8
sentence 9
sentence 10
sentence 11
sentence 12
sentence 13
sentence 14
sentence 15
sentence 16
sentence 17
sentence 18
sentence 19
sentence 20
______________________________________
CountingNoOfLinesInFile.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CountingNoOfLinesInFile {
public static void main(String args[]) {
//Declaring variables
int count_lines=0;
//Assigning the file name to the String variable
String fname = \"D://lines999.txt\";
//Creating the Scanner class reference
Scanner sc=null;
try{
//Opening the file
sc= new Scanner(new File(fname));
//This loops continue to execute until the end of the file
while (sc.hasNext()){
sc.nextLine();
//Counting the number of lines
count_lines++;
}
} catch (IOException e)
{
//Displaying the exception
System.out.println(\"Exception :\"+e);
}
//Displaying the number of lines in the file
System.out.println(\"No of Lines in the File :\"+count_lines);
}
}
______________________________________
Output:
No of Lines in the File :20
________________Thank You.
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In JavaWrite a program that reads a text file that contains a gra.pdf
In Java:
Write a program that reads a text file that contains a grade (for instance, 87) on each line.
Calculate and print the average of the grades.
Solution
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader; // importing filereader
import java.io.IOException; // importing file io exceptions
public class grade {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BufferedReader br = null;
double count=0;
int noOfgrades=0;
try {
String sLine;
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"sample.txt\")); // reading file using buffer
reader
while ((sLine = br.readLine()) != null) { // rading line by line
noOfgrades=noOfgrades+1; // getting number of grades
int num=Integer.parseInt(sLine); // convert string into integer
count=count+num; // adding each grade to count
}
System.out.println(\"count:\\t\"+count);
System.out.println(\"noOfgrades:\\t\"+noOfgrades);
System.out.println(\"Average of the grades:\\t\"+(count/noOfgrades));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); // catch exception
} finally {
try {
if (br != null)br.close(); // closing buffer
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();// printing exceptions
}
}
}
}
/********** out file******
fileName:sample.txt
file contains \"
23
34
56
7
88
89
52
34
65
\"
*/
/************output*************
count: 448.0
noOfgrades: 9
Average of the grades: 49.77
*/.
Description 1) Create a Lab2 folder for this project2.docx
Description
1) Create a Lab2 folder for this project
2) Use the main driver program (called Writers.java) that I provide below to write files of differing types. You can copy and paste this code, but make sure the spaces variable copies correctly. The copy and paste operation eliminates the spaces between the quotes on some systems.
3) In the writers program, fill in the code for the three classes (Random, Binary, and Text). In each class, you will need a constructor, a write method, and a close method. The constructor opens the file, the write method writes a record, and the close method closes the file.
4) Other than what I just described, don't change the program in any way. The program asks for a file type (random, binary, or text) and the name of the file to create. In a loop it inputs a person's name (string), a person's age (int), and a person's annual salary (double). It writes to a file of the appropriate type. The loop terminates when the user indicates that inputting is complete. The program then asks if another file should be created. If the answer is yes, the whole process starts again. This and all of the java driver programs should be saved in your lab2 folder but not in the cs258 sub-folder.
5) Note: The method signatures for accessing all of the three types of files (binary, random, and text) are on the class web-site. Go to power point slides and click on week two. This will help if you didn't take accurate notes in class.
6) Write a main program to read binary files (BinReader.java). This program only needs to be able to read and display records from a Binary file that was created by the writers program.
7) Write a main program to read random files (RandReader.java). This program only needs to be able to read and display records from a Binary file that was created by the writers program. Make sure that this program reads and displays records in reverse order. DO NOT USE AN ARRAY!!!
8) In your Lab2 folder, create a subfolder within lab2 named cs258. Download Keyboard.java from the class web-site to that folder. Add a new first line of Keyboard.java with the statement, package cs258;. This line will make Keyboard.java part of the cs258 package. The driver program shown below has an import ‘cs258.*;’ statement to access the java files in this package.
9) Modify Keyboard.java. We want to extend this class so it can be extended to allow access to multiple files. The changes follow:
a. Remove all static references. This is necessary so that there will be an input stream variable (in) in each object.
b. Change the private modifier of the in and current_token variables to protected. Change the private modifier to protected in all of the signature lines of the overloaded getNextToken methods.
c. Create a constructor that instantiates the input stream for keyboard input. Remove the instantiation from the original declaration line for the in variable. The constructor doesn't need any parameters.
10)Create a class TextR.
I need help with this Java assignment. Please include comments throu.pdf
I need help with this Java assignment. Please include comments throughout. Thanks
Write a program that will make a copy of a text file, line by line. Read the name of the existing
file and the name of the new file - the copy - from the keyboard. Use the methods of the class
File to test whether the original file exists and can be read. If not, display an error message and
abort the program. Similarly, see whether the name of the new file already exists. If so, display a
warning message and allow the user to either abort the program , overwrite the existing file, or
enter a new name for the file.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class Project4
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.print(\"Enter file name: \");
Scanner keybaord = new Scanner(System.in);
String fileName = keyboard.next();
Scanner inputStream = null;
System.out.println(fileName);
File fileObject = new File(\"old.txt\");
String path = \"C:\\\\Library\\\\Documents\\\\NetBeansProjects\\\\Project4\";
File source = new File(path);
try
{
inputStream = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println(\"Error opening the file \" + fileName);
System.exit(0);
}
while (inputStream.hasNextLine())
{
String line = inputStream.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
inputStream.close();
boolean fileOK = false;
while (!fileOK)
{
if (!fileObject.exists())
System.out.println(\"No such file\");
else if (!fileObject.canRead())
System.out.println(\"That file is not readable.\");
else
fileOK = true;
if (!fileOK)
{
System.out.println(\"Enter the file name again:\");
fileName = keyboard.next();
fileObject = new File(fileName);
}
}
}
public static void PrintWriter openOutputTextFile
{
(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException
{
PrintWriter toFile = new PrintWriter(fileName);
return toFile;
}
PrintWriter outputStream = null;
try
{
outputStream = openOutputTextFile(\"old.txt\");
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
}
}.
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints .pdf
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints the number of characters,
words (separated by whitespace), and lines in that file. Then, it replaces each line of the file with
its reverse. For example, if the file contains the following lines (Test1.txt):
This is a test
Hi there
Output on the console:
Number of characters: 22
Number of words: 6
Number of lines: 2
Data written to the file (Test1.txt):
tset a si sihT
ereth iH
Solution
ReadFileCount.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReadFileCount {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter file name: \");
String fileName = scan.next();
StringBuffer finalsb = new StringBuffer();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
int numberOfLines = 0;
int numberOfCharacters = 0;
int numberOfWords = 0;
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(file);;
while(scan1.hasNextLine()){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String s = scan1.nextLine();
sb.append(s);
numberOfLines++;
numberOfCharacters = numberOfCharacters + s.length();
String words[] = s.split(\" \");
numberOfWords = numberOfWords + words.length;
finalsb.append(sb.reverse());
finalsb.append(\"\ \");
}
System.out.println(\"Number of characters: \"+numberOfCharacters);
System.out.println(\"Number of words: \"+numberOfWords);
System.out.println(\"Number of lines : \"+numberOfLines);
PrintStream ps =new PrintStream(file);
ps.print(finalsb.toString());
ps.flush();
ps.close();
System.out.println(\"Data written to the file \"+fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"File does not exist\");
}
}
}
Output:
Enter file name:
D:\\\\Test1.txt
Number of characters: 0
Number of words: 0
Number of lines : 0
Data written to the file D:\\\\Test1.txt
Test1.txt
tset a si sihT
ereht iH.
Change the code in Writer.java only to get it working. Must contain .pdf
Change the code in Writer.java only to get it working. Must contain methods: logReverse() ,
logMax(), logDuplicates(),
This lab is going to focus on File Output, which you will find is somewhat similar to console
output.
FileMain.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FileMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Please enter the name of the file you would like to read: ");
String fileName = scnr.next();
Reader reader = new Reader();
ArrayList fileContents = reader.getFileContents(fileName);
System.out.println("Please enter a name for your new file: ");
String newFileName = scnr.next();
Writer fileOut = new Writer(newFileName);
fileOut.logReverse(fileContents);
fileOut.logMax(fileContents);
fileOut.logDuplicates(fileContents);
fileOut.closeWriter();
scnr.close();
}
}
Filetester.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class FileTester {
public static boolean testLogReverse(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logReverseTest.txt");
writer.logReverse(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("Reversed file contents: ");
expected.add("58");
expected.add("12");
expected.add("19");
expected.add("42");
expected.add("12");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logReverseTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static boolean testLogMax(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logMaxTest.txt");
writer.logMax(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("The largest number in the file is: 58");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logMaxTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static boolean testLogDuplicates(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logDuplicatesTest.txt");
writer.logDuplicates(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("Duplicates found: true");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logDuplicatesTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Reader reader = new Reader();
ArrayList fileContents = reader.getFileContents("nums.txt");
System.out.println("logReverse test passed? " + testLogReverse(fileContents));
System.out.println("logMax test passed? " + testLogMax(fileContents));
System.out.println("logDuplicates test passed? " + testLogDuplicates(fileContents));
}
}
Reader.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Sca.
Files & IO in Java
The document discusses files, streams, and different classes in Java for reading and writing files and streams. It explains that files exist on a local file system while streams represent a flow of characters. It also discusses the process of opening, reading from, and closing files, as well as using classes like FileReader, FileWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading/writing characters and bytes. It recommends using BufferedReader and BufferedWriter for more efficient reading of lines and writing of strings.
Use Java to program the following.1. Create public java class name.pdf
Use Java to program the following.
1. Create public java class named Benford.
2. It\'s main function should prompt for the name of a data file and then the function iterates
through the all of the elements in the data file and computes the frequency (count and
percentage) of the first number in each entry.
3. Note: Some of the data files have comments that you must filter out.
4. Also note: that blank lines or lines where the number begins or is 0 must also be filtered out.
5. Your output must be formatted as follows.
Solution
Hi Firend, Please find my code.
Please let me know in case of any issue.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CountFrequency {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// taking input file name
System.out.print(\"Enter input file name: \");
String fileName = sc.next();
// opening input file
Scanner inputFile = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
// declaring array to store count of first digit of each entery
int[] frequency = new int[10];
int totalCount = 0; // to maintain total count
int num;
// reading all lines
while(inputFile.hasNextLine()){
// reading current line
String line = inputFile.nextLine();
// if line is not empty
if(line == null || line.isEmpty() || line.trim() == \"\")
continue;
// taking first character of current line
char firstDigit = line.charAt(0);
// if first character is digit and not equal to 0
if(Character.isDigit(firstDigit) && firstDigit != \'0\'){
// converting first character of current line in integer
int d = firstDigit - \'0\';
frequency[d]++;
totalCount++;
}
}
System.out.println(\"Digit\\tCount\\tFrequency\");
for(int i=1; i<=9; i++){
System.out.println(i+\"\\t\"+frequency[i]+\"\\t\"+
((double)frequency[i]/(double)totalCount*100));
}
}
}
/*
Sample run:
##### Entry of input.txt:
453 43
//543
123
0
4ee
875
52
// Output
Enter input file name: input.txt
Digit Count Frequency
1 1 20.0
2 0 0.0
3 0 0.0
4 2 40.0
5 1 20.0
6 0 0.0
7 0 0.0
8 1 20.0
9 0 0.0
*/.
Functions in python
This document provides an overview of functions and file handling in Python. It discusses defining user-defined functions with the def keyword, including passing arguments, default arguments, keyword arguments, and variable number of arguments. It also covers recursion, anonymous functions, and attributes of file objects. For file handling, it explains opening, reading, writing, and appending files, as well as the different file modes.
Java session08
This document provides an overview of key concepts to be covered in a Java programming language session, including:
1. Writing programs that use command-line arguments, system properties, and standard input/output.
2. Creating, reading and writing files.
3. Understanding the basic collections hierarchy and writing programs using sets, lists, and generic collections.
4. Iterating over collections.
Write a program CountWords in Java that reads text from a file and b.pdf
Write a program CountWords in Java that reads text from a file and breaks it up into individual
words. Insert the words into a tree set. At the end of the input file, print all words, followed by
the size of the resulting set. This program determines how many unique words a text file has. If
the file is not found, give the user a chance to select another file.
Solution
Code:
package chegg;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLDocument.Iterator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
BufferedReader br = null;
String sCurrentLine;
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"C:/Users/ansharm5/Desktop/chegg\"));
while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(sCurrentLine);
while(st.hasMoreTokens())
{
ts.add(st.nextToken());
}
}
System.out.println(\"Total no. of words: \"+ ts.size());
java.util.Iterator iterator = ts.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
System.out.println(iterator.next() + \" \");
}
}
}.
C Programming Unit-5
File handling in C allows programs to perform operations on files stored on the local file system such as creation, opening, reading, writing and deletion of files. Common file handling functions include fopen() to open a file, fprintf() and fscanf() to write and read from files, fputc() and fgetc() to write and read single characters, and fclose() to close files. Binary files store data directly from memory to disk and allow for random access of records using functions like fseek(), ftell() and rewind(). Command line arguments can be accessed in the main() function through the argc and argv[] parameters.
JAVA
This document discusses file handling in Java. It covers:
1) Reading and writing data from files and the console using streams, files, and the path interface. This allows input/output operations in Java.
2) Streams can be byte streams for binary data or character streams for text. Common classes for each are described.
3) Examples are provided for reading/writing files, copying/moving/deleting files, and appending to files using PrintWriter.
Unit 5 dwqb ans
Unit 5 discusses file handling in C programming. It defines a file as a collection of bytes stored on disk where related data is stored. There are two main types of file accessing: sequential and random. Sequential files are processed line-by-line while random accessing allows accessing any point in the file. Common file handling functions in C include fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell() among others. Files are needed to permanently store data for programs to access even after terminating. Reading from files uses functions like fscanf() while writing uses fprintf(). The key aspects of files, records and fields are also discussed along with examples of reading and writing to files in C.
file_handling_in_c.ppt
This document discusses file handling in C programming. It begins by explaining why files are useful for storing data permanently and how programs can read from and write to files. It then covers the basic file operations in C like opening, reading from, writing to, and closing files. Different file modes for opening files are described. Functions for reading and writing single characters and formatted data to files like fopen, fclose, getc, putc, fscanf, fprintf are explained with examples. The document also discusses lower level functions for reading and writing blocks of data like fread and fwrite along with an example. It concludes with exercises asking the reader to write programs that read and write data to files.
Advance C Programming UNIT 4-FILE HANDLING IN C.pdf
Useful for FYBSC (CS) students..
Contents useful to do operations on files.
******************************
Explain the relevance of the rules against hearsay to digital eviden.pdf
Explain the relevance of the rules against hearsay to digital evidence. Why is digital evidence
considered hearsay and what can be done to limit that characterization?
Solution
Hearsay Rule provides the closest thing to it, stating that hearsay is a statement, other than one
made by a declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, afforded in evidence to prove the
truth of the matter asserted .
As such, the rule’s purpose is aimed at prohibiting the use of a person’s assertion, as equivalent
to testimony to the fact asserted, unless the assertor is brought to testify in court where he may be
placed under oath and cross-examined.
Basically then, hearsay consists of reported statements that can’t be verified because it is nothing
more than an assertion. In order to shift assertion to fact, reliable evidence and testimony needs
to be brought to bear on the assertion. The only way that the reliability of such information can
be established is for the person who made the original statement (in speech or writing) to testify
under oath in court as to the nature of the statement, the context in which it was made, and the
meaning of the statement to him- or herself. Otherwise the statement is mere assertion with no
provable truth-value and cannot stand as evidence in court.
The term “hearsay” typically elicits the idea of speech in lay thought, but the Hearsay Rule
specifically refers to “statements,” which can be either written or spoken. This focus on
“statement” applies to electronic evidence in two ways: 1) emails, text messages, and computer
generated reports are text based; 2) digital video and audio recordings capture spoken utterance
or other nonverbal conduct “expressly intended to be an assertion” that can be considered
statements. Thus, just as with paper documents, in order to determine whether the content of
electronic documents is hearsay or fact, the author must testify under oath and submit to cross-
examination in order to determine whether the content is fact and can stand as evidence. In this,
we see that as with any other proof of admissibility for electronic evidence, the burden of proof
still stands with witnesses who can make an accounting for the content of the document in court
.This said, there are certain documents–electronic or traditional–that automatically do not count
as hearsay and therefore stand as evidence in court. These include:
computer generated reports
business records
public records (e.g., birth, death, or marriage certificates)
excited utterances–“a statement relateing to a startling event or condition made while the
declarant ws under the stress or excitement caused by the event or condition” (FED. R. EVID.
803 (2) as cited in Lorraine v. Markel, Pp. 70).
family records
statements of “then existing state of mind or condition”–“A statement of the declarant’s then
existing state of mind, emotion, sensation, or physical condition, but not including a statement of
memory or belief to prove the fact remembere.
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are alway.pdf
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are always orthogonal to each other ?
True or false
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are always orthogonal to each other ?
True or false
Solution
true
light travels in EXB diretion , which is also prependicular to both too.
More Related Content
Similar to Java Program using RecursionWrite a program that reads in a file .pdf
In JavaWrite a program that reads a file and counts how many line.pdf
In Java:
Write a program that reads a file and counts how many lines it contains
Solution
sentences.txt (Save the file in the D:Drive.then the path of the file pointing to it is
D:\\\\sentences.txt )
sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 4
sentence 5
sentence 6
sentence 7
sentence 8
sentence 9
sentence 10
sentence 11
sentence 12
sentence 13
sentence 14
sentence 15
sentence 16
sentence 17
sentence 18
sentence 19
sentence 20
______________________________________
CountingNoOfLinesInFile.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CountingNoOfLinesInFile {
public static void main(String args[]) {
//Declaring variables
int count_lines=0;
//Assigning the file name to the String variable
String fname = \"D://lines999.txt\";
//Creating the Scanner class reference
Scanner sc=null;
try{
//Opening the file
sc= new Scanner(new File(fname));
//This loops continue to execute until the end of the file
while (sc.hasNext()){
sc.nextLine();
//Counting the number of lines
count_lines++;
}
} catch (IOException e)
{
//Displaying the exception
System.out.println(\"Exception :\"+e);
}
//Displaying the number of lines in the file
System.out.println(\"No of Lines in the File :\"+count_lines);
}
}
______________________________________
Output:
No of Lines in the File :20
________________Thank You.
Understanding java streams
The document discusses Java streams and I/O. It defines streams as abstract representations of input/output devices that are sources or destinations of data. It describes byte and character streams, the core stream classes in java.io, predefined System streams, common stream subclasses, reading/writing files and binary data with byte streams, and reading/writing characters with character streams. It also covers object serialization/deserialization and compressing files with GZIP.
File Handling in Java.pdf
This document discusses file handling in Java. It begins by explaining that a file stores related information together and describes standard input, output, and error streams in Java which represent System.in, System.out, and System.err. It then discusses input and output streams in Java, describing how to create them and common methods. It also covers the Java File class and common file operations like creating, reading from, writing to, and deleting files.
In JavaWrite a program that reads a text file that contains a gra.pdf
In Java:
Write a program that reads a text file that contains a grade (for instance, 87) on each line.
Calculate and print the average of the grades.
Solution
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader; // importing filereader
import java.io.IOException; // importing file io exceptions
public class grade {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BufferedReader br = null;
double count=0;
int noOfgrades=0;
try {
String sLine;
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"sample.txt\")); // reading file using buffer
reader
while ((sLine = br.readLine()) != null) { // rading line by line
noOfgrades=noOfgrades+1; // getting number of grades
int num=Integer.parseInt(sLine); // convert string into integer
count=count+num; // adding each grade to count
}
System.out.println(\"count:\\t\"+count);
System.out.println(\"noOfgrades:\\t\"+noOfgrades);
System.out.println(\"Average of the grades:\\t\"+(count/noOfgrades));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); // catch exception
} finally {
try {
if (br != null)br.close(); // closing buffer
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();// printing exceptions
}
}
}
}
/********** out file******
fileName:sample.txt
file contains \"
23
34
56
7
88
89
52
34
65
\"
*/
/************output*************
count: 448.0
noOfgrades: 9
Average of the grades: 49.77
*/.
Description 1) Create a Lab2 folder for this project2.docx
Description
1) Create a Lab2 folder for this project
2) Use the main driver program (called Writers.java) that I provide below to write files of differing types. You can copy and paste this code, but make sure the spaces variable copies correctly. The copy and paste operation eliminates the spaces between the quotes on some systems.
3) In the writers program, fill in the code for the three classes (Random, Binary, and Text). In each class, you will need a constructor, a write method, and a close method. The constructor opens the file, the write method writes a record, and the close method closes the file.
4) Other than what I just described, don't change the program in any way. The program asks for a file type (random, binary, or text) and the name of the file to create. In a loop it inputs a person's name (string), a person's age (int), and a person's annual salary (double). It writes to a file of the appropriate type. The loop terminates when the user indicates that inputting is complete. The program then asks if another file should be created. If the answer is yes, the whole process starts again. This and all of the java driver programs should be saved in your lab2 folder but not in the cs258 sub-folder.
5) Note: The method signatures for accessing all of the three types of files (binary, random, and text) are on the class web-site. Go to power point slides and click on week two. This will help if you didn't take accurate notes in class.
6) Write a main program to read binary files (BinReader.java). This program only needs to be able to read and display records from a Binary file that was created by the writers program.
7) Write a main program to read random files (RandReader.java). This program only needs to be able to read and display records from a Binary file that was created by the writers program. Make sure that this program reads and displays records in reverse order. DO NOT USE AN ARRAY!!!
8) In your Lab2 folder, create a subfolder within lab2 named cs258. Download Keyboard.java from the class web-site to that folder. Add a new first line of Keyboard.java with the statement, package cs258;. This line will make Keyboard.java part of the cs258 package. The driver program shown below has an import ‘cs258.*;’ statement to access the java files in this package.
9) Modify Keyboard.java. We want to extend this class so it can be extended to allow access to multiple files. The changes follow:
a. Remove all static references. This is necessary so that there will be an input stream variable (in) in each object.
b. Change the private modifier of the in and current_token variables to protected. Change the private modifier to protected in all of the signature lines of the overloaded getNextToken methods.
c. Create a constructor that instantiates the input stream for keyboard input. Remove the instantiation from the original declaration line for the in variable. The constructor doesn't need any parameters.
10)Create a class TextR.
I need help with this Java assignment. Please include comments throu.pdf
I need help with this Java assignment. Please include comments throughout. Thanks
Write a program that will make a copy of a text file, line by line. Read the name of the existing
file and the name of the new file - the copy - from the keyboard. Use the methods of the class
File to test whether the original file exists and can be read. If not, display an error message and
abort the program. Similarly, see whether the name of the new file already exists. If so, display a
warning message and allow the user to either abort the program , overwrite the existing file, or
enter a new name for the file.
Solution
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class Project4
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.print(\"Enter file name: \");
Scanner keybaord = new Scanner(System.in);
String fileName = keyboard.next();
Scanner inputStream = null;
System.out.println(fileName);
File fileObject = new File(\"old.txt\");
String path = \"C:\\\\Library\\\\Documents\\\\NetBeansProjects\\\\Project4\";
File source = new File(path);
try
{
inputStream = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
System.out.println(\"Error opening the file \" + fileName);
System.exit(0);
}
while (inputStream.hasNextLine())
{
String line = inputStream.nextLine();
System.out.println(line);
}
inputStream.close();
boolean fileOK = false;
while (!fileOK)
{
if (!fileObject.exists())
System.out.println(\"No such file\");
else if (!fileObject.canRead())
System.out.println(\"That file is not readable.\");
else
fileOK = true;
if (!fileOK)
{
System.out.println(\"Enter the file name again:\");
fileName = keyboard.next();
fileObject = new File(fileName);
}
}
}
public static void PrintWriter openOutputTextFile
{
(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException
{
PrintWriter toFile = new PrintWriter(fileName);
return toFile;
}
PrintWriter outputStream = null;
try
{
outputStream = openOutputTextFile(\"old.txt\");
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
}
}.
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints .pdf
Write a program in java that asks a user for a file name and prints the number of characters,
words (separated by whitespace), and lines in that file. Then, it replaces each line of the file with
its reverse. For example, if the file contains the following lines (Test1.txt):
This is a test
Hi there
Output on the console:
Number of characters: 22
Number of words: 6
Number of lines: 2
Data written to the file (Test1.txt):
tset a si sihT
ereth iH
Solution
ReadFileCount.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReadFileCount {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Enter file name: \");
String fileName = scan.next();
StringBuffer finalsb = new StringBuffer();
File file = new File(fileName);
if(file.exists()){
int numberOfLines = 0;
int numberOfCharacters = 0;
int numberOfWords = 0;
Scanner scan1 = new Scanner(file);;
while(scan1.hasNextLine()){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String s = scan1.nextLine();
sb.append(s);
numberOfLines++;
numberOfCharacters = numberOfCharacters + s.length();
String words[] = s.split(\" \");
numberOfWords = numberOfWords + words.length;
finalsb.append(sb.reverse());
finalsb.append(\"\ \");
}
System.out.println(\"Number of characters: \"+numberOfCharacters);
System.out.println(\"Number of words: \"+numberOfWords);
System.out.println(\"Number of lines : \"+numberOfLines);
PrintStream ps =new PrintStream(file);
ps.print(finalsb.toString());
ps.flush();
ps.close();
System.out.println(\"Data written to the file \"+fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println(\"File does not exist\");
}
}
}
Output:
Enter file name:
D:\\\\Test1.txt
Number of characters: 0
Number of words: 0
Number of lines : 0
Data written to the file D:\\\\Test1.txt
Test1.txt
tset a si sihT
ereht iH.
Change the code in Writer.java only to get it working. Must contain .pdf
Change the code in Writer.java only to get it working. Must contain methods: logReverse() ,
logMax(), logDuplicates(),
This lab is going to focus on File Output, which you will find is somewhat similar to console
output.
FileMain.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FileMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Scanner scnr = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Please enter the name of the file you would like to read: ");
String fileName = scnr.next();
Reader reader = new Reader();
ArrayList fileContents = reader.getFileContents(fileName);
System.out.println("Please enter a name for your new file: ");
String newFileName = scnr.next();
Writer fileOut = new Writer(newFileName);
fileOut.logReverse(fileContents);
fileOut.logMax(fileContents);
fileOut.logDuplicates(fileContents);
fileOut.closeWriter();
scnr.close();
}
}
Filetester.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class FileTester {
public static boolean testLogReverse(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logReverseTest.txt");
writer.logReverse(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("Reversed file contents: ");
expected.add("58");
expected.add("12");
expected.add("19");
expected.add("42");
expected.add("12");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logReverseTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static boolean testLogMax(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logMaxTest.txt");
writer.logMax(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("The largest number in the file is: 58");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logMaxTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static boolean testLogDuplicates(ArrayList contents) throws IOException {
Writer writer = new Writer("logDuplicatesTest.txt");
writer.logDuplicates(contents);
writer.closeWriter();
ArrayList expected = new ArrayList();
expected.add("Duplicates found: true");
expected.add("End of file.");
Reader testReader = new Reader();
ArrayList result = testReader.getFileContents("logDuplicatesTest.txt");
if(expected.equals(result)) return true;
else return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Reader reader = new Reader();
ArrayList fileContents = reader.getFileContents("nums.txt");
System.out.println("logReverse test passed? " + testLogReverse(fileContents));
System.out.println("logMax test passed? " + testLogMax(fileContents));
System.out.println("logDuplicates test passed? " + testLogDuplicates(fileContents));
}
}
Reader.java
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Sca.
Files & IO in Java
The document discusses files, streams, and different classes in Java for reading and writing files and streams. It explains that files exist on a local file system while streams represent a flow of characters. It also discusses the process of opening, reading from, and closing files, as well as using classes like FileReader, FileWriter, FileInputStream and FileOutputStream for reading/writing characters and bytes. It recommends using BufferedReader and BufferedWriter for more efficient reading of lines and writing of strings.
Use Java to program the following.1. Create public java class name.pdf
Use Java to program the following.
1. Create public java class named Benford.
2. It\'s main function should prompt for the name of a data file and then the function iterates
through the all of the elements in the data file and computes the frequency (count and
percentage) of the first number in each entry.
3. Note: Some of the data files have comments that you must filter out.
4. Also note: that blank lines or lines where the number begins or is 0 must also be filtered out.
5. Your output must be formatted as follows.
Solution
Hi Firend, Please find my code.
Please let me know in case of any issue.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CountFrequency {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
// taking input file name
System.out.print(\"Enter input file name: \");
String fileName = sc.next();
// opening input file
Scanner inputFile = new Scanner(new File(fileName));
// declaring array to store count of first digit of each entery
int[] frequency = new int[10];
int totalCount = 0; // to maintain total count
int num;
// reading all lines
while(inputFile.hasNextLine()){
// reading current line
String line = inputFile.nextLine();
// if line is not empty
if(line == null || line.isEmpty() || line.trim() == \"\")
continue;
// taking first character of current line
char firstDigit = line.charAt(0);
// if first character is digit and not equal to 0
if(Character.isDigit(firstDigit) && firstDigit != \'0\'){
// converting first character of current line in integer
int d = firstDigit - \'0\';
frequency[d]++;
totalCount++;
}
}
System.out.println(\"Digit\\tCount\\tFrequency\");
for(int i=1; i<=9; i++){
System.out.println(i+\"\\t\"+frequency[i]+\"\\t\"+
((double)frequency[i]/(double)totalCount*100));
}
}
}
/*
Sample run:
##### Entry of input.txt:
453 43
//543
123
0
4ee
875
52
// Output
Enter input file name: input.txt
Digit Count Frequency
1 1 20.0
2 0 0.0
3 0 0.0
4 2 40.0
5 1 20.0
6 0 0.0
7 0 0.0
8 1 20.0
9 0 0.0
*/.
Functions in python
This document provides an overview of functions and file handling in Python. It discusses defining user-defined functions with the def keyword, including passing arguments, default arguments, keyword arguments, and variable number of arguments. It also covers recursion, anonymous functions, and attributes of file objects. For file handling, it explains opening, reading, writing, and appending files, as well as the different file modes.
Java session08
This document provides an overview of key concepts to be covered in a Java programming language session, including:
1. Writing programs that use command-line arguments, system properties, and standard input/output.
2. Creating, reading and writing files.
3. Understanding the basic collections hierarchy and writing programs using sets, lists, and generic collections.
4. Iterating over collections.
Write a program CountWords in Java that reads text from a file and b.pdf
Write a program CountWords in Java that reads text from a file and breaks it up into individual
words. Insert the words into a tree set. At the end of the input file, print all words, followed by
the size of the resulting set. This program determines how many unique words a text file has. If
the file is not found, give the user a chance to select another file.
Solution
Code:
package chegg;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import javax.swing.text.html.HTMLDocument.Iterator;
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
BufferedReader br = null;
String sCurrentLine;
TreeSet ts = new TreeSet();
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(\"C:/Users/ansharm5/Desktop/chegg\"));
while ((sCurrentLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(sCurrentLine);
while(st.hasMoreTokens())
{
ts.add(st.nextToken());
}
}
System.out.println(\"Total no. of words: \"+ ts.size());
java.util.Iterator iterator = ts.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
System.out.println(iterator.next() + \" \");
}
}
}.
C Programming Unit-5
File handling in C allows programs to perform operations on files stored on the local file system such as creation, opening, reading, writing and deletion of files. Common file handling functions include fopen() to open a file, fprintf() and fscanf() to write and read from files, fputc() and fgetc() to write and read single characters, and fclose() to close files. Binary files store data directly from memory to disk and allow for random access of records using functions like fseek(), ftell() and rewind(). Command line arguments can be accessed in the main() function through the argc and argv[] parameters.
JAVA
This document discusses file handling in Java. It covers:
1) Reading and writing data from files and the console using streams, files, and the path interface. This allows input/output operations in Java.
2) Streams can be byte streams for binary data or character streams for text. Common classes for each are described.
3) Examples are provided for reading/writing files, copying/moving/deleting files, and appending to files using PrintWriter.
Unit 5 dwqb ans
Unit 5 discusses file handling in C programming. It defines a file as a collection of bytes stored on disk where related data is stored. There are two main types of file accessing: sequential and random. Sequential files are processed line-by-line while random accessing allows accessing any point in the file. Common file handling functions in C include fopen(), fclose(), fread(), fwrite(), fseek(), ftell() among others. Files are needed to permanently store data for programs to access even after terminating. Reading from files uses functions like fscanf() while writing uses fprintf(). The key aspects of files, records and fields are also discussed along with examples of reading and writing to files in C.
file_handling_in_c.ppt
This document discusses file handling in C programming. It begins by explaining why files are useful for storing data permanently and how programs can read from and write to files. It then covers the basic file operations in C like opening, reading from, writing to, and closing files. Different file modes for opening files are described. Functions for reading and writing single characters and formatted data to files like fopen, fclose, getc, putc, fscanf, fprintf are explained with examples. The document also discusses lower level functions for reading and writing blocks of data like fread and fwrite along with an example. It concludes with exercises asking the reader to write programs that read and write data to files.
Advance C Programming UNIT 4-FILE HANDLING IN C.pdf
Useful for FYBSC (CS) students..
Contents useful to do operations on files.
******************************
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More from duttakajal70
Explain the relevance of the rules against hearsay to digital eviden.pdf
Explain the relevance of the rules against hearsay to digital evidence. Why is digital evidence
considered hearsay and what can be done to limit that characterization?
Solution
Hearsay Rule provides the closest thing to it, stating that hearsay is a statement, other than one
made by a declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, afforded in evidence to prove the
truth of the matter asserted .
As such, the rule’s purpose is aimed at prohibiting the use of a person’s assertion, as equivalent
to testimony to the fact asserted, unless the assertor is brought to testify in court where he may be
placed under oath and cross-examined.
Basically then, hearsay consists of reported statements that can’t be verified because it is nothing
more than an assertion. In order to shift assertion to fact, reliable evidence and testimony needs
to be brought to bear on the assertion. The only way that the reliability of such information can
be established is for the person who made the original statement (in speech or writing) to testify
under oath in court as to the nature of the statement, the context in which it was made, and the
meaning of the statement to him- or herself. Otherwise the statement is mere assertion with no
provable truth-value and cannot stand as evidence in court.
The term “hearsay” typically elicits the idea of speech in lay thought, but the Hearsay Rule
specifically refers to “statements,” which can be either written or spoken. This focus on
“statement” applies to electronic evidence in two ways: 1) emails, text messages, and computer
generated reports are text based; 2) digital video and audio recordings capture spoken utterance
or other nonverbal conduct “expressly intended to be an assertion” that can be considered
statements. Thus, just as with paper documents, in order to determine whether the content of
electronic documents is hearsay or fact, the author must testify under oath and submit to cross-
examination in order to determine whether the content is fact and can stand as evidence. In this,
we see that as with any other proof of admissibility for electronic evidence, the burden of proof
still stands with witnesses who can make an accounting for the content of the document in court
.This said, there are certain documents–electronic or traditional–that automatically do not count
as hearsay and therefore stand as evidence in court. These include:
computer generated reports
business records
public records (e.g., birth, death, or marriage certificates)
excited utterances–“a statement relateing to a startling event or condition made while the
declarant ws under the stress or excitement caused by the event or condition” (FED. R. EVID.
803 (2) as cited in Lorraine v. Markel, Pp. 70).
family records
statements of “then existing state of mind or condition”–“A statement of the declarant’s then
existing state of mind, emotion, sensation, or physical condition, but not including a statement of
memory or belief to prove the fact remembere.
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are alway.pdf
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are always orthogonal to each other ?
True or false
Electric and magnetic fields in an electromagnetic wave are always orthogonal to each other ?
True or false
Solution
true
light travels in EXB diretion , which is also prependicular to both too.
C# code pleaseWrite a program that creates a link list object of 1.pdf
C# code please
Write a program that creates a link list object of 10 characters, then creates a second list object
containing a copy of the first list but in reverse order.
Solution
using System;
class LinkedList
{
private char data;
private LinkedList next;
public LinkedList()
{
data = \'c\';
next = null;
}
public LinkedList(char value)
{
data = value;
next = null;
}
public LinkedList Append(char value)
{
LinkedList node = new LinkedList(value);
if(this.next == null)
{
// Easy to handle
node.next = null; // already set in constructor
this.next = node;
}
else
{
// Insert in the middle
LinkedList temp = this.next;
node.next = temp;
this.next = node;
}
return node;
}
public void Display(LinkedList node)
{
if(node == null)
node = this;
System.Console.WriteLine(\"\ \ LinkedList:\ \ \");
while(node != null)
{
System.Console.Write(node.data+\" -> \");
node = node.next;
}
System.Console.Write(\"\ \");
}
public LinkedList Reverse_with_copy(LinkedList head)
{
LinkedList p = head;
LinkedList newhead = null;
while(true)
{
if(p == null)
return newhead;
LinkedList newnode = new LinkedList(p.data);
newnode.next = newhead;
newhead = newnode;
p = p.next;
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
LinkedList head = new LinkedList(\'a\');
LinkedList p = head.Append(\'c\');
p = p.Append(\'e\');
p = p.Append(\'h\');
p = p.Append(\'b\');
p = p.Append(\'d\');
p = p.Append(\'f\');
p = p.Append(\'g\');
head.Display(null);
LinkedList newhead = head.Reverse_with_copy(head);
newhead.Display(null);
}
}
/* sample output
*/.
During our laboratory exercise on cellular the Krebs cycle in.pdf
During our laboratory exercise on cellular the Krebs cycle in which succinate is converted
respiration, we utilized on step in study you were sup to fumarate during the reaction... To
perform this redox with mitochondrial suspension from pulverized lima beans kept in ice to
prevent enzyme degradation Answer questions 20-23 based on the above experiment.
Solution
20: Sucrose serves as source of glucose which in turn enters the glycolysis. Glycolysis is the first
step in cellular respiration that forms two molecules of puruvate which in turn enter the Kreb
cycle in form of acetyl CoA.
21: The electron acceptor was FADH2 and was selected as it skips the complex I and enters the
ETS directly from complex II making the experiment easier.
22: The electron acceptor FADH2 is the independent variable.
23: Number of ATPs formed by oxidative phosphorylation of FADH2..
25. On January 3, Pippin Corporation purchased 1,900 shares of the c.pdf
25. On January 3, Pippin Corporation purchased 1,900 shares of the company\'s $7 par value
common stock as treasury stock, paying cash of $8 per share. On January 30, Pippin sold 1,300
shares of the treasury stock for cash of $15 per share. Journalize these transactions.
Solution
3-Jan Treasury Stock 15200 =1900*8 Cash 15200 30-Jan Cash 19500
=1300*15 Treasury Stock 10400 =1300*8 Paid-In Capital from Treasury Stock 9100.
Define filtration and active transport.SolutionFiltration is t.pdf
Define filtration and active transport.
Solution
Filtration is the movement of water and solute molecules down the concentration gradient, e.g. in
the kidneys
Active Transport uses ATP to pump molecules AGAINST/UP the concentration gradient.
Transport occurs from a low concentration of solute to high concentration of solute. Requires
cellular energy. e.g. Endocytosis, cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosis.
Why wouldnt you want to post a payment against an invoice directly.pdf
Why is it easier to have degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons that inorganic compounds like
uranium or lead after an accident spill?
A) Microorganisms have naturally evolved mechanisms to reduce the hydrocarbons
B) Petroleum is an organic compound, so all microorganisms have methods to oxidize it
C) Microorganinsms have been engineered in the lab to oxidixe the hydrocarbons
D) Microorganisms have naturally evolved mechanisms oxidize these hydrocarbons
Solution
D) Microorganisms have naturally evolved mechanisms oxidize these hydrocarbons
Since petrol and petroleum producta are organic, several microorganisms have a natural
mechanisms to oxidize them into simple compounds..
Cisco routers and switches use two configuration files. Where is the.pdf
Cisco routers and switches use two configuration files. Where is the configuration file used at
device bootup stored?
A. RAM
B. ROM
C. Flash
D. NVRAM
Solution
D is correct. The startup configuration is used during the device bootup process and is stored in
NVRAM—a nonvolatile storage location retaining all information after power off.
A, B, and C are incorrect. A is incorrect because RAM is volatile and is used to store the running
configuration. B is incorrect because ROM holds a bootstrap program and the ROMMON basic
operating system. C is incorrect because flash memory holds a copy of the IOS..
Which of the following is a simple compressible system A mixtur.pdf
Which of the following dysfunctions in the Na+/K+ ATPase will have the most dramatic effect
on the establishment of a concentration gradient?
A) A reduction of the rate of ATP hydrolysis
B) An increase in the K+ binding affinity in the phosphate bound form
B) A decrease in the Na+ binding affinity to the phosphate bound form
Solution
All the dysfunctions mentioned below have the effect on the concentration gradient. But mainly
it is caused due to the redutcion in rate of ATP hydrolysis. Because after binding of the Sodium
ions, the ATP has to undergo hydrolysis into ADP .The Sodium ions loose affinity and are
released and increased affinity of K+ ions for ADP increases dephosphraltion and movement of
K+ ions into cell.
-So intially the soidum ions should have greater affinity to ATP
- ATP hydolysis should occur
- Na+ ions should loose affinity to ADP
- K+ ions should have greater affinity to ADP
- ATP formed should be able to release K+ ions inside and revert back and atract Na+ ions..
Which of the following statements is (are) trueI Walls Street i.pdf
Which of the following is the most common defined benefit plan funding formula for large
companies?
a. Flat amount formula.
b. Flat percentage formula.
c. Unit credit formula.
d. Excludable amount formula.
Solution
A. Flat percentage formula as the payment is dependent on salary years of service of employees
This will be help for big companies and most common funding formula.
What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of .pdf
what regulations have been specifically implemented to monitor managerial accountants.
Solution
The purpose of management accounting is to support decision making by collecting, processing,
and communicating information that helps management plan, control, and evaluate business
processes and company strategy. According to business schools, the role of management
accountant is to perform a series of tasks to ensure financial security of the company as well as
help to drive overall business and management strategy.
Traditionally the task of management accountant focused on the task of recording and reporting
the management account information. With the change in technology, business environment,
new production methods, global competition the role of management accountant has been
shifted. Companies need to plan their operating activities within a particular budget. The role of
management accountant now includes formulating strategic business plans and ensures corporate
governance process. Management accountants are required to ensure adequate internal control
system exists and also to [provide risk management. Technological advancement allows
management accountant to track performance that is beyond historical cost based information. E-
commerce has brought dramatic changes and role includes dealing with various ethical
dilemmas.
There are no specific regulations have been implemented to monitor managerial accountants
however it the duty of managerial accountant to follow these rules and regulations
1 Establish and maintain financial policies and management information system
2 Provide high quality support
3 Prepare periodic financial statements
4 Formulating business strategies
5 Analyzing the financial implications of business decision
6 Liaising with other business managers and providing suggestions wherever required
7 Implementing corporate governance procedures, risk management and internal control.
8 Negotiating on major projects and loans
9 Interpreting and communicating financial data to other departments
10 They help in analyzing financial performance and adapt to changing circumstances.
What is a micelle What is a vesicle How are these structures the s.pdf
What do you think is the most important function of the nervous system and why?
Please type the answer in about a paragraph long. No copying has to be in own words.
Solution
In a case of human, we have both nervous and endocrine system; which work in co-ordinated
way that\'s why our control system is called as the neuro-endocrine system. As we are having the
nervous system, it controls all the activities which may be voluntary action or involuntary action.
That\'s why our nervous system is divided into two parts i.e. CNS and PNS.
CNS (central nervous system) which controls by cranial nerves (12 pairs) and the PNS
(peripheral nervous system) controls by spinal nerves (31 pairs). The nervous system controls all
the activities whatever happening in our body that may be voluntarily or involuntarily. But when
it comes to the most important function of the nervous system that must be the involuntary
actions, like if we talk about a patient who is in a COMA, his/her voluntary functions are not
working but he/she is still breathing, respiring and excreting. So these all activity comes under
involuntary actions which are controlled by Medulla oblangata. If we talk about voluntary
actions, these are not working still that patient in living, but when any kind of accident occurs in
medulla region a person dies due to breakage of the brain stem.
So, as a conclusion, a person without nervous system can\'t live..
To determine her breathing rate, Miranda divides up her day into thre.pdf
This table shows the number of defects, tailed by day of the week, in a manufacturing proce This
table shows the number of defects, tailed by day of the week, in a manufacturing process:
Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday|
Number| 36 | 23 | 26 | 25 | 40 |
The manufacturer is concerned that the number of defects is greater on Monday and Friday.
Test, at the 0.05 level of significance, the claim that the proportion of defects is the same each
day of the week. Be sure to include all steps of a hypothesis testing procedure.
Solution
H0: The proportion of defects are the same on all days
Ha:atleast 2 days have different proportions
Two tailed chi square test
Contingency table is prepared as follows with expected equally distributed
df =4
p value =0.1102
As p >0.05 accept null hypothesis
All proportions are
equalMonTuesWedThursFriNumber3623262540150Expected3030303030150Chi
squar1.21.6333330.5333330.8333333.3333337.533333.
On January 29th, 2014, the Royal Caribbean cruise ship Explorer of.pdf
of sales against advertising pendeures. two agendes of two adverting agender it deals with. They
produce following samerplat The Company has been evaluating the performance Samerplot of
Sales Advertising Expenditures sales don\'t depend sales don\'t depend on the advertising agency
the omega Company is bemer Nan Alvha sales are generally higher even with leis expendlare
Solution
The red indicates omega
The black indicates alpha
As can be seen, the reds are consistently above the blacks, which goes to show that for similar
amounts of advertising expenditure(on the x-axis), since the reds are above the blacks, the omega
company(red) generates better sales than the alpha company(black)
This is option 3.
Name and describe the six main types of lymphatic cells, discuss the.pdf
Mr. Smith is considering a vasectomy for birth control. He is worried, though, that he will
experience a decrease in testosterone because of this procedure and become effeminate AND that
he will be able have an ejaculation. Explain exactly what you would say to explain that this
procedure is good birth control AND address his other concerns? Your answer must include
good A&P.;
Solution
Vasectomy is a good method for birth control and here the by administering the local anesthesia,
the area will be made numb and the vas deferens tubes are blocked so that sperm will not be
travelling out of the body.
After vasectomy, the testicles as usual produces sperms, but only their movement alone will be
blocked at the site of the vasectomy, during intercourse, semen will be produced in the same
amount but without sperms. So, no problem with ejaculation. So this procedure will not affect
the man\'s ability to perform sexually. It will not bring any change in his moods or sex drive,
hormone, other male sex characteristics etc.
Without any fear Mr. Smith can for this procedure, it has gained more popularity among men as
a permanent way of contraception..
Let X1, X2, . . . , Xn be n independent continuous random variables,.pdf
Let V = R|. For u, v V| and a R| define vector addition ny u v: = u+v+3| and scalar
multiplication by a u: = au+3|. It can be shown that (V,,)| is a vector space over the scalar field
R|. Find the following: the sum: 3 -8 = | the scalar multiple: -2 3 = | the zero vector: = | the
additive inverse of x|: x = |
Solution
As per the definition of binary operation
3+ (-8) = 3-8+3 = -2
------------------------
-2.3 = -2(3)+3(-2)-3 = -15
--------------------------
u+v = u+v+3 = v if
u = -3
Hence zero vector = -3
------------------------------
Inverse of x will be y such that
y+x = x+y = x+y+3 =-3
Or y = -6-x
Hence inverse of x is -6-x.
In major league baseball, there are 5 teams in the Eastern division .pdf
In major league baseball, there are 5 teams in the Eastern division of the national league: Atlanta,
Florida, New York, Philadelphia, and Washington. How many different orders of finish are
possible for the first 4 positions?
Solution
There are 5P4 = 5!/(5-4)! = 120 ways of finish are possible for the first 4 positions. [ANSWER,
120].
Im off by a minus sign, can you find my error In a previous probl.pdf
I\'m off by a minus sign, can you find my error? In a previous problem set you used the
conversation of energy, angular momentum, and rest mass to argue that the 4-velocity u^n of a
massive particle on a geodetic in the equatorial plane in the sehwazclhid metric satisfies. Where
B = 1- 2M/r. integral for orbital angle pie. Letting x = 1/r, shoe that pie = integral Ldx/[(E^2-
1)+2Mx-L^2x^2+2ML^2x^3]^1/2.
Solution
you are right the answer is same
the only option to get rid of this minus is change the integral from 0 to 1, to 1 to 0.
If the characteristic followed in the pedigree is X-linked recessiv.pdf
If the characteristic followed in the pedigree is X-linked recessive allele, what is II-I\'s
genotype? a. Hemizygous for a dominant allele Hemizygous for a recessive allele Definitely
heterozygous
Solution
34.
Answer:
C. Definitely heterozygous
two copies of a disease allele on the X chromosome are required for an individual with two X
chromosomes (a female) to be affected with an X-linked recessive disease.
Affected males transmit the disease allele to all of their daughters, who are then carriers, but to
none of their sons..
create a Tic Tac Toe game using JSP Scripting elements and a JSP pag.pdf
create a Tic Tac Toe game using JSP Scripting elements and a JSP page.
Solution
//basically you need three files for this
//index.jsp
//play.jsp
//TicTacToe.java ..... i have put the contents and
//commented between program lines wherever neceasary..thankyou .....
//contents of index.jsp file
< %@ page import = \"javax.servlet.*\" %>
<%@ page import = \"javax.servlet.http.*\" %>
<%@ page import = \"tictactoe.TicTacToe\" %>
<%
HttpSession sess = request.getSession(true);
session.setAttribute(\"board\", new TicTacToe());
%>
Who shall go first?
I\'ll go first!
The computer can go.
--------------
//contents of play.jsp file
---------:------::========
<%@ page import = \"javax.servlet.*\" %>
<%@ page import = \"javax.servlet.http.*\" %>
<%@ page import = \"tictactoe.TicTacToe\" %>
<%
HttpSession sess = request.getSession(true);
TicTacToe board = (TicTacToe)session.getAttribute(\"board\");
String first = request.getParameterValues(\"first\")[0];
String[] moves = request.getParameterValues(\"move\");
if (moves != null)
{
String move = moves[0];
boolean moveResult = false;
try {
int actualMove = new Integer(move);
if (actualMove >= 1 && actualMove <= 9) {
moveResult = board.move(actualMove);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
out.println(\"well that didn\'t work.\");
}
if (!moveResult) {
out.println(\"not quite. give it another go!\");
}
if (moveResult)
out.println(\"<br>\");
} else {
out.println(\"<br>\");
}
if (first.equals(\"computer\")) {
if (board.getTurn(true) == \'X\') {
board.move(board.evaluateBestMove());
}
}
else {
if (board.getTurn(true) == \'O\') {
board.move(board.evaluateBestMove());
}
}
%>
<%
out.println(board);
%>
<%
if (board.isGameOver()) {
out.println(\"The winner is: \");
if (board.getWinner() == \' \') {
out.println(\"a tie!\");
} else {
out.println(board.getWinner());
}
} else {
%>
Enter a move:
1|2|3
-----
4|5|6
-----
7|8|9
<%
}
%>
new game
-----:::::::::---------
//contents of TicTacToe.java file
package tictactoe;
public class TicTacToe {
// 3x3 array of tic tac toe board
//
// 1|2|3
// -----
// 4|5|6
// -----
// 7|8|9
//
private char board[][];
// the current board \"orientation\", used to detect isomorphic boards
private int boardPosition;
// which turn are we on?
private int turn;
// Has the game ended?
private boolean gameOver = false;
// Turn on which we found a winner.
private int hasWinner = 0;
public boolean isGameOver() {
return gameOver;
}
public TicTacToe() {
// initialize empty board, empty spaces having \' \' character.
board = new char[3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
board[i][j] = \' \';
}
}
// At the \"0th\", or non-rotated board position
boardPosition = 0;
// First person\'s turn!
turn = 0;
}
/**
* Places a piece on the board at the specificed position.
* Either an X or an O is played, depending on whose turn it is.
* X always goes first.
*
* @param p Place where we want to make our move; integer [1..9]
* @return true if move was successful, false if not (eg, tried to move to
* a spo.
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