This document is an introduction to Java fundamentals aimed at 9th and 10th-grade students, focusing on character sets and data types. It explains the concept of character sets, which include letters, digits, and special symbols, and discusses ASCII and Unicode character encoding, noting their memory requirements and character limits. Additionally, it highlights how characters from various languages are incorporated using Unicode to expand beyond the basic ASCII character set.

1. WELCOME
TO
TENDERFOOT EDUTECH
TUTORIALS

2. JAVA Series For
Class 9th & 10th
I am
Aakriti Bhardwaj

3. JAVA
FUNDAMENTALS

4. JAVA FUNDAMENTALS
JAVA
Fundamentals
Character Set Tokens
Data
Types
Fundamentals represent the basics of a language
with the help of which we can write a basic computer
program.

5. WHAT IS A CHARACTER SET?
A character set is the set of valid characters that a language
can recognize. It can be a letter, a digit , a symbol or some
control characters such as backspace, tab or newline.
• A-Z(uppercase)
• a-z(lowercase)
• Alphabets from other universal languages
Alphabets
• 0-9Digits
• _ $ etc.
Special
Symbols
• n- for new line
• t for tab spaces
• b for backspace etc.
Escape
Sequences

6. ASCII & UNICODE CHARCTER SETS
 We know computer understands only binary codes
i.e. codes of 0’s and 1’s.
 So numbers like 65,32,46 etc. can be converted to
binary code. e.g.
 65 10(100001)2

7. ASCII AND UNICODE CHARCTER SETS
 You might be thinking how can we convert letters like
ABCDEF…. into binary code.
 Every single key on the keyboard has number associated
to it
 If we press `A` then its decimal ASCII code is 65.Now we
can convert decimal to binary to make it computer
readable and understandable.
 65 10(100001)2
 ASCII supports 128 characters
ranging from 0-127
 ASCII takes 1 byte of memory
space

8. ASCII AND UNICODE CHARCTER SETS
ASCII CODES

9. ASCII AND UNICODE CHARCTER SETS
 ASCII Codes can represent 128 characters (alphabets(a-
z, A-Z), digits(0-9), symbols, escape sequences)
 But we know that java supports alphabets and symbols
from other languages too like Greek , Arabic, Armenian
etc.
 To support characters from all the languages UNICODE
Character set is used.
 Unicode can support up to 256 character codes ranging
from 0-255.
 First 0-127 character codes are same as that of ASCII
codes.
 UNICODE takes 2 bytes of memory space.

10. ASCII AND UNICODE CHARCTER SETS
UNICODES
Unicode can support up
to 256 character codes
ranging from
0-255.
First 0-127 character
codes are same as that
of ASCII codes.

11. THANKS
FOR WATCHING