This document discusses multithreading in Java. It defines multithreading as having multiple points of execution within the same memory space that can share access to resources. The key benefits of multithreading are that applications can perform multiple tasks simultaneously and remain responsive even when long tasks are being performed. The document outlines how threads are implemented in Java using the Thread class and Runnable interface, and discusses concepts like thread states, priorities, and concurrency issues that must be addressed.
This document provides an overview of multithreading in Java. It describes how multithreading allows an application to perform multiple tasks simultaneously through the use of threads. It explains that threads allow applications to remain responsive even when long tasks are being performed. The document outlines how threads work in Java, including how to create threads using the Thread and Runnable classes, the different states threads can be in, and common concurrency issues that can arise with multithreading like race conditions.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by explaining that multithreading allows multiple tasks to be performed concurrently by having each task executed in a separate thread. It then covers key topics like how threads are implemented in Java using the Thread class and Runnable interface, how to create and manage threads, common thread states, ensuring thread safety through synchronization, and techniques to improve synchronization performance.
This document discusses Java multithreading. It explains that multithreading allows an application to have multiple points of execution within the same memory space. It outlines how Java supports multithreading through the Thread class and Runnable interface. It also describes concurrency issues that can arise from multithreading, such as race conditions, and how to address them using techniques like synchronized access and locking.
Multithreading allows an application to have multiple points of execution operating concurrently within the same memory space. Each point of execution is called a thread. Threads can run tasks concurrently, improving responsiveness. They share memory and can access resources simultaneously. Synchronization is needed when threads access shared data to prevent inconsistencies.
This document discusses threads and multithreading. It defines a thread as the smallest sequence of instructions that can be managed independently, and notes that multithreading allows a program to manage multiple tasks concurrently. Benefits of multithreading include improved responsiveness, faster execution on multi-core CPUs, lower resource usage, better system utilization, simplified communication between threads, and enabling parallelization. Challenges with multithreading include synchronization between threads accessing shared data and resources, and the risk that a misbehaving thread can crash the entire process. The document provides examples of creating threads in Java using the Runnable interface and by extending the Thread class.
Correct and efficient synchronization of java threadoutofmemoryerror
This document discusses synchronization issues in multithreaded Java programs. It begins by establishing the audience and goals, which are to discuss subtleties of the Java memory model that surprised experts and provide guidelines for writing correct and efficient synchronized code. It then covers key topics like atomicity, visibility and ordering constraints imposed by synchronization. It provides examples of problems like the double-check idiom and non-volatile flags. It also examines performance costs of synchronization and alternatives like isolation in Swing. Guidelines emphasize only synchronizing shared data, avoiding lock contention, and using immutable/volatile fields when possible.
The document discusses various concepts related to multithreading in Java including thread-safe collections, executors, and synchronizers. It provides details on blocking queues, concurrent hash maps, executors that allow submitting tasks to thread pools, and synchronizers like cyclic barriers, countdown latches, and semaphores that help manage groups of threads. It also discusses how to update Swing components safely from multiple threads using EventQueue methods like invokeLater().
This document provides an overview of multithreading in Java. It describes how multithreading allows an application to perform multiple tasks simultaneously through the use of threads. It explains that threads allow applications to remain responsive even when long tasks are being performed. The document outlines how threads work in Java, including how to create threads using the Thread and Runnable classes, the different states threads can be in, and common concurrency issues that can arise with multithreading like race conditions.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by explaining that multithreading allows multiple tasks to be performed concurrently by having each task executed in a separate thread. It then covers key topics like how threads are implemented in Java using the Thread class and Runnable interface, how to create and manage threads, common thread states, ensuring thread safety through synchronization, and techniques to improve synchronization performance.
This document discusses Java multithreading. It explains that multithreading allows an application to have multiple points of execution within the same memory space. It outlines how Java supports multithreading through the Thread class and Runnable interface. It also describes concurrency issues that can arise from multithreading, such as race conditions, and how to address them using techniques like synchronized access and locking.
Multithreading allows an application to have multiple points of execution operating concurrently within the same memory space. Each point of execution is called a thread. Threads can run tasks concurrently, improving responsiveness. They share memory and can access resources simultaneously. Synchronization is needed when threads access shared data to prevent inconsistencies.
This document discusses threads and multithreading. It defines a thread as the smallest sequence of instructions that can be managed independently, and notes that multithreading allows a program to manage multiple tasks concurrently. Benefits of multithreading include improved responsiveness, faster execution on multi-core CPUs, lower resource usage, better system utilization, simplified communication between threads, and enabling parallelization. Challenges with multithreading include synchronization between threads accessing shared data and resources, and the risk that a misbehaving thread can crash the entire process. The document provides examples of creating threads in Java using the Runnable interface and by extending the Thread class.
Correct and efficient synchronization of java threadoutofmemoryerror
This document discusses synchronization issues in multithreaded Java programs. It begins by establishing the audience and goals, which are to discuss subtleties of the Java memory model that surprised experts and provide guidelines for writing correct and efficient synchronized code. It then covers key topics like atomicity, visibility and ordering constraints imposed by synchronization. It provides examples of problems like the double-check idiom and non-volatile flags. It also examines performance costs of synchronization and alternatives like isolation in Swing. Guidelines emphasize only synchronizing shared data, avoiding lock contention, and using immutable/volatile fields when possible.
The document discusses various concepts related to multithreading in Java including thread-safe collections, executors, and synchronizers. It provides details on blocking queues, concurrent hash maps, executors that allow submitting tasks to thread pools, and synchronizers like cyclic barriers, countdown latches, and semaphores that help manage groups of threads. It also discusses how to update Swing components safely from multiple threads using EventQueue methods like invokeLater().
Multithreading is the ability of a program or an
operating system process to manage its use by
more than one user at a time and to even manage
multiple requests by the same user without
having to have multiple copies of the
programming running in the computer.
This document provides an overview of multithreading in 3 sentences or less:
Multithreading allows a program to split into multiple threads that can run simultaneously, improving responsiveness, utilizing multiprocessors efficiently, and structuring programs more effectively. Threads transition between different states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead over their lifetime. Common threading techniques include setting thread priority, enabling communication between threads, and avoiding deadlocks when multiple threads depend on each other's locks.
Multithreading allows a program to execute multiple tasks concurrently by using threads. There are two types of threads: single threads where a program uses one thread, and multiple threads where a program uses more than one thread concurrently. The life cycle of a thread involves different states such as newborn, runnable, running, blocked, and dead. Common thread methods include start(), run(), yield(), sleep(), wait(), notify(), and stop().
Java Performance, Threading and Concurrent Data StructuresHitendra Kumar
The document discusses Java performance and threading. It provides an overview of performance concepts, the performance process, and measurement techniques like benchmarking and profiling. It also covers key threading concepts like thread states, synchronization, and how to share data across threads using synchronized methods, objects, and wait/notify.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by defining a process as a program in execution that may contain multiple concurrently executing threads. It then defines a thread as the smallest unit of processing that can run independently within a process. The document goes on to compare threads and processes, discuss how to create multithreads in Java by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, provide examples of multithreading code, and list advantages of multithreading like enabling multiple concurrent tasks and improved performance.
Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. The thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking.
This document provides an overview of concurrency and parallelism in the Java runtime environment. It discusses the Java thread model and decisions for its design. It also covers implementing multithreading by creating and managing threads, remote method execution using Java RMI, concurrency utilities in java.util.concurrent, thread safety and shared data access, and GUI applications in Java. The document lists several references for further reading on Java concurrency topics.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a flow of execution with a beginning, execution sequence, and end. Multithreading allows multiple threads to run simultaneously within a single program. It describes how to create threads by extending the Thread class or implementing Runnable. The document also discusses thread states, priorities, synchronization, and race conditions that can occur when multiple threads access shared data.
This document discusses .NET multi-threading concepts including blocking, locking, signaling, and non-blocking techniques. It provides code examples for managing threads using techniques like Join, lock, Mutex, and EventWaitHandle. It also covers thread pools, common problems like race conditions and deadlocks, and proven practices for safe multi-threaded programming.
This document discusses multithreading in C#. It introduces threads and multithreading, describing how operating systems allow multitasking and how threads work. It explains that the .NET Framework supports multithreading using the System.Threading namespace and Thread class. It describes properties and methods of the Thread class, potential problems like deadlocks that can occur with multithreading, and solutions like synchronization and locking to prevent issues.
This document introduces multi-threading in Java. It discusses that threads allow a program to have multiple paths of execution. Threads can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The key method for threads is run, which contains the logic to be executed. The document covers starting threads, potential problems with threads accessing shared resources, and techniques for thread synchronization like synchronized methods, waits and notifies.
This session discusses about the basic building blocks of Concurrent Programming in Java, which include:
synchronisation part 2, synchronized methods, intrinsic locks, atomic access, liveness, deadlock, starvation, livelock, guarded blocks, immutable objects, synchronized class example, strategy for defining immutable objects
Threads allow multiple tasks to run concurrently by sharing memory and resources within a process. Context switching between threads is typically faster than between processes. Threads can be created and started in different ways and use synchronization techniques like locks, monitors, mutexes, semaphores, and wait handles to coordinate access to resources. The thread pool optimizes thread usage by maintaining pooled threads that can be assigned tasks to run asynchronously. Exceptions on worker threads must be handled manually.
This document provides an overview of multithreading concepts including when to use threads, threading primitives like mutexes and semaphores, common issues like race conditions and deadlocks, and alternatives to using threads. Key topics covered include GUI responsiveness, utilizing all processors, network connectivity, atomic functions, mutual exclusion, events and conditions, and memory barriers.
This document provides an overview of threads in Java, including:
- Threads allow for multitasking by executing multiple processes simultaneously. They are lightweight processes that exist within a process and share system resources.
- Threads can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method defines the code executed by the thread.
- Threads transition between states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead during their lifecycle. Methods like start(), sleep(), join(), etc. impact the thread states.
- Synchronization is used to control access to shared resources when multiple threads access methods and data outside their run() methods. This prevents issues like inconsistent data.
This document provides an overview of Java threading concepts including the base threading topics of thread creation methods, life cycle, priorities, and synchronization. It also covers more advanced topics such as volatile variables, race conditions, deadlocks, starvation/livelock, inter-thread communication using wait/notify, thread pools, and remote method invocation. The document includes examples and explanations of key threading mechanisms in Java like semaphores and message passing.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of control that runs within the address space of a process. It notes that threads allow programs to accomplish multiple simultaneous tasks. The document then covers thread states, priorities, synchronization, and provides examples of a producer-consumer problem implemented with and without synchronization.
Multithreading allows multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously by executing independent threads. There are two methods for creating threads in C#: using the Thread class or the thread pool. Threads have a lifecycle that includes creation, execution, and termination. Synchronization is used to coordinate thread access to shared resources using locks, and threads can communicate through wait/pulse methods that pause execution until notified of state changes. Potential issues like deadlocks can occur if threads indefinitely wait for each other.
Scatter-gather in Mule sends a request message concurrently to multiple targets. It then collects the responses from all routes and aggregates them into a single message. To implement scatter-gather, a flow references two sub-flows that run concurrently. The payloads from both sub-flows are then merged by the scatter-gather processor. Testing the flow via a URL will log that both sub-flows completed concurrently and the scatter-gather merged their payloads.
Mule is an open-source enterprise service backbone (ESB) that allows users to move data between different endpoints and applications in a flexible way. It uses a universal message object and XML configuration to define message processing pipelines. These pipelines can include operations like validation, transformation, splitting and merging of XML files. Mule also provides routing functionality and handles exceptions that occur during message processing.
The document discusses implementing an enterprise service bus (ESB) using Mule to automate the process of a customer obtaining multiple loan quotes. It describes the key components involved - a Loan Broker service, Credit Agency, Lender service, and multiple Banking services. It then provides details on how to design and implement this application using Mule, including defining the message format, configuring the various endpoints and transports, and how messages flow through the system to retrieve a credit profile, get loan quotes from banks, and return the best quote to the customer.
Multithreading is the ability of a program or an
operating system process to manage its use by
more than one user at a time and to even manage
multiple requests by the same user without
having to have multiple copies of the
programming running in the computer.
This document provides an overview of multithreading in 3 sentences or less:
Multithreading allows a program to split into multiple threads that can run simultaneously, improving responsiveness, utilizing multiprocessors efficiently, and structuring programs more effectively. Threads transition between different states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead over their lifetime. Common threading techniques include setting thread priority, enabling communication between threads, and avoiding deadlocks when multiple threads depend on each other's locks.
Multithreading allows a program to execute multiple tasks concurrently by using threads. There are two types of threads: single threads where a program uses one thread, and multiple threads where a program uses more than one thread concurrently. The life cycle of a thread involves different states such as newborn, runnable, running, blocked, and dead. Common thread methods include start(), run(), yield(), sleep(), wait(), notify(), and stop().
Java Performance, Threading and Concurrent Data StructuresHitendra Kumar
The document discusses Java performance and threading. It provides an overview of performance concepts, the performance process, and measurement techniques like benchmarking and profiling. It also covers key threading concepts like thread states, synchronization, and how to share data across threads using synchronized methods, objects, and wait/notify.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by defining a process as a program in execution that may contain multiple concurrently executing threads. It then defines a thread as the smallest unit of processing that can run independently within a process. The document goes on to compare threads and processes, discuss how to create multithreads in Java by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, provide examples of multithreading code, and list advantages of multithreading like enabling multiple concurrent tasks and improved performance.
Multithreading in java is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. The thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, the smallest unit of processing. Multiprocessing and multithreading, both are used to achieve multitasking.
This document provides an overview of concurrency and parallelism in the Java runtime environment. It discusses the Java thread model and decisions for its design. It also covers implementing multithreading by creating and managing threads, remote method execution using Java RMI, concurrency utilities in java.util.concurrent, thread safety and shared data access, and GUI applications in Java. The document lists several references for further reading on Java concurrency topics.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a flow of execution with a beginning, execution sequence, and end. Multithreading allows multiple threads to run simultaneously within a single program. It describes how to create threads by extending the Thread class or implementing Runnable. The document also discusses thread states, priorities, synchronization, and race conditions that can occur when multiple threads access shared data.
This document discusses .NET multi-threading concepts including blocking, locking, signaling, and non-blocking techniques. It provides code examples for managing threads using techniques like Join, lock, Mutex, and EventWaitHandle. It also covers thread pools, common problems like race conditions and deadlocks, and proven practices for safe multi-threaded programming.
This document discusses multithreading in C#. It introduces threads and multithreading, describing how operating systems allow multitasking and how threads work. It explains that the .NET Framework supports multithreading using the System.Threading namespace and Thread class. It describes properties and methods of the Thread class, potential problems like deadlocks that can occur with multithreading, and solutions like synchronization and locking to prevent issues.
This document introduces multi-threading in Java. It discusses that threads allow a program to have multiple paths of execution. Threads can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The key method for threads is run, which contains the logic to be executed. The document covers starting threads, potential problems with threads accessing shared resources, and techniques for thread synchronization like synchronized methods, waits and notifies.
This session discusses about the basic building blocks of Concurrent Programming in Java, which include:
synchronisation part 2, synchronized methods, intrinsic locks, atomic access, liveness, deadlock, starvation, livelock, guarded blocks, immutable objects, synchronized class example, strategy for defining immutable objects
Threads allow multiple tasks to run concurrently by sharing memory and resources within a process. Context switching between threads is typically faster than between processes. Threads can be created and started in different ways and use synchronization techniques like locks, monitors, mutexes, semaphores, and wait handles to coordinate access to resources. The thread pool optimizes thread usage by maintaining pooled threads that can be assigned tasks to run asynchronously. Exceptions on worker threads must be handled manually.
This document provides an overview of multithreading concepts including when to use threads, threading primitives like mutexes and semaphores, common issues like race conditions and deadlocks, and alternatives to using threads. Key topics covered include GUI responsiveness, utilizing all processors, network connectivity, atomic functions, mutual exclusion, events and conditions, and memory barriers.
This document provides an overview of threads in Java, including:
- Threads allow for multitasking by executing multiple processes simultaneously. They are lightweight processes that exist within a process and share system resources.
- Threads can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method defines the code executed by the thread.
- Threads transition between states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead during their lifecycle. Methods like start(), sleep(), join(), etc. impact the thread states.
- Synchronization is used to control access to shared resources when multiple threads access methods and data outside their run() methods. This prevents issues like inconsistent data.
This document provides an overview of Java threading concepts including the base threading topics of thread creation methods, life cycle, priorities, and synchronization. It also covers more advanced topics such as volatile variables, race conditions, deadlocks, starvation/livelock, inter-thread communication using wait/notify, thread pools, and remote method invocation. The document includes examples and explanations of key threading mechanisms in Java like semaphores and message passing.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of control that runs within the address space of a process. It notes that threads allow programs to accomplish multiple simultaneous tasks. The document then covers thread states, priorities, synchronization, and provides examples of a producer-consumer problem implemented with and without synchronization.
Multithreading allows multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously by executing independent threads. There are two methods for creating threads in C#: using the Thread class or the thread pool. Threads have a lifecycle that includes creation, execution, and termination. Synchronization is used to coordinate thread access to shared resources using locks, and threads can communicate through wait/pulse methods that pause execution until notified of state changes. Potential issues like deadlocks can occur if threads indefinitely wait for each other.
Scatter-gather in Mule sends a request message concurrently to multiple targets. It then collects the responses from all routes and aggregates them into a single message. To implement scatter-gather, a flow references two sub-flows that run concurrently. The payloads from both sub-flows are then merged by the scatter-gather processor. Testing the flow via a URL will log that both sub-flows completed concurrently and the scatter-gather merged their payloads.
Mule is an open-source enterprise service backbone (ESB) that allows users to move data between different endpoints and applications in a flexible way. It uses a universal message object and XML configuration to define message processing pipelines. These pipelines can include operations like validation, transformation, splitting and merging of XML files. Mule also provides routing functionality and handles exceptions that occur during message processing.
The document discusses implementing an enterprise service bus (ESB) using Mule to automate the process of a customer obtaining multiple loan quotes. It describes the key components involved - a Loan Broker service, Credit Agency, Lender service, and multiple Banking services. It then provides details on how to design and implement this application using Mule, including defining the message format, configuring the various endpoints and transports, and how messages flow through the system to retrieve a credit profile, get loan quotes from banks, and return the best quote to the customer.
This document provides an introduction to Java basics including comments, classes, scoping, objects, methods, and arrays. It discusses Java concepts like scoping rules, how arrays are objects, the scope of objects, method parameters and return values, the static keyword, and array operations. It provides examples of a Person class, scoping with blocks, and methods for computing factorials and working with circles. It also covers constructors, extending classes, overloading vs overriding, designing class hierarchies, and data hiding/encapsulation.
This document provides an introduction to Mule ESB, an open-source integration platform. It discusses what Mule ESB is, how it is used, and its core concepts. Key points covered include Mule ESB being an enterprise service backbone, its use of advanced technologies like SEDA and Java NIO, how it moves data between different endpoints and transports, its use of XML pipelines to perform operations on files, and its core concepts like the universal message object and endpoints.
The document discusses MuleSoft and enterprise service buses (ESBs). It provides an overview of MuleSoft topics like basic and advanced concepts, Mule Studio, Mule Cloud Hub, performance, and testing. It also defines what an ESB is and its role in facilitating communication between software applications. Lastly, it suggests ways to speed up ESBs and development, such as optimizing memory usage, leveraging asynchronous flows, and prioritizing integration testing.
Web services allow applications to communicate over the web through open standards like XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. They enable modular application integration and provide advantages like reduced costs and incremental implementation. Key technologies include XML for tagging data, SOAP for messaging, WSDL for describing service capabilities, and UDDI for publishing and discovering services. Real-world examples show how companies use web services to unify communications, provide real-time access to information, and integrate applications between different platforms.
Este documento describe un proyecto para fabricar una lámpara natural utilizando agua y sal. El proyecto tiene como objetivo facilitar el acceso a la iluminación para personas que viven en zonas rurales donde es difícil obtener energía. El diseño de la lámpara incluye el uso de botellas plásticas, agua, sal, una base y cables de conexión.
The document provides an introduction to Mule, an open-source enterprise service backbone. It describes key Mule concepts like staged event-driven architecture (SEDA) and Java NIO, and how Mule uses these concepts to provide a scalable and modular integration platform. It also summarizes core Mule components like endpoints, routers, transformers and how they facilitate message flow and integration. XML examples are provided to demonstrate basic Mule configuration and exception handling.
The document discusses Java's Collections framework. It provides an overview of Collections and their benefits, describes the core Collections interfaces like Collection, Set, List, Queue, Map, SortedSet and SortedMap. It also discusses common operations, implementations, iteration, algorithms and thread safety considerations for Collections.
Este documento describe los pasos para preparar un sándwich. Primero se compran los ingredientes como pan y vegetales. Luego se untan salsas en el pan y se agregan jamón y queso. Se decide si agregar o no vegetales. Finalmente, se cierra el sándwich y se agregan lechuga y tomate antes de cerrarlo completamente.
10 normas o codigos que se pueden establecer en la familia sobre el uso de la...juliocesarlop
El documento presenta 10 normas para regular el uso de la tecnología en las familias, incluyendo restringir el uso para menores de 15 años y establecer límites de tiempo. También discute las ventajas como el desarrollo de conocimientos e interacción social, y desventajas como contenido inapropiado y distracción. El impacto de la tecnología en la sociedad incluye tanto beneficios como consecuencias negativas como niños que crecen de forma diferente.
El documento habla sobre conceptos relacionados con el software como software libre, copyright y copyleft. Explica que el software libre respeta la libertad de los usuarios de copiar, modificar y distribuir el software. También menciona la Ley 1273 de 2009 de Colombia, la cual tiene como objetivos proteger la información de los usuarios, hacer justicia contra el acceso no autorizado a cuentas y sistemas, y evitar delitos informáticos como hurtos a través de medios tecnológicos.
Java allows multithreading which means multiple tasks can run concurrently within a single program. A thread goes through different states in its lifecycle from being born to running to termination. Threads can be created by implementing the Runnable interface and overriding the run method. The run method contains the task being performed by the thread. Synchronization is needed when multiple threads access shared resources to prevent race conditions and ensure only one thread accesses the resource at a time.
Java allows multithreading which means multiple tasks can run concurrently within a single program. Threads go through different life cycle stages from new to runnable to waiting and terminated. Each thread is assigned a priority level but priorities do not guarantee order of execution. New threads can be created by implementing Runnable interface and starting the thread. Synchronization is needed when multiple threads access shared resources to prevent race conditions and ensure only one thread accesses the resource at a time.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It defines threads as lightweight processes that exist within a process and share its resources. The main thread is executed when a Java program begins. Additional threads can be created by implementing the Runnable interface or extending the Thread class. Synchronization is needed when threads access shared resources to prevent interference. Methods can be synchronized to allow only one thread to access them at a time. The wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods allow threads to communicate about locked resources. Deadlocks can occur when threads have a circular dependency on locks. The Java concurrency utilities provide additional tools for multithreaded programming.
This document introduces threads as a fundamental unit of CPU utilization that forms the basis of multithreaded computer systems. It examines issues related to multithreaded programming and compares single and multithreaded processes. Threads within a process share code, data and heap sections but have their own stack segments. Context switching is cheaper between threads of the same process than between processes. Threads allow overlapping computation and I/O to improve performance.
Multithreading allows programs to split into multiple threads to perform tasks concurrently. There are two main ways to create threads: extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Threads transition between different states like New, Runnable, Running, Waiting and Dead. Synchronization is needed to control access to shared resources between threads using locks and synchronized methods/blocks. The thread scheduler determines which threads get CPU time based on their priority and state.
Multithreading allows programs to have multiple threads that can run concurrently. Each thread defines a separate path of execution. Processes are programs that are executing, while threads exist within a process and share its resources. Creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process. There are two main ways to define a thread - by implementing the Runnable interface or by extending the Thread class.
Concurrency Programming in Java - 05 - Processes and Threads, Thread Objects,...Sachintha Gunasena
This session discusses about the basic building blocks of Concurrent Programming in Java, which include:
processes, threads, how to define a thread, how to start a thread, how to sleep a thread, thread interrupt, interrupt status flag, joins, simple thread example, synchronization part 1, thread interference, memory consistency errors
Java assigns each thread a priority that determines how that thread should be treated for the others. Thread priorities are integers that specify the relative importance of one thread to another.
A priority is meaningless as an absolute value; a higher priority thread does not run any faster than a lower-priority thread if it is the only thread running. Instead, a thread’s priority is used to decide when to switch from one running thread to next.
This presentation is about advanced multithreading and concurrency in Java. I have tried my best to explain the concepts with code. Feel free to reach me if you have any questions or concerns.
The document discusses multithreading in Java. It covers the basics of multithreading including main threads, thread life cycles, creating multiple threads, thread priorities, synchronization, and inter-thread communication. It describes the different states a thread can be in like ready, running, blocked, and terminated. It also discusses thread priorities, synchronization techniques using monitors and messaging, and how to implement threads using the Thread class and Runnable interface.
Threads in java, Multitasking and Multithreadingssusere538f7
Threads allow Java programs to take advantage of multiprocessor systems by performing multiple tasks simultaneously. There are two main ways to create threads in Java - by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Threads can be started using the start() method and terminate when their run() method completes. The Java scheduler uses priority to determine which runnable threads get CPU time, with higher priority threads preempting lower priority ones. Threads provide concurrency but not true parallelism since Java threads still run on one CPU.
This document discusses multithreading and generic programming in Java. It covers thread concepts like thread life cycle, creating threads by extending Thread class and implementing Runnable interface. It provides examples of multithreading in applications. Generic programming concepts like generic classes and methods are also briefly introduced. The key outcomes are to develop Java applications using threads and generics.
Thread is the basic unit of CPU utilization in an operating system. A single-threaded process can only perform one task at a time, while a multithreaded process can perform multiple tasks simultaneously using threads. Java uses the Thread class and Runnable interface to create and manage threads. The main thread is created automatically, while additional threads can be instantiated by implementing Runnable or extending Thread. Synchronization is needed when threads share resources to prevent race conditions.
The document discusses multithreading and threading concepts in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of execution within a program. Multithreading allows executing multiple threads simultaneously by sharing the resources of a process. The key benefits of multithreading include proper utilization of resources, decreased maintenance costs, and improved performance of complex applications. Threads have various states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead during their lifecycle. The document also explains different threading methods like start(), run(), sleep(), yield(), join(), wait(), notify() etc and synchronization techniques in multithreading.
The document discusses multithreading concepts in Java, including:
- Multithreading allows multiple tasks in a program to run concurrently by using threads. Threads are lightweight sub-processes that can run tasks independently and in parallel.
- There are two main ways to create threads in Java: by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method specifies the task to be performed by the thread.
- Thread states include new, ready, running, blocked, and terminated. Thread methods like start(), join(), sleep(), yield(), interrupt() control thread execution and synchronization.
This presentation will give a brief idea about threads.
This presentation gives you what is required if you are a starter.
This has the lifecycle, multithreading and differences between multithreadind and normal threading.
This presentation even have example programs.
This document discusses threads in Java programming. It defines threads as the smallest unit of program execution that can be scheduled independently. The key points covered are:
- Threads are represented by the Thread class in Java and allow for multithreaded programming.
- A thread can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.
- The life cycle of a thread includes states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead.
- Synchronization techniques like wait(), notify(), and synchronized blocks are used for inter-thread communication and coordination.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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2. Multithreading
The objectives of this chapter are:
To understand the purpose of multithreading
To describe Java's multithreading mechanism
To explain concurrency issues caused by multithreading
To outline synchronized access to shared resources
3. Multithreading is similar to multi-processing.
A multi-processing Operating System can run several
processes at the same time
Each process has its own address/memory space
The OS's scheduler decides when each process is executed
Only one process is actually executing at any given time. However, the
system appears to be running several programs simultaneously
Separate processes to not have access to each other's
memory space
Many OSes have a shared memory system so that processes can share
memory space
• In a multithreaded application, there are several points of
execution within the same memory space.
• Each point of execution is called a thread
• Threads share access to memory
What is Multithreading?
4. In a single threaded application, one thread of execution must
do everything
If an application has several tasks to perform, those tasks will be
performed when the thread can get to them.
A single task which requires a lot of processing can make the entire
application appear to be "sluggish" or unresponsive.
• In a multithreaded application, each task can be performed by
a separate thread
If one thread is executing a long process, it does not make the entire
application wait for it to finish.
• If a multithreaded application is being executed on a system
that has multiple processors, the OS may execute separate
threads simultaneously on separate processors.
Why use Multithreading?
5. Any kind of application which has distinct tasks which can be
performed independently
Any application with a GUI.
Threads dedicated to the GUI can delegate the processing of user
requests to other threads.
The GUI remains responsive to the user even when the user's requests
are being processed
Any application which requires asynchronous response
Network based applications are ideally suited to multithreading.
Data can arrive from the network at any time.
In a single threaded system, data is queued until the thread can read
the data
In a multithreaded system, a thread can be dedicated to listening for
data on the network port
When data arrives, the thread reads it immediately and processes it
or delegates its processing to another thread
What Kind of Applications Use Multithreading?
6. Each thread is given its own "context"
A thread's context includes virtual registers and its own calling stack
• The "scheduler" decides which thread executes at any given
time
The VM may use its own scheduler
Since many OSes now directly support multithreading, the VM may use
the system's scheduler for scheduling threads
• The scheduler maintains a list of ready threads (the run
queue) and a list of threads waiting for input (the wait queue)
Each thread has a priority. The scheduler typically schedules
between the highest priority threads in the run queue
Note: the programmer cannot make assumptions about how threads are
going to be scheduled. Typically, threads will be executed differently on
different platforms.
How does it all work?
7. Few programming languages directly support threading
Although many have add-on thread support
Add on thread support is often quite cumbersome to use
The Java Virtual machine has its own runtime threads
Used for garbage collection
Threads are represented by a Thread class
A thread object maintains the state of the thread
It provides control methods such as interrupt, start, sleep, yield, wait
When an application executes, the main method is executed
by a single thread.
If the application requires more threads, the application must create
them.
Thread Support in Java
8. Threads can be in one of four states
Created, Running, Blocked, and Dead
A thread's state changes based on:
Control methods such as start, sleep, yield, wait, notify
Termination of the run method
Thread States
Created Runnable Blocked
Dead
start()Thread()
run() method terminates
sleep()
wait()
notify()
9. The thread class has a run() method
run() is executed when the thread's start() method is invoked
The thread terminates if the run method terminates
To prevent a thread from terminating, the run method must not end
run methods often have an endless loop to prevent thread termination
One thread starts another by calling its start method
The sequence of events can be confusing to those more familiar with a
single threaded model.
How does a Thread run?
Thread1
Thread Object
start() Thread2
run()
10. The obvious way to create your own threads is to subclass the
Thread class and then override the run() method
This is the easiest way to do it
It is not the recommended way to do it.
• Because threads are usually associated with a task, the object
which provides the run method is usually a subclass of some
other class
If it inherits from another class, it cannot inherit from Thread.
The solution is provided by an interface called Runnable.
Runnable defines one method - public void run()
One of the Thread classes constructor takes a reference to a
Runnable object
When the thread is started, it invokes the run method in the runnable
object instead of its own run method.
Creating your own Threads
11. In the example below, when the Thread object is instantiated,
it is passed a reference to a "Runnable" object
The Runnable object must implement a method called "run"
• When the thread object receives a start message, it checks to
see if it has a reference to a Runnable object:
• If it does, it runs the "run" method of that object
• If not, it runs its own "run" method
Using Runnable
Thread1
Thread Object
start() Thread2
run()
Runnable Object
run()
12. Runnable Object
Example Code
public class Test implements Runnable
{
private Thread theThread;
public void start()
{
if (theThread == null)
{
theThread = new Thread(this);
theThread.start();
}
}
public void run()
{
// This method runs in its
// own thread
} Thread1
Thread Object
start()
Thread2
run() run()
start()Thread(Runnable)
13. In Java 1.1, the Thread class had a stop() method
One thread could terminate another by invoking its stop() method.
However, using stop() could lead to deadlocks
The stop() method is now deprecated. DO NOT use the stop method to
terminate a thread
• The correct way to stop a thread is to have the run method
terminate
• Add a boolean variable which indicates whether the thread should
continue or not
• Provide a set method for that variable which can be invoked by another
thread
Properly Terminating Threads
14. public class Test implements Runnable
{
private Thread theThread;
private boolean stopThread = false;
public void start()
{
if (theThread == null)
{
theThread = new Thread(this);
theThread.start();
}
}
public void setStopThread(boolean aValue)
{
stopThread = aValue;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
if (stopThread)
break;
// ....
Terminating Thread Example
15. The previous example illustrates a Runnable class which
creates its own thread when the start method is invoked.
If one wished to create multiple threads, one could simple
create multiple instances of the Runnable class and send each
object a start message
Each instance would create its own thread object
Is the a maximum number of threads which can be created?
There is no defined maximum in Java.
If the VM is delegating threads to the OS, then this is platform
dependent.
A good rule of thumb for maximum thread count is to allow 2Mb of ram
for each thread
Although threads share the same memory space, this can be a
reasonable estimate of how many threads your machine can handle.
Creating Multiple Threads
16. Every thread is assigned a priority (between 1 and 10)
The default is 5
The higher the number, the higher the priority
Can be set with setPriority(int aPriority)
• The standard mode of operation is that the scheduler executes
threads with higher priorities first.
This simple scheduling algorithm can cause problems. Specifically, one
high priority thread can become a "CPU hog".
A thread using vast amounts of CPU can share CPU time with other
threads by invoking the yield() method on itself.
Most OSes do not employ a scheduling algorithm as simple as
this one
Most modern OSes have thread aging
The more CPU a thread receives, the lower its priority becomes
The more a thread waits for the CPU, the higher its priority becomes
Because of thread aging, the effect of setting a thread's priority is
dependent on the platform
Thread Priorities
17. Sometimes a thread can determine that it has nothing to do
Sometimes the system can determine this. ie. waiting for I/O
• When a thread has nothing to do, it should not use CPU
This is called a busy-wait.
Threads in busy-wait are busy using up the CPU doing nothing.
Often, threads in busy-wait are continually checking a flag to see if
there is anything to do.
It is worthwhile to run a CPU monitor program on your desktop
You can see that a thread is in busy-wait when the CPU monitor goes up
(usually to 100%), but the application doesn't seem to be doing anything.
• Threads in busy-wait should be moved from the Run queue to
the Wait queue so that they do not hog the CPU
• Use yield() or sleep(time)
• Yield simply tells the scheduler to schedule another thread
• Sleep guarantees that this thread will remain in the wait queue for the
specified number of milliseconds.
Yield() and Sleep()
18. Those familiar with databases will understand that concurrent
access to data can lead to data integrity problems
Specifically, if two sources attempt to update the same data at
the same time, the result of the data can be undefined.
The outcome is determined by how the scheduler schedules
the two sources.
Since the schedulers activities cannot be predicted, the outcome cannot
be predicted
Databases deal with this mechanism through "locking"
If a source is going to update a table or record, it can lock the table or
record until such time that the data has been successfully updated.
While locked, all access is blocked except to the source which holds the
lock.
Java has the equivalent mechanism. It is called synchronization
Java has a keyword called synchronized
Concurrent Access to Data
19. In Java, every object has a lock
To obtain the lock, you must synchronize with the object
The simplest way to use synchronization is by declaring one or
more methods to be synchronized
When a synchronized method is invoked, the calling thread attempts to
obtain the lock on the object.
if it cannot obtain the lock, the thread goes to sleep until the lock
becomes available
Once the lock is obtained, no other thread can obtain the lock until it is
released. ie, the synchronized method terminates
When a thread is within a synchronized method, it knows that no other
synchronized method can be invoked by any other thread
Therefore, it is within synchronized methods that critical data is updated
Synchronization
20. If an object contains data which may be updated from multiple
thread sources, the object should be implemented in a thread-
safe manner
All access to critical data should only be provided through synchronized
methods (or synchronized blocks).
In this way, we are guaranteed that the data will be updated by only one
thread at a time.
Providing Thread Safe Access to Data
public class SavingsAccount
{
private float balance;
public synchronized void withdraw(float anAmount)
{
if ((anAmount>0.0) && (anAmount<=balance))
balance = balance - anAmount;
}
public synchronized void deposit(float anAmount)
{
if (anAmount>0.0)
balance = balance + anAmount;
}
21. However, there is an overhead associated with synchronization
Many threads may be waiting to gain access to one of the object's
synchronized methods
The object remains locked as long as a thread is within a synchronized
method.
Ideally, the method should be kept as short as possible.
Another solution is to provide synchronization on a block of
code instead of the entire method
In this case, the object's lock is only held for the time that the thread is
within the block.
The intent is that we only lock the region of code which requires access to
the critical data. Any other code within the method can occur without the
lock.
In high load situations where multiple threads are attempting to access
critical data, this is by far a much better implementation.
Thread Safety Performance Issues
22. public class SavingsAccount
{
private float balance;
public void withdraw(float anAmount)
{
if (anAmount<0.0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Withdraw amount negative");
synchronized(this)
{
if (anAmount<=balance)
balance = balance - anAmount;
}
}
public void deposit(float anAmount)
{
if (anAmount<0.0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Deposit amount negative");
synchronized(this)
{
balance = balance + anAmount;
}
}
Block Synchronization