jaundice
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Jaundice, also known as icterus, is characterized by a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. There are three main types of jaundice: prehepatic jaundice caused by excessive red blood cell destruction; hepatic jaundice resulting from liver cell damage; and posthepatic jaundice caused by obstruction of bile flow from the liver or gallbladder. Common causes include infections, blood disorders, liver diseases, and gallstones.
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Jaundice
This document provides an overview of jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. It begins with the etymology and brief history of jaundice. It then discusses the anatomy of the liver and bilirubin metabolism. Various types and causes of hyperbilirubinemia are explained, including pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice. Specific conditions like Gilbert's syndrome and viral hepatitis are described. Liver histology findings in different liver diseases and drug induced liver injuries are also summarized.
Jaundice
This document discusses jaundice and its causes. It begins by defining jaundice as the yellow discoloration of skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and normally excreted by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like hemolytic anemia, intra-hepatic issues involving the liver like hepatitis or inherited disorders, or post-hepatic issues obstructing bile flow like gallstones. Blood tests and urine analysis help determine the type and cause of jaundice. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but aims to relieve bile obstruction to prevent life-threatening cholangitis.
Jaundice
This document discusses jaundice, its types, and treatment. There are three main types of jaundice: prehepatic (hemolytic) jaundice caused by excessive red blood cell breakdown, hepatic jaundice caused by liver damage impairing bilirubin processing, and posthepatic (obstructive) jaundice caused by bile duct obstruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may involve antibiotics to treat infections, anthelmintics to treat parasites, or fluid therapy. The primary goals are to correct the underlying cause and manage symptoms like lethargy and yellow discoloration.
Jaundice, E. Ngadaya
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be prehepatic due to increased breakdown of red blood cells, hepatic due to liver dysfunction impairing bilirubin processing, or cholestatic due to bile duct obstruction. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check bilirubin levels and liver enzymes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include phototherapy, medications, or procedures to address any obstructions.
زهردویی..jaundice/ ako majid ....anesthesiology
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which can discolor the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed and excreted by the liver. Jaundice can be categorized as pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic depending on where the underlying pathology is located. Common causes include liver inflammation, blocked bile ducts, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, blood tests of liver enzymes and bilirubin levels, and imaging tests. Treatment depends on the specific cause but aims to address the underlying problem leading to elevated bilirubin.
Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by issues before, within, or after the liver's processing of bilirubin. In newborns, jaundice is often caused by the immature liver's inability to effectively break down bilirubin from red blood cell breakdown. Jaundice is diagnosed through physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests and treated based on the underlying cause.
Jaundice ppt
1. Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by high bilirubin levels. It is often a sign of liver, gallbladder or pancreatic problems.
2. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin can be due to pre-hepatic issues affecting red blood cell breakdown, hepatic issues affecting the liver's ability to process bilirubin, or post-hepatic issues blocking bile ducts.
3. Evaluation of jaundice involves medical history, physical exam assessing skin and abdominal signs, and lab tests of liver function and imaging of the abdomen. Treatment
Jaundice
This document summarizes treatment approaches for different types of jaundice. General treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve removing the cause, administering antibiotics or other drugs, or surgery. For neonatal jaundice, mild cases resolve on their own with increased feeding, while more severe cases use phototherapy or blood transfusions. Viral jaundice typically requires no treatment as the body clears the virus. Cholestatic jaundice treatment focuses on surgical interventions like cholecystectomy or nonsurgical options like oral bile acids or endoscopic procedures.
Recommended
Jaundice
This document provides an overview of jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia. It begins with the etymology and brief history of jaundice. It then discusses the anatomy of the liver and bilirubin metabolism. Various types and causes of hyperbilirubinemia are explained, including pre-hepatic, hepatic and post-hepatic jaundice. Specific conditions like Gilbert's syndrome and viral hepatitis are described. Liver histology findings in different liver diseases and drug induced liver injuries are also summarized.
Jaundice
This document discusses jaundice and its causes. It begins by defining jaundice as the yellow discoloration of skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and normally excreted by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by pre-hepatic issues like hemolytic anemia, intra-hepatic issues involving the liver like hepatitis or inherited disorders, or post-hepatic issues obstructing bile flow like gallstones. Blood tests and urine analysis help determine the type and cause of jaundice. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but aims to relieve bile obstruction to prevent life-threatening cholangitis.
Jaundice
This document discusses jaundice, its types, and treatment. There are three main types of jaundice: prehepatic (hemolytic) jaundice caused by excessive red blood cell breakdown, hepatic jaundice caused by liver damage impairing bilirubin processing, and posthepatic (obstructive) jaundice caused by bile duct obstruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, and may involve antibiotics to treat infections, anthelmintics to treat parasites, or fluid therapy. The primary goals are to correct the underlying cause and manage symptoms like lethargy and yellow discoloration.
Jaundice, E. Ngadaya
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be prehepatic due to increased breakdown of red blood cells, hepatic due to liver dysfunction impairing bilirubin processing, or cholestatic due to bile duct obstruction. Diagnosis involves blood tests to check bilirubin levels and liver enzymes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include phototherapy, medications, or procedures to address any obstructions.
زهردویی..jaundice/ ako majid ....anesthesiology
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which can discolor the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed and excreted by the liver. Jaundice can be categorized as pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic depending on where the underlying pathology is located. Common causes include liver inflammation, blocked bile ducts, and genetic disorders. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, blood tests of liver enzymes and bilirubin levels, and imaging tests. Treatment depends on the specific cause but aims to address the underlying problem leading to elevated bilirubin.
Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by issues before, within, or after the liver's processing of bilirubin. In newborns, jaundice is often caused by the immature liver's inability to effectively break down bilirubin from red blood cell breakdown. Jaundice is diagnosed through physical exams, blood tests, and imaging tests and treated based on the underlying cause.
Jaundice ppt
1. Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by high bilirubin levels. It is often a sign of liver, gallbladder or pancreatic problems.
2. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin can be due to pre-hepatic issues affecting red blood cell breakdown, hepatic issues affecting the liver's ability to process bilirubin, or post-hepatic issues blocking bile ducts.
3. Evaluation of jaundice involves medical history, physical exam assessing skin and abdominal signs, and lab tests of liver function and imaging of the abdomen. Treatment
Jaundice
This document summarizes treatment approaches for different types of jaundice. General treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve removing the cause, administering antibiotics or other drugs, or surgery. For neonatal jaundice, mild cases resolve on their own with increased feeding, while more severe cases use phototherapy or blood transfusions. Viral jaundice typically requires no treatment as the body clears the virus. Cholestatic jaundice treatment focuses on surgical interventions like cholecystectomy or nonsurgical options like oral bile acids or endoscopic procedures.
Jaundice
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. It can be a sign of several underlying diseases affecting the liver or red blood cells. The document discusses the different types of jaundice including pre-hepatic (before the liver), hepatic (within the liver), and post-hepatic (after the liver). Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are described. Neonatal jaundice is also addressed as a common cause of jaundice in newborns which can be treated with phototherapy or left to clear on its own.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin levels can be elevated if the liver is damaged or inflamed, or if the bile ducts are blocked. Common symptoms of jaundice include yellow skin and eyes, dark urine, light stool, and itching. Laboratory tests and imaging studies are used to diagnose the cause, and treatment depends on the underlying problem but may include surgery or medication to relieve itching.
Bilrubin & jaundice: causes,pathogenesis,classification & clinical features
This document summarizes key aspects of jaundice and bilirubin metabolism. It discusses how bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of heme in senescent red blood cells, transported to the liver bound to albumin, and processed in the liver through conjugation and excretion. It describes the normal 5 steps of bilirubin metabolism and defines pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic causes of jaundice. The document contrasts the pathophysiology of unconjugated versus conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and outlines clinical features of cholestasis.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood and results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be categorized as pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic depending on where the underlying condition occurs. Pre-hepatic jaundice is caused by increased breakdown of red blood cells while hepatic jaundice results from liver damage and post-hepatic from bile duct blockage. Treatment depends on the type but may include phototherapy, medications, or procedures to relieve bile duct obstructions.
Jaundice
This document discusses the causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment of jaundice. It begins by describing the normal breakdown process of red blood cells and hemoglobin. It then covers various types of congenital and acquired jaundice, including physiological jaundice in newborns, breast milk jaundice, hemolytic diseases, hepatic/hepatocellular jaundice, and obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis involves urine, liver, and imaging tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include discontinuing drugs, antibiotics, blood transfusions, surgery, or phototherapy for newborns.
Biochemical profile of Jaundice MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin levels can be due to excessive red blood cell breakdown (pre-hepatic), impaired liver function (hepatic), or blocked bile ducts (post-hepatic). The most common causes of jaundice are viral hepatitis infections which cause inflammation of the liver.
Jaundice & ascites
This document discusses jaundice and ascites. It defines jaundice as the accumulation of bilirubin in tissues, describes the pathophysiology of bilirubin metabolism, and classifies jaundice as either conjugated or unconjugated. It then covers the evaluation, causes, and treatment of jaundice. The document also defines ascites as fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, often due to liver disease, and discusses the evaluation, causes based on serum ascites albumin gradient, and treatment of ascites.
Approach to a patient with JAUNDICE
This document provides information on the clinical management of a patient presenting with jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice and explaining bilirubin metabolism. Jaundice is classified by the type of circulating bilirubin (conjugated or unconjugated) and site of the problem (prehepatic, hepatocellular, or cholestatic/obstructive). The causes, clinical manifestations, appropriate laboratory tests, and imaging studies are described for each type of jaundice to aid in diagnosis and management. A thorough history, physical exam, and targeted lab and imaging workup are recommended to determine the underlying etiology causing a patient's jaundice.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by liver disease or inflammation, bile duct obstruction, or conditions that increase the breakdown of red blood cells like hepatitis or hemolytic anemia. Symptoms include yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, and itchiness. Diagnosis involves bilirubin tests and imaging exams like ultrasound or CT scan to identify the underlying cause. Treatment targets reversing the condition causing the jaundice.
Hematology 6 jaundice
1. Hemoglobin is broken down through a series of steps after red blood cells are destroyed. This produces the yellow pigment bilirubin.
2. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin levels in the blood rise above normal. It can be caused by increased red blood cell breakdown, liver problems filtering bilirubin, or blockages in the bile ducts.
3. There are three main types of jaundice - pre-hepatic from too much red blood cell breakdown, hepatic from liver issues, and post-hepatic from bile duct blockages. They are distinguished by urine/stool pigments and liver function test results.
All about Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver; jaundice can occur when there is excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or blockage of bile flow from the liver. The document discusses the causes, types, signs, tests, and treatments for jaundice.
The liver
The document provides information about the liver and liver function tests. It discusses what the liver is and its key functions. These include excretion of bile, metabolic functions, hematological functions, storage of vitamins and minerals, and detoxification. It also describes jaundice, the metabolism of bilirubin, different types of liver function tests, and common liver diseases like acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and alcoholic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is also mentioned.
Jaundice V PharmD by Vineela.N
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a liver disease characterized by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. It occurs when bilirubin levels exceed 2mg/dl. There are three main types - prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic - depending on where the blockage of bilirubin occurs. Signs and symptoms include yellowing of the skin and eyes. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, urine and blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include phototherapy, medications to improve bilirubin clearance or surgery to unblock bile ducts. Prevention focuses on limiting potential liver toxins and maintaining vaccination against hepatitis viruses
Bile pigments
Bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin. Bilirubin is transported to the liver bound to albumin and conjugated with glucuronic acid before being excreted in bile. Elevated levels of bilirubin in blood causes jaundice. Jaundice can be prehepatic from excessive hemolysis, hepatic from liver toxicity, or posthepatic from biliary obstruction. Diagnosis involves liver function tests to differentiate the type based on conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels, urine and stool color, and other markers.
6. The Liver Notes
This content is suitable for medical technologists/technicians/lab assistants/scientists writing the SMLTSA board exam. The content is also suitable for biomedical technology students and people also interested in learning about the liver. This chapter describes the liver and interpretation of the liver function tests. Please note that these notes are a collection I used to study for my board exam and train others who got distinctions using these.
Disclaimer: Credit goes to those who wrote the notes and the examiners of each exam question. Please use only as a reference guide and use your prescribed textbook for the latest and most accurate notes and ranges. The material here is not referenced as it is a collection of pieces of study notes from multiple people, and thus will not be held viable for any misinterpretations. Please use at your own discretion.
Jaundice Pathology
Jaundice, or hyperbilirubinemia, is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood and results in a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally conjugated and excreted by the liver. Predominantly unconjugated jaundice occurs when there is excessive bilirubin production, reduced hepatic uptake, or impaired conjugation. Predominantly conjugated jaundice results from decreased hepatocellular excretion or impaired bile flow. Common causes include hepatitis, gallstones, and genetic disorders like Gilbert syndrome or Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Laboratory tests are used to
Jaundice & cholestatic liver diseases
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and the causes of jaundice. It covers:
1) How bilirubin is normally produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and eliminated from the body through the liver and bile.
2) Causes of jaundice like hepatitis, bile obstruction, and hemolytic anemia which disrupt the normal balance of bilirubin production and clearance.
3) The pathology of cholestasis or impaired bile flow, including characteristic lab findings, morphological changes in the liver, and ductular proliferation in response to bile stasis.
characteristics of urine
this slide is a simple slide that explain about the characteristics of urine,abnormal characteristics of urine,main terms associated with urine ,also explains casts and crystals...it should be given a general idea about urine characteristics.......its explains its basics
.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Jaundice
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice and explaining causes such as overproduction or defective transport of bilirubin. Serum bilirubin levels and bilirubin metabolism are described. Jaundice is classified based on bilirubin type, etiology, and site of disease. Differential diagnosis of pre-hepatic, hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice is provided based on bilirubin levels, urine tests, and other features. Specific conditions like Gilbert's syndrome and viral hepatitis are explained. Evaluation of acute liver injury focuses on markers like ALT, AST, ALP and their patterns in hepatocellular vs cholestatic disease.
Jaundice (pathophysiology)
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, occurs when bilirubin levels are elevated. It is classified based on the type of bilirubin elevated (conjugated vs unconjugated) and the site of the underlying disease (prehepatic, hepatic, or posthepatic). Prehepatic jaundice results from excessive bilirubin production, hepatic jaundice can involve either conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin depending on the specific liver disease, and posthepatic jaundice occurs when conjugated bilirubin backs up due to biliary obstruction. Common causes are then outlined for each category.
Jaundice.docx
Jaundice is a medical condition caused by high bilirubin levels in the bloodstream, which results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced as a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. There are three main types of jaundice - hepatocellular caused by liver damage, hemolytic from rapid red blood cell breakdown, and obstructive from bile duct blockage. Symptoms include yellow skin and eyes, itching, dark urine, and fatigue. Jaundice is diagnosed through blood tests measuring bilirubin levels and liver function. The underlying cause determines treatment, which may include surgery to clear bile duct obstructions.
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What's hot
Jaundice
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. It can be a sign of several underlying diseases affecting the liver or red blood cells. The document discusses the different types of jaundice including pre-hepatic (before the liver), hepatic (within the liver), and post-hepatic (after the liver). Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment are described. Neonatal jaundice is also addressed as a common cause of jaundice in newborns which can be treated with phototherapy or left to clear on its own.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin levels can be elevated if the liver is damaged or inflamed, or if the bile ducts are blocked. Common symptoms of jaundice include yellow skin and eyes, dark urine, light stool, and itching. Laboratory tests and imaging studies are used to diagnose the cause, and treatment depends on the underlying problem but may include surgery or medication to relieve itching.
Bilrubin & jaundice: causes,pathogenesis,classification & clinical features
This document summarizes key aspects of jaundice and bilirubin metabolism. It discusses how bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of heme in senescent red blood cells, transported to the liver bound to albumin, and processed in the liver through conjugation and excretion. It describes the normal 5 steps of bilirubin metabolism and defines pre-hepatic, hepatic, and post-hepatic causes of jaundice. The document contrasts the pathophysiology of unconjugated versus conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and outlines clinical features of cholestasis.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood and results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be categorized as pre-hepatic, hepatic, or post-hepatic depending on where the underlying condition occurs. Pre-hepatic jaundice is caused by increased breakdown of red blood cells while hepatic jaundice results from liver damage and post-hepatic from bile duct blockage. Treatment depends on the type but may include phototherapy, medications, or procedures to relieve bile duct obstructions.
Jaundice
This document discusses the causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment of jaundice. It begins by describing the normal breakdown process of red blood cells and hemoglobin. It then covers various types of congenital and acquired jaundice, including physiological jaundice in newborns, breast milk jaundice, hemolytic diseases, hepatic/hepatocellular jaundice, and obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis involves urine, liver, and imaging tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include discontinuing drugs, antibiotics, blood transfusions, surgery, or phototherapy for newborns.
Biochemical profile of Jaundice MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, is caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. Elevated bilirubin levels can be due to excessive red blood cell breakdown (pre-hepatic), impaired liver function (hepatic), or blocked bile ducts (post-hepatic). The most common causes of jaundice are viral hepatitis infections which cause inflammation of the liver.
Jaundice & ascites
This document discusses jaundice and ascites. It defines jaundice as the accumulation of bilirubin in tissues, describes the pathophysiology of bilirubin metabolism, and classifies jaundice as either conjugated or unconjugated. It then covers the evaluation, causes, and treatment of jaundice. The document also defines ascites as fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, often due to liver disease, and discusses the evaluation, causes based on serum ascites albumin gradient, and treatment of ascites.
Approach to a patient with JAUNDICE
This document provides information on the clinical management of a patient presenting with jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice and explaining bilirubin metabolism. Jaundice is classified by the type of circulating bilirubin (conjugated or unconjugated) and site of the problem (prehepatic, hepatocellular, or cholestatic/obstructive). The causes, clinical manifestations, appropriate laboratory tests, and imaging studies are described for each type of jaundice to aid in diagnosis and management. A thorough history, physical exam, and targeted lab and imaging workup are recommended to determine the underlying etiology causing a patient's jaundice.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by a buildup of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by liver disease or inflammation, bile duct obstruction, or conditions that increase the breakdown of red blood cells like hepatitis or hemolytic anemia. Symptoms include yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, and itchiness. Diagnosis involves bilirubin tests and imaging exams like ultrasound or CT scan to identify the underlying cause. Treatment targets reversing the condition causing the jaundice.
Hematology 6 jaundice
1. Hemoglobin is broken down through a series of steps after red blood cells are destroyed. This produces the yellow pigment bilirubin.
2. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin levels in the blood rise above normal. It can be caused by increased red blood cell breakdown, liver problems filtering bilirubin, or blockages in the bile ducts.
3. There are three main types of jaundice - pre-hepatic from too much red blood cell breakdown, hepatic from liver issues, and post-hepatic from bile duct blockages. They are distinguished by urine/stool pigments and liver function test results.
All about Jaundice
Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver; jaundice can occur when there is excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or blockage of bile flow from the liver. The document discusses the causes, types, signs, tests, and treatments for jaundice.
The liver
The document provides information about the liver and liver function tests. It discusses what the liver is and its key functions. These include excretion of bile, metabolic functions, hematological functions, storage of vitamins and minerals, and detoxification. It also describes jaundice, the metabolism of bilirubin, different types of liver function tests, and common liver diseases like acute viral hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, liver failure, and alcoholic liver disease. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is also mentioned.
Jaundice V PharmD by Vineela.N
Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a liver disease characterized by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood. It occurs when bilirubin levels exceed 2mg/dl. There are three main types - prehepatic, intrahepatic, and posthepatic - depending on where the blockage of bilirubin occurs. Signs and symptoms include yellowing of the skin and eyes. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, urine and blood tests, and imaging. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include phototherapy, medications to improve bilirubin clearance or surgery to unblock bile ducts. Prevention focuses on limiting potential liver toxins and maintaining vaccination against hepatitis viruses
Bile pigments
Bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin are produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin. Bilirubin is transported to the liver bound to albumin and conjugated with glucuronic acid before being excreted in bile. Elevated levels of bilirubin in blood causes jaundice. Jaundice can be prehepatic from excessive hemolysis, hepatic from liver toxicity, or posthepatic from biliary obstruction. Diagnosis involves liver function tests to differentiate the type based on conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels, urine and stool color, and other markers.
6. The Liver Notes
This content is suitable for medical technologists/technicians/lab assistants/scientists writing the SMLTSA board exam. The content is also suitable for biomedical technology students and people also interested in learning about the liver. This chapter describes the liver and interpretation of the liver function tests. Please note that these notes are a collection I used to study for my board exam and train others who got distinctions using these.
Disclaimer: Credit goes to those who wrote the notes and the examiners of each exam question. Please use only as a reference guide and use your prescribed textbook for the latest and most accurate notes and ranges. The material here is not referenced as it is a collection of pieces of study notes from multiple people, and thus will not be held viable for any misinterpretations. Please use at your own discretion.
Jaundice Pathology
Jaundice, or hyperbilirubinemia, is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood and results in a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally conjugated and excreted by the liver. Predominantly unconjugated jaundice occurs when there is excessive bilirubin production, reduced hepatic uptake, or impaired conjugation. Predominantly conjugated jaundice results from decreased hepatocellular excretion or impaired bile flow. Common causes include hepatitis, gallstones, and genetic disorders like Gilbert syndrome or Crigler-Najjar syndrome. Laboratory tests are used to
Jaundice & cholestatic liver diseases
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and the causes of jaundice. It covers:
1) How bilirubin is normally produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and eliminated from the body through the liver and bile.
2) Causes of jaundice like hepatitis, bile obstruction, and hemolytic anemia which disrupt the normal balance of bilirubin production and clearance.
3) The pathology of cholestasis or impaired bile flow, including characteristic lab findings, morphological changes in the liver, and ductular proliferation in response to bile stasis.
characteristics of urine
this slide is a simple slide that explain about the characteristics of urine,abnormal characteristics of urine,main terms associated with urine ,also explains casts and crystals...it should be given a general idea about urine characteristics.......its explains its basics
.
Laboratory Diagnosis of Jaundice
This document discusses laboratory diagnosis of jaundice. It begins by defining jaundice and explaining causes such as overproduction or defective transport of bilirubin. Serum bilirubin levels and bilirubin metabolism are described. Jaundice is classified based on bilirubin type, etiology, and site of disease. Differential diagnosis of pre-hepatic, hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice is provided based on bilirubin levels, urine tests, and other features. Specific conditions like Gilbert's syndrome and viral hepatitis are explained. Evaluation of acute liver injury focuses on markers like ALT, AST, ALP and their patterns in hepatocellular vs cholestatic disease.
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Bilrubin & jaundice: causes,pathogenesis,classification & clinical features
Bilrubin & jaundice: causes,pathogenesis,classification & clinical features
Biochemical profile of Jaundice MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Biochemical profile of Jaundice MUHAMMAD MUSTANSAR
Similar to jaundice
Jaundice (pathophysiology)
Jaundice, or yellowing of the skin and eyes, occurs when bilirubin levels are elevated. It is classified based on the type of bilirubin elevated (conjugated vs unconjugated) and the site of the underlying disease (prehepatic, hepatic, or posthepatic). Prehepatic jaundice results from excessive bilirubin production, hepatic jaundice can involve either conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin depending on the specific liver disease, and posthepatic jaundice occurs when conjugated bilirubin backs up due to biliary obstruction. Common causes are then outlined for each category.
Jaundice.docx
Jaundice is a medical condition caused by high bilirubin levels in the bloodstream, which results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced as a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown. There are three main types of jaundice - hepatocellular caused by liver damage, hemolytic from rapid red blood cell breakdown, and obstructive from bile duct blockage. Symptoms include yellow skin and eyes, itching, dark urine, and fatigue. Jaundice is diagnosed through blood tests measuring bilirubin levels and liver function. The underlying cause determines treatment, which may include surgery to clear bile duct obstructions.
Jaundice.pptx
Jaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes caused by high bilirubin levels in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of heme in red blood cells and is normally processed by the liver and excreted in bile or urine. Jaundice can be physiologic in newborns or pathologic due to liver disease, hemolytic disease, or bile duct obstruction. The type of jaundice is determined by measuring conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin levels and depends on whether the cause is excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or bile duct blockage.
jaundice- intergated 2019.pptx
Jaundice, or icterus, is a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by high bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and normally processed by the liver. Jaundice can be a sign of liver disease or hemolytic disease if bilirubin production exceeds the liver's ability to process it. The causes of jaundice include increased red blood cell breakdown, liver dysfunction that prevents bilirubin removal, and bile duct obstruction limiting bilirubin excretion. Physiological jaundice in newborns is also common as their liver matures after birth. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve phototherapy to
jaundice presentation portable display format pdf.pdf
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and jaundice. It defines bilirubin and jaundice, and classifies jaundice into three types: pre-hepatic (hemolytic) jaundice, hepatic (hepatocellular) jaundice, and post-hepatic jaundice. For each type, it describes the causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, and examples of conditions that can cause that type of jaundice. The document also discusses neonatal jaundice, the risks factors, workup, and management of jaundice in newborns.
Jaundice pathology
Jaundice, or icterus, refers to yellowing of the skin and eyes due to high bilirubin levels in the blood. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and normally conjugated and excreted in bile. Jaundice can be pre-hepatic from excessive bilirubin production, hepatic from impaired conjugation or transport, or post-hepatic from bile duct obstruction. Hemolytic jaundice involves increased bilirubin from red blood cell destruction. Hepatocellular jaundice stems from liver disease impairing bilirubin excretion. Cholestatic jaundice occurs when conjugated bilirubin cannot enter bile ducts due
JAUNDICE PRESENTATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AROUND THE WORLD
This document discusses bilirubin metabolism and jaundice. It begins by defining bilirubin and jaundice, and outlines the normal concentration of bilirubin in the blood. It then describes the three main types of jaundice: pre-hepatic (hemolytic) jaundice caused by excessive bilirubin production; hepatic (hepatocellular) jaundice caused by impaired liver function; and post-hepatic (obstructive) jaundice caused by obstruction of the biliary tract. For each type, the document discusses causes, clinical features, and pathophysiology. It also covers neonatal jaundice, risk factors, evaluation, and management.
JAUNDICE. for undergraduate pptx.pdf for
The document discusses jaundice, describing it as a yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by increased bilirubin levels. It classifies jaundice into three types: prehepatic (hemolytic), hepatic (hepatocellular), and posthepatic (obstructive). Prehepatic jaundice is caused by increased bilirubin production from red blood cell breakdown. Hepatic jaundice results from liver damage impairing bilirubin processing. Posthepatic jaundice is from bile duct obstruction blocking bilirubin excretion. Neonatal jaundice, common in newborns, occurs as their immature livers cannot yet fully process bilirub
What Is Jaundice
Jaundice is a yellowish staining of the skin and eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin comes from the breakdown of red blood cells and is normally removed from the blood by the liver. Jaundice occurs when there is too much bilirubin for the liver to remove, a problem with the liver removing bilirubin, or a blockage of the bile ducts that prevents bilirubin from leaving the liver. Common causes of jaundice include liver diseases, blockages or inflammation of the bile ducts, genetic disorders, and certain drugs.
Postoperative jaundice
Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes take on a yellowish color due to high bilirubin levels. It can be caused by excessive breakdown of red blood cells, liver problems impairing bilirubin processing or excretion, or blockages obstructing bile flow. Diagnosis involves blood tests to measure bilirubin levels and other liver enzymes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, surgery, or phototherapy for newborns. Preventive measures include moderating alcohol intake and getting vaccinated against hepatitis if traveling to endemic regions.
jaundice - yellow discoloration of tissue.
Jaundice, or icterus, is caused by the deposition of bilirubin in tissues resulting in a yellowish discoloration. Bilirubin deposition only occurs with hyperbilirubinemia and indicates either liver disease or a hemolytic disorder. Slight increases in bilirubin are best detected by examining the sclerae, which have an affinity for bilirubin. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin and transported bound to albumin to the liver where it is conjugated and excreted in bile and ultimately in feces. Laboratory tests are used to evaluate jaundice and determine if the cause is pre-hepatic, hepatocellular
Jaundice (new).ppt
Jaundice, or yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, occurs when bilirubin levels are elevated above normal in the bloodstream. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells. There are three main types of jaundice based on where the blockage in bilirubin metabolism occurs: hemolytic, cholestatic, and hepatocellular. Hemolytic jaundice results from excessive red blood cell breakdown that overloads the liver's bilirubin processing. Cholestatic jaundice occurs when bile flow from the liver is obstructed. Hepatocellular jaundice reflects impaired bilirubin processing in the liver itself due
Jaundice by chota
Jaundice is caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood and results in yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be classified as prehepatic, hepatic, or posthepatic depending on where the underlying issue occurs. Prehepatic jaundice involves abnormalities before the liver, hepatic jaundice is due to liver disease or defects, and posthepatic jaundice results from obstructions of bile flow after the liver such as gallstones. Common causes of hepatic jaundice include Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome which affect bilirubin processing in the liver.
jaundice 22.pptx
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and is processed by the liver. There are three main types of jaundice depending on where the bilirubin processing is disrupted: pre-hepatic (before the liver), hepatic (in the liver), and post-hepatic (after the liver). Jaundice is diagnosed based on symptoms of yellow skin and testing of liver function and bilirubin levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, procedures to open bile ducts, or liver transplantation in severe cases.
Jaundice
Jaundice otherwise called icterus, which may occurs due to high bilirubin level in blood. The slides here explains the epidemiology, metabolism of bilirubin, types of jaundice, their etiology, risk factors involved, symptoms diagnosis and treatment.
Jaundice
Jaundice is caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and is processed by the liver. There are three main types of jaundice depending on where the bilirubin processing is disrupted: pre-hepatic (before the liver), hepatic (in the liver), and post-hepatic (after the liver). Jaundice is diagnosed based on symptoms of yellow skin and testing of liver function and bilirubin levels. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications, procedures to remove gallstones or tumors, or liver transplantation in severe cases.
Jaundice.pptx
Jaundice is a condition where the skin and eyes take on a yellowish color due to high bilirubin levels. Bilirubin is produced from the breakdown of red blood cells and processed by the liver. Jaundice can be caused by excessive bilirubin production, impaired liver function, or blockages in the bile ducts. Diagnosis involves blood tests of liver function and bilirubin levels, along with imaging tests to check for liver or bile duct abnormalities.
17. jaundice by arlena, given, and hilda
Jaundice is caused by an imbalance between the production and clearance of bilirubin, leading to its deposition in tissues. It can result from excessive hemolysis, liver inflammation or damage, or obstruction of the bile ducts. The three main types of jaundice are hemolytic, hepatocellular (intrahepatic), and obstructive (extrahepatic). Hemolytic jaundice involves pre-hepatic overproduction of bilirubin, while hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice result from impaired hepatic function or bile duct obstruction, respectively. Jaundice commonly affects newborns and usually resolves on its own within two weeks.
Evaluation of Jaundice by Dr. Sookun Rajeev Kumar
The patient is a 25-year-old man presenting with worsening malaise, anorexia, nausea and fever over the past 10 days. Yesterday he noted dark urine and pale stools. On examination, the patient has icteric conjunctivae, a temperature of 38.8°C and tender enlarged liver. Urinalysis was positive for bilirubin and urobilinogen. The tasks are to take a further history, arrange investigations including liver function tests and abdominal imaging, explain the likely illness of hepatitis to the patient, and advise on immediate management including treatment and follow up.
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jaundice presentation portable display format pdf.pdf
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Bilirubin Metabolism Presentation Yr 2 CHOs 2023 - Copy.pptx
Bilirubin Metabolism Presentation Yr 2 CHOs 2023 - Copy.pptx
JAUNDICE PRESENTATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AROUND THE WORLD
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jaundice
- 1. JAUNDICE
- 2. JAUNDICE OR ICTERUS Jaundice or icterus is the condition characterized by yellow coloration of the skin, mucous membrane and deeper tissues due to increased bilirubin level in blood. The word jaundice is derived from the French word ‘jaune’ meaning yellow. The normal serum bilirubin level is 0.5 to 1.5 mg/dL. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin level exceeds 2 mg/dL.
- 3. Types of Jaundice Jaundice is classified into three types: 1. Prehepatic or hemolytic jaundice 2. Hepatic or hepatocellular jaundice 3. Posthepatic or obstructive jaundice.
- 4. 1. Prehepatic or Hemolytic Jaundice Hemolytic jaundice is the type of jaundice that occurs because of excessive destruction of RBCs resulting in increased blood level of free (unconjugated) bilirubin. In this condition, the excretory function of liver is normal. But the quantity of bilirubin increases enormously. The liver cells cannot excrete that much excess bilirubin rapidly.
- 5. Unconjugated bilirubin is insoluble in water and is not excreted in urine. So, it accumulates in the blood resulting in jaundice. Formation of urobilinogen also increases resulting in the excretion of more amount of urobilinogen in urine. Causes Any condition that causes hemolytic anemia can lead to hemolytic jaundice.
- 6. Common causes of hemolytic jaundice are: i. Renal disorder ii. Hypersplenism iii. Burns iv. Infections such as malaria v. Hemoglobin abnormalities such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia vi. Drugs or chemical substances causing red cell damage vii. Autoimmune diseases.
- 7. 2. Hepatic or Hepatocellular or Cholestatic Jaundice Hepatic jaundice is the type of jaundice that occurs due to the damage of hepatic cells. Because of the damage, the conjugated bilirubin from liver cannot be excreted and it returns to blood. Causes i. Infection (infective jaundice) by virus, resulting in hepatitis (viral hepatitis) ii. Alcoholic hepatitis iii. Cirrhosis of liver iv. Exposure to toxic materials.
- 8. 3. Posthepatic or Obstructive or Extrahepatic Jaundice Posthepatic type of jaundice occurs because of the obstruction of bile flow at any level of the biliary system. The bile cannot be excreted into small intestine. So, bile salts and bile pigments enter the circulation. The blood contains more amount of conjugated bilirubin. Causes i. Gallstones ii. Cancer of biliary system or pancreas.