Lymphatic and Immune System Terms for Chapter 6 Presentation, Biology 120, Truman College

1. BIOLOGY 120
Author: Jason Godo
Chapter 6 Presentation

2.  Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma.
Lymphoma is cancer of lymph tissue found in the
lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
The first sign of Hodgkin disease is often an enlarged
lymph node.
The disease can spread to nearby lymph nodes.
Later it may spread to the lungs, liver or bone marrow.
 The cause is unknown.

3.  Hodgkindisease is rare.
 Symptoms include:
 painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck,
armpits, or groin
 fever and chills
 night sweats
 weight loss
 loss of appetite
 itchy skin

4.  Hodgkin’s disease can be diagnosed with a
biopsy.
 This involves removing and examining a piece of
tissue under a microscope.
 Treatment varies depending on how far the disease
has spread and often includes radiation theraphy or
chemotherapy.
 The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the
more effective the treatment.
 In most cases, Hodgkin disease can be
cured.

5.  Kaposi's sarcoma is a disease in which
cancer cells are found in the tissues under
the skin or mucous membranes that line
the mouth, nose, and other organs.
 KS causes red or purple patches (lesions)
on the skin and/or mucous membranes
and spreads to other organs in the body,
such as the lungs, liver, or intestinal tract.

6.  KStumors are divided into three groups,
based on appearance, with much overlap.
Nodular lesions are of varying size and
thickness. They are purple and will at times have a
halo of brown or yellow pigment around them.
Infiltrating lesions may be quite large, may be
raised, or grow downward beneath the skin.
Lymphatic lesions can mimic other causes of
swollen lymph nodes and may require a biopsy to
rule out infection.

7.  Once the disease occurs, symptoms relate to
the site of involvement.
Early and more advanced skin lesions are usually only
mildly uncomfortable, although painful ulcers may
occur.
 Lesions
in the gastrointestinal tract are very
common but rarely cause significant
symptoms.
Early lesions in the lung have no symptoms either, but
severe lung involvement produces a profound air
hunger.

8.  KS is not considered curable.
 Long-term survival does occur both with or without
treatment, however.
Survival in classic KS is usually years and sometimes
decades.
 All forms of KS are sensitive to radiation theraphy.
Radiation is especially useful for lesions that are
cosmetically disturbing, painful, involve the mouth
extensively, block lymphatics, bleed, or protrude from the
skin.
 Chemotherapy and biological therapy are also
utilized in treatment.

9.  Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease.
It starts as tiny, grain-like lumps called
granulomas, which most often appear in your
lungs or lymph nodes.
They can clump together and form larger lumps
that attack other organs.
Sarcoidosis often affects your skin, eyes or liver.

10.  It does not always cause symptoms, so you can have it without
knowing it.
 No one is sure what causes sarcoidosis.
 General symptoms caused by the disease include fever,
tiredness or fatigue, weight loss, night sweats and an overall
feeling of ill health.
 Some organs are affected more often than others.
 Sarcoidosis occurs most often in the lungs.
 It also commonly affects the skin, eyes, lymph nodes and liver.
 Less commonly, it affects the spleen, brain, nerves, heart, tear
glands, salivary glands, sinuses, bones and joints.
 Rarely, it affects other organs, such as the kidneys, breasts
and male and female reproductive organs.
 Sarcoidosis may be mild, or it can be severe and do lasting
damage.

11.  The majority of people with sarcoidosis recover without any
treatment.
 It is indicated to follow a treatment according to the disease
and the risks incurred by the affected organ.
 The purpose of the sarcoidosis treatment is to slow or even
stop the formation of granulomas and alleviate the various
symptoms.
 The various drugs used for this purpose are from
different classes:
 Corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory cortisone type)
 Cytotoxic agents
 Immunomodulators (treatment that stimulates or inhibits the response of
the immune system)
 Some antibiotics

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