The document discusses different methods for factoring different types of expressions: 1) For factoring a binomial, the method is to find the greatest common factor (GCF). 2) For the difference of two perfect squares like x^2 - 16, the method is to break it down and write it as (x - 4)(x + 4). 3) For factoring a trinomial where a is not 1, the method is to use the MFDM (multiply, factor, divide, multiply) approach. If a is 1, the method is to use a "diamond" approach.