The document provides information on different types of computer hardware including input, output, memory, and storage devices. It discusses the main components of a computer system including the CPU, RAM, ROM, and different internal and external storage devices. For input devices it covers keyboards, mice, microphones, scanners, touch screens, and barcode readers. The output devices section examines monitors including CRT, LCD, plasma and OLED displays as well as printers and speakers. It also mentions plotters and projectors. The document includes facts about computer memory, Douglas Engelbart inventing the mouse, refresh rates, supercomputers, and 3D food printers.

1. IX
Computer Application
CBSE
Ch 2
Types of Hardware

2. 2.2 Computer System
● CPU
● Memory- Primary (RAM, ROM) & Secondary(external
storage)
● Input Devices
● Output Devices

3. 2.3 Memory of a Computer System

4. 2.3 Memory of a Computer System
● Main memory/Primary memory/Internal
memory
● Auxiliary memory/ Secondary memory/
External memory

5. 2.3.1 Units of memory

6. 2.3.2 Main(primary) memory

9. Difference between RAM & ROM
P -29

10. Storage mechanism
P -29

11. 2.3.3 Secondary Storage Devices
1.Floppy Disks(Diskette)

12. 2.Hard Disk

13. 3.CD- Compact Disks
● CD-R
● CD-W
● CD_RW

14. Fact Time!
Douglas Engelbart
Development of the mouse began in the early 1960s by SRI's Douglas Engelbart,
while he was exploring the interactions between humans and computers.

15. 4.DVD- Digital Versatile Disk
● DVD-ROM
● DVD-R
● DVD_RW
More than six times what a CD can hold.

16. 5.Pen/Thumb Drives- Flash Memories
The USB flash drive is also
sometimes referred to as a memory
stick, keydrive, pendrive, thumb drive
or jumpdrive.
2.The USB stick was invented by
Amir Ban, Dov Moran and Oron
Ogdan, who all worked for Israeli tech
company, M-Systems.

17. 6.Blue Ray Disk
A single-layer disc can hold
25GB, while a dual-layer disc
can hold 50GB of data.
Can hold six times than a DVD
Abbrivated rightly as BD

18. 7.Memory Stick
Using bigger SD cards is
useless if we do not
have any additional
space.
SD cards are prone to
severe damage and failure

19. Cloud Storage(Not a Device)
80% of the companies
that move to cloud
witness improvements in
their IT departments in
less than six months

20. Cloud Storage(Not a Device)

22. FACT TIME !
Computer memory is made up of….silicon chips (integrated circuits).
1-05-21
Why silicon is used in chips?
Silicon is used because it can be
used as either an insulator (doesn't
allow electricity to flow) or a
semiconductor (allows a little flow of
electricity).
The silicon must be so pure that only
one out of every ten billion atoms can be
an impurity
integrated circuit chip constituting
many transistors and capacitors

25. Computer Performance factors
● CPU Speed
● Memory Size
● Number of Applications
Page 28

26. Computer Performance factors -SPEED
Page 28
The speed of the CPU is also known as the clock speed of the CPU. …
Processor speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz). The higher this measurement,
the faster the processor.
One megahertz equals one million instructions per second, and one gigahertz
equals one billion instructions per second.
Modern laptops varies from 1 to 2.6Ghz.

27. Computer Performance factors- MEMORY SIZE
Page 28
Cache memory
This saves fetching the instructions and data repeatedly from RAM – might otherwise
keep the CPU waiting.
Transfers to and from cache take less time than transfers to and from RAM.
The more cache there is, the more data can be stored closer to the CPU.

28. Computer Performance factors- Number of
applications running
Page 28
Speed of the CPU, the space on the hard disk, the size of the RAM, the
type of the graphics card, the speed of the hard disk
the computer is multitasking, the defragmenting files.
The distribution of clock towards different application.

30. 2.4 Input Devices
P-31

31. 1.Keyboard
An input device that allows a person to enter letters, numbers, and other symbols

32. 2. Mouse
A computer mouse (plural mice, rarely mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface

33. 3. Microphone(Mic)
A microphone is a device that
captures audio by converting sound
waves into an electrical signal.
This signal can be amplified as an
analog signal or may be converted
to a digital signal, which can be
processed by a computer or other
digital audio device.

34. 4. Scanner
A scanner is a device that captures images from photographic prints, posters, magazine
pages, and similar sources for computer editing and display.

35. 5. Concept Keyboard
A concept keyboard is a flat board that contains a grid of buttons. Each button can
be programmed to do whatever you want.

36. 6. Touch Screens
The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by
touching pictures or words on the screen.

37. 7.Barcode readers
an optical scanner that can read printed barcodes, decode the data contained in the barcode and
send the data to a computer.
Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating for optical
impulses into electrical signals.

38. 8. Magnetic Stripe Reader-OMR, OCR, MICR, Light Pen
When a card with a magnetic strip is moved back and forth over any kind of 'reader head', such as
the swiping device on your hotel door or at the supermarket checkout, voltage is introduced into the
coils of the card reader device.
A hardware device that “reads” the information that has. been encoded on the magnetic stripe on
the back of a plastic card.

39. Fact Time!
Refresh Rate-
● Monitors quality depends upon fps-frames per second
● As the rate of fps is higher, image quality will be better.
● Considered as the number of times image updating on screen
● Corresponding that, information reaching to eyes

41. OUTPUT DEVICES
Output Devices

42. 2.5 Output Devices
Displays, plays, and prints information after processing.

43. Monitors
➔ Pixel
➔ Horizontal measurement of screen
1. CRT-Cathode Ray Tube
2. LCD-Liquid Crystal Display, TFT-Thin Film Transistor
3. Plasma Monitors
4. Touch Screen Monitors
5. OLED-Organic Light Emitting Display

44. 1.CRT monitors
★ Electronic Gun
★ Bombarding over phosphorous dots
★ Glow

45. 2. LCD,TFT monitors
● Polarised charged transistors material forms pixel
● Different technologies

46. 3. Plasma Monitors
➢ PDP-Plasma Display Panels
➢ Electrically charged ionized gases
➢ Expensive, weighted,power consumption, and size
➢ Picture quality and color combinations good in quality

47. 4. Touchscreen monitors
● Touch screen material

48. 5. OLED monitors
● New display technology
● Brighter, thinner, refresh rate better and in contrast

49. Printers
Information deliver by means of
printed characters

50. Printer Categories
1. Impact Printers
2. Non Impact Printers

51. Impact printers-
Paper in touch with printing band
Example-
● Dot matrix printers
● Daisy wheel printers
● Line printers
1. Create characters by striking paper
2. Print on most of types of paper
3. Speed is slow

52. Non- Impact printers
Dry ink powder spray mechanism
● Ex-Laser Printer
1. Fast
2. Not noisy
3. High quality
4. Support many fonts and
different characters

53. Speaker
Converts electric current form
of sound receive into audible
format of sound

54. Portable speakers

55. Plotters- Design graphics and drawing on paper

56. Types of plotter-
1. Pen plotter
2. Photo plotter

57. Projector-Takes display onto large flat surface

58. Fact Time!
Android 12 Beta version out for selected devices
● Google mobile OS
● 2008, first version 1.0 to 1.1
● Till 9th versions all names upon eatables
● 2019, android 10
● 2020, android 11

59. Nature is the greatest place to recharge and heal

60. ● Thousand times faster than human
● 1.4 million gb RAM
● 100,000(1L) processors
● 415 petaflops per second
● Since 2020,JapaniesFugaku(415.53
petaflops)
Fact Time!
Supercomputers

61. Fact Time!
> Fuser rollers get up to about 401 degrees
fahrenheit!
>Laser printers use more energy than your
computer
>Three dimensional printers can print food

62. Thank you!