The document discusses issues and challenges facing Hinduism, including gender inequality, the caste system, and poverty. It describes how the caste system divides Hindu society into classes like Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Shudras. It also discusses current issues like illiteracy, confusion about religious teachings, corruption, and declining moral values. These issues affect many Hindus' ability to properly practice their faith.

1. Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems
General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
Lesson 8.3
Issues and
Challenges in
Hinduism

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3. Hinduism is one of
the popular religions
around the world.
However, Hindus
face many issues and
challenges in the
practice of their
religion.
3

4. Essential
Question
4
How do the issues and challenges
of Hinduism affect its followers?

5. Learning
Competency
5
Explain that the core teaching of Hinduism is
the attainment of liberation in the
identification of Atman and Brahman through
the Four Yogas
(HUMSS_WRB12_1/111j_11/Va-8.3).

6. Learning
Objectives
6
● Discuss issues in the Hindu religion such
as gender inequality, the caste system,
and poverty.
● Explain current issues and challenges
being faced by the Hindu society.
● Simulate a particular yoga and write a
reflection paper on one’s insights
regarding Hinduism.

7. Explore
7
Video Analysis
1. Watch the YouTube video “Evolution of Indian
Society.”
2. As you watch the video, listen to how Indian
society has changed through the years.

8. Explore
8
Video Analysis
3. Break into groups of five and discuss what you
just watched.
4. Elect a leader to share your discussion with the
class.

9. Explore
9
Guide Questions
1. How does the Hindu religion affect Hindu
society?

10. Explore 2. Is it easy for some members of Hindu society
to follow the teachings found in the Vedas?
Why? Why not?
10
Guide Questions

11. Explore 3. Why are women often relegated to a less
important position in society?
11
Guide Questions

12. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
12
Gender Issues: Role of women
● Expected to bear children
and teach them the customs
and traditions of Hindu
religion

13. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
13
Gender Issues: Role of women
● Expected to obey their parents especially
their father
● Expected to participate and assist in rituals

14. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
14
Caste System
● Divided Indian society into different classes
○ Brahmins (priests and teachers)
○ Kshatriyas (warriors and rulers)
○ Vaisya (merchants, farmers, traders, and
landowners)

15. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
15
Caste System
● Division based on the Manumriti which is considered
to be the most important and authoritative book on
Indian law.

16. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
16
Poverty
● State of lacking a usual or socially
acceptable amount of money or
material possession

17. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
17
Poverty
● Reasons of poverty in Hindu society
-Lack of opportunities to enjoy basic
services and skills training

18. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
18
Poverty
● Reasons of poverty in Hindu society
-Lack of affordable housing

19. Issues Affecting the Hindu Society
19
Poverty
● Reasons of poverty in Hindu society
-Overcrowding

20. Check Your
Progress
20
20
How can some of these issues affecting
Hindu society be solved?

21. Current Issues and Challenges Affecting Hindu Society
21
● Illiteracy
-Lack of opportunity to get an education and jobs
prevent many Hindus from practicing their religion.

22. Current Issues and Challenges Affecting Hindu Society
22
● Confusion
-Lack of opportunity to get an education results in
many Hindus being confused about their religion

23. Current Issues and Challenges Affecting Hindu Society
23
● Corruption
-Many Hindus become rich through illegal means
and don’t get punished at all.

24. Current Issues and Challenges Affecting Hindu Society
24
● Defining values
-Many Hindus live in selfish ways and ignore the
plight of the poor

25. Check Your
Progress
25
25
How do these current issues and
challenges affect the faith of Hindu
society?

26. In Philippine
Context
26
The presence of
Hinduism in the
Philippines is not only
felt through the
presence of many
temples Hindu
temples like the one in
Manila

27. In Philippine
Context
27
It is also felt though many non-Hindus who
have come to embrace the Hindu religion
and formed groups like Sai Baba and
Paramahansa Yogananda.

28. In Philippine
Context
28
Hindu practices like meditation and yoga and
Hindu words like karma and bodhi have
become part of the Filipino culture.

29. Wrap-Up
● The issues and challenges that have affected
Hindu society are gender inequality, the caste
system, homosexuality, and poverty.
● The caste system divides Indian society into
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, and
Dalits.
● The current issues and challenges affecting
Hindu society are illiteracy, confusion,
conflicts, corruption, and declining values.
29

30. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
30
1. Men in Hindu society are expected to take care
of the children.

31. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
31
2. Kshatriyas consists of priests and teachers.

32. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
32
3. Corruption continues to go on in Hindu society.

33. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
33
4. As a child, women are expected to obey their
parents especially their fathers.

34. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
34
5. Shudras consists of commoners, peasants, and
farmers.

35. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
35
6. Lack of job opportunities allow Hindus to buy
decent homes.

36. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
36
7. Thirty-five percent of illiterate people in the
world live in India.

37. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
37
8. Illiteracy has resulted in many Hindus not being
able to properly practice
their faith.

38. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
38
9. This division of Indian society into different
classes was based on the Manusmriti which is
considered to be the most important and
authoritative book on Hindu law.

39. Try This!
A. Modified True or False. Identify if the
statement is true. If not, change the
underlined word/s to make it correct.
39
10. The Dalits are the lowest class of people in
the caste system.

40. 40
Challenge
Yourself
Dharma
Moksha
Essay. Explain how these people are treated in
Hindu society.
Priests
Artha
Kama
Brahman
Atman

41. 41
Challenge
Yourself
Dharma
Moksha
Essay. Explain how these people are treated in
Hindu society.
Street sweepers
Artha
Kama
Brahman
Atman

42. 42
Challenge
Yourself
Dharma
Moksha
Essay. Explain how these people are treated in
Hindu society.
Farmers
Artha
Kama
Brahman
Atman

43. 43
Challenge
Yourself
Dharma
Moksha
Essay. Explain how these people are treated in
Hindu society.
Servants
Artha
Kama
Brahman
Atman

44. 44
Challenge
Yourself
Dharma
Moksha
Essay. Explain how these people are treated in
Hindu society.
Warriors
Artha

45. Photo Credits
Nepal Katmandou / Kathmandu, on the banks of the Bagmati River, considered a holy river by Hindus and Buddhists,
people washing by Jeanne Menjoulet is licensed under CC BY SA 2.0 via Wikimedia.
A Filipina in Indian clothing by Joan Villarante-Kavianifar is licensed under CC BY SA 2.0 via Wikimedia.
Caste system of Indus Valley by Giveaway285 is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0 via Wikimedia.
Two minor girls seen picking trash in Lucknow India by RezviMasood is licensed under CC BY SA 2.0 via Wikimedia.
45

46. Bibliography
“Causes of Urban Poverty in India.” Habitat for Humanity. Accessed at
https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/blog/2018/08/causes-urban-poverty-india/#:~:text=Of%20population%20
growth%20and%20poverty&text=High%20birth%20rate%20and%20high,only%202%20children%20who%20survi
ve.
“Gender and Religion-Gender and Hinduism.” Encyclopedia.com. Accessed at
https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/gender-and-religion-
gender-and-hinduism.
“Hinduism and Gender Equality.” Hinduwebsite.com. Accessed at
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_gender.asp.
“Hinduism in the Philippines.” Religion Wiki. Accessed at
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1us4-Vlj1uWZ5UNE8_fVjgqV0KRHiRX7p9SySCbQ-xw8/edit.
“Hindu Society Contemporary Problems.” Hinduwebsite.com. Accessed at
https://www.hinduwebsite.com/editorial/hindu-society-problems.asp.
“
46

47. Bibliography
““What is India’s Caste System?” BBC. Accessed at
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-35650616#:~:text=The%20caste%20system%20divides%20Hindus,t
he%20Hindu%20God%20of%20creation.
“Women’s Role in Hinduism.” Mahavidya. Accessed at
http://www.mahavidya.ca/2008/06/23/womens-roles-in-hinduism/.
47