Issues in costing cross cutting hss interventions in
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This document discusses issues in costing cross-cutting health systems strengthening (HSS) interventions in Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) proposals, using Afghanistan as an example. It outlines areas typically covered by HSS, such as human resources, infrastructure, and health products. It also notes challenges in Afghanistan, including a lack of local expertise in costing, difficulty linking investments to outcomes, inadequate proposal preparation, and reliance on salary budgets. Standardized unit costing is difficult for HSS due to the wide range of services involved and lack of national costing strategies and data.
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The document discusses Afghanistan's experience implementing the Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) and Essential Package of Hospital Services (EPHS) through contracting non-governmental organizations (NGOs) since 2003. Key points include:
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This document provides an update on polio eradication efforts in Afghanistan. It notes that 5 provinces and 47 districts are at high risk for polio, with districts categorized from fully accessible to inaccessible. In 2016, all confirmed polio cases were reported from access-compromised areas. To strengthen polio eradication, the approach focuses on gaining access, implementing alternative strategies, engaging communities, and enhancing monitoring. Lessons from 2015-2016 highlight the importance of strong coordination, maintaining neutrality, and improving quality in accessible but limited areas. Opportunities include political support and neutrality, while challenges include inaccessibility, knowledge gaps, and possible funding issues.
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This document outlines Afghanistan's National Emergency Action Plan (NEAP) for polio eradication from 2016-2017. The plan's goal is to stop wild poliovirus transmission in Afghanistan by the end of 2016 with no new cases in 2017. Key strategies include maintaining program neutrality, focusing on high-risk areas, strengthening community engagement, and enhancing accountability. Targets include conducting 10 vaccination campaigns in 2016-2017 and improving surveillance. The plan also discusses improving campaign quality, monitoring, and data collection to enhance polio eradication efforts.
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This document outlines the governance structure of Afghanistan's Country Coordinating Mechanism (ACCM) for Global Fund grants. It describes the functions and composition of the ACCM, its executive committee, and oversight committee. The ACCM coordinates grant proposals and oversight, comprises up to 30 members from government, civil society, international organizations, and is currently 29 members. The executive committee of 7 members manages daily operations and oversight. The oversight committee of 6-10 members monitors grant implementation and provides recommendations to improve performance.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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