This is a presentation which has detailed information about Israel - Palestine conflict/war. it contains historical background of this conflict and present day conflict.

1. Israel and Palestine
Conflict
Presentation by
Venkat Krishna
Pranav Gatla

2. Key Players and Stakeholders
Israel
The state of Israel, its government, and military.
Palestinian Authority
The governing body in the West Bank.
Hamas
A Palestinian political and military organization.
International Community
Various countries and organizations involved
in peace negotiations and providing aid.

3. 1. Atrocities against jews : when crusades happened thousand years ago,
Christians killed jews in large numbers.
2. After 1800’s , hatred towards jews were not only on basis of religion but
also because jews were seen as a different ethnicity.
3. Because of this reasons , jews living around the world began feeling
that no country accepts them as their own.
ZIONISM:
1. there was an Austro-Hungarian journalist Theodor Herzl , he started a new
political movement called “ZIONISM”.
2. in 1881, the first large scale migration of jews was seen. Many jews
migrated to Palestine.
British Rule:-
1. In 1917 (after WW-1) British took over the control of Palestine .
2. At this time in Germany , Hitler gets political power ,and the jews were
Massacred in a genocide.
3. Jews flee from Hitler controlled Europe to different countries to save
themselves.
Historical background

4. 4. Around 23000 jews migrate to Palestine but British government stopped further migrations,which caused “Israeli nationalist
movement “in Palestine.
at the same time around 1940’s Palestine national movement began and both jews and palestinians started demanding
own states.
5. British leaves Palestine handing over the responsibilities to US government.
UN partition plan:
1. the united nations proposed a plan that grants
55% to Jews and 45 % to Palestinians .
Jerusalem will be under international control as it is a
holy place for three religious groups.
2. Jews accept this plan and form “Israel”.
Historical background

5. ARAB-ISRAEL WAR OF 1948:-
1. more than 5 countries fought against Israel ,as Arab countries
weren’t pleased with UN partition plan at all.
2. Jews fought this war knowing that if they lose there will be no
place in the world at all.
3 . Israel won this war historically.
4. But , the areas that were supposed to be Palestine’s ,Israel
captured some of the portion and Jordan captured other portions.
5. This led to formation of PLO in 1967.
6. After 2nd Arab Israeli war (1967) Israel occupies Egypt as well as west bank
area, resulting Palestinians having no country left.
Egypt Israel peace talks:-
in 1979 Egypt became first Arab country to recognize Israel as a country.
And the land which was taken by Israel was given back to Egypt.

6. PLO:-
1. In 1964 Palestine liberation organization was founded to fight for their
own country
2. Initially, their aim is through armed struggle , because of this USA and Israel
declared PLO as a terrorist Organization.
3. In 1974,PLO gets officially recognized by UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY as the
representative of the Palestinians.
The hope for peace:-
P
1. In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin becomes prime minister of Israel
2. He believed PLO was not a terrorist organization.
3. Israel officially recognized PLO as a government and PLO recognized
Israel as a country
1993 OSLO ACCORDS:-
1. For the first time Israel and PLO come together and talk about how the country
can be peacefully divided.
2. As a result in 1994 ,the Palestinian government was established for the first time.
3. The Palestinian government was named Palestinian National Authority.

7. 4. In reality ,Palestine gets only some bits and pieces in the west bank
Area and Gaza strip.
5. Israel and Palestine decided to come up with a peaceful solution.
6. For this reason, In 1994,the president of the Palestinian authority –Yaseer
Arafat, and the prime minister of Israel Yizthak Rabin were awarded Nobel
Peace prize.
7. Unfortunately a Jewish extremist shot the Israeli prime minster thrice from a
Pistol in 1995.
8 . And because of the extremists the situation kept on worsening.
HAMAS:-
1. In 1987, some Islamic fanatics in Palestine came together to form HAMAS
group.
2 . When the peace treaty was signed around 1994 between Palestine and
Israel both Jewish and Islamic fanatics started hating Rabin and PLO.
3. HAMAS group boycotts the election in 1996 but also carry out suicide
bombings in Israel .
.
4. USA,ISRAEL,EU,JAPAN have declared HAMAS “A terrorist group”.
5. Because of this ,on both sides , the dominance of fanatics starts rising.
6. People on both sides , the Israelis and Palestinians start hating each other.

8. Battle of Gaza :
1. In 2006 , Hamas militant group participates in the parliament election and wins .It defeats the PLO party(FATAH), by a small
margin.
2. But after this in 2007, a civil war takes place between these two political parties in Palestine.
3. Palestine gets divided into two parts. In the Gaza strip, HAMAS establishes its control, And the west bank area is controlled
by Fatah and PLO.
4. Fatah and PLO rule the West Bank as a government body.
5. Gaza strip is basically occupied by HAMAS as a terrorist group.
. .

9. Israel Palestine crisis 2021:-
1. the firing of rockets and airstrikes occur between Gaza and Israel, the west Bank doesn’t have much to do with it and
no rockets are launched by them.
2.the borders of Gaza are clearly defined ,Israel has put complete blockades all around Gaza,on other hand Egypt has
blocked it completely.
3. 10 May 2021, though disturbances took place earlier, and continued until a ceasefire came into effect on 21 May. It
was marked by protests and police riot control, rocket attacks on Israel by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), and Israeli
airstrikes in the Gaza Strip
4. this issue began with the topic of Sheikh Jarrah.
5. Sheikh Jarrah is a neighbourhood in East Jerusalem, where many Palestinian families were ordered to leave their homes.
6. on 7th May 2021, Palestinian people protested against these evictions, stones were thrown and Israeli police tried to control
the situation.
7. on 10th May 2021,the Israeli police entered the Al Aqsa mosque, and started firing rubber bullets and stun grenades were
thrown at the Palestinians there.
8. HAMAS issued an ultimatum to Israeli troops to stand down from AL-AQSA.
. .

10. Israel Palestine conflict 2023:
1. Another conflict has broken out between Palestine and Israel after 2021.
2. On 7th October , thousands of rockets were fired at Israeli cities.
3. Israeli defence forces estimate that around 2000 rockets were fired at Israel.
4. Israel has Iron Dome system which is one of the best air defence systems in the world.
5. As more than 5000 rockets were fired within 20 minutes , iron dome system failed to
prevent the damage.
6. Thousands of people were killed and injured in Israel because of these attacks.
7. In addition to rocket strikes ,HAMAS launched a multi-pronged attack from the ground
sea and air.
8. Many Israeli soldiers were captured and held as hostages by HAMAS group.
9. Israeli military in response carried out air strikes in Gaza which resulted in 1000’s of deaths
of Palestinians.
10. HAMAS military commander Al-Deif has named this operation as Al-Aqsa flood which is
a response to Al-Aqsa mosque incident in 2021.
11. Israel launched its own attack in response , which was named operation “Iron Swords”.
12. Israeli defence forces have deployed their Navy , Air Force, and ground forces in Gaza.
13. Domestically , the Israeli government is facing a lot of criticism, Despite having MOSSAD
(a powerful Israeli intelligence) as they failed to stop the attacks of HAMAS.

11. Possible Solutions
1 Two-State Solution
An independent Palestine alongside Israel, based on pre-1967
borders.
2 Implementation of partition plan of 1947
Division based on partition as suggested by UN. 55% for jews and
45% for Palestinians.

12. ROLE OF INDIA IN THIS CONFLICT
1. India has always played an active role in extending support for the Palestinian cause across various
multilateral forums. India co-sponsored the draft resolution on “the right of Palestinians to self-
determination” and voted in favor of it during the 53rd session of the United Nations General Assembly
(UNGA).
2. India traditionally believes in the 2-state solution and supports the establishment of a sovereign
independent and the viable state of Palestine.

13. THANK YOU