This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between Israel and Palestine. The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. It can be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other. Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist groups will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine. It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab countries. This means that there is an urgent need to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine, between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future. The time has come for humanity to promote the construction of world peace and to exercise control over its destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means of survival for the human species.

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PEACE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND PALESTINE REQUIRES EXTREMISTS OUT
OF POWER AND RESTRUCTURING OF THE UN
Fernando Alcoforado*
This article aims to demonstrate the need for Israeli and Palestinian extremists to be
removed from power and for the UN to be restructured so that there is peace between
Israel and Palestine. A group of experts from the ICC (International Criminal Court),
based in The Hague, Netherlands, unanimously advised requesting arrest warrants against
leaders of Israel and Hamas in a recently held panel. The ICC's main prosecutor, Briton
Karim Khan, announced on Monday that he had asked the court to issue arrest warrants
against Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Israeli Defense Minister Yoav
Gallant, as well as arrest warrants for Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh, Gaza chief Yahya
Sinwar and Al-Qassam Brigades commander Mohammed Al-Masri, known as Deif. The
five targeted are suspected of war crimes and crimes against humanity allegedly
committed in Israel and the Gaza Strip.
Since 2021, the ICC prosecutor has been investigating allegations of war crimes
committed since 2014 by the Israeli army and all Palestinian militias in the Palestinian
territories occupied by Israel. The investigation includes and covers the Hamas attack on
Israel on October 7 and the war in Gaza. The panel unanimously concluded that Hamas
leaders Sinwar, Deif and Haniyeh committed war crimes and crimes against humanity,
including hostage-taking, murder and crimes of sexual violence. It also unanimously
concluded that Netanyahu and Gallant committed war crimes and crimes against
humanity, including starvation as a method of war, murder, persecution and extermination
of the Palestinian people. The arrest warrants for Netanyahu put him in the company of
Russian President Vladimir Putin, for whom the ICC issued an arrest warrant over
Russia's war against Ukraine.
With the arrest warrants, Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant of
Israel will not be able to go to any of the 124 countries that adhere to the rules of the
International Criminal Court, under risk of arrest. This measure by the ICC is late, but
absolutely necessary to show that no ruler of any nation and no political group, such as
Hamas, can go unpunished for the war crimes and crimes against humanity that they have
committed and continue to commit. This measure by the ICC is a signal to the Israeli and
Palestinian people of the need to remove the right-wing extremists who govern Israel and
the extremist leaders who command Hamas from power. This is the first condition for
peace to be built and celebrated in the region of Palestine occupied by Israel since the
Six-Day War in 1967.
The construction of peace can only happen in the Palestine region if the Jewish people in
Israel and throughout the world, as well as the Palestinians, politically repel the extremists
who exercise power in their territories and establish governments that seek conciliation
between the Jewish and Palestinian peoples. This would be the way to avoid the
continuation of the conflict between the State of Israel and the Palestinian people. It can
be said that there is only one solution to the conflict between Palestine and Israel: on the
one hand, Israel needs to accept the constitution of the Palestinian State, seek a fair and
negotiated solution regarding Jerusalem and the fate of Palestinian refugees and end the
settlements Jews in the West Bank and, on the other, Palestinians need to recognize the
State of Israel because neither Palestinians nor Israelis can impose their will on each other.
Neither the right-wing extremists who govern Israel nor the Palestinian extremist group
of Hamas will be able to impose their will by force of arms in Palestine.

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It is important to note that the conflict between Israel and Palestine began in the 19th
century, when Zionist Jews expressed the desire to create a modern state in their ancestral
land and began to create settlements in the region of Palestine, at the time still controlled
by the Ottoman Empire. The great powers that won the First World War decided the fate
of Palestine in favor of the Jews, using the League of Nations to do so, thus configuring
the arrogance that has always characterized international relations throughout history.
The Palestinians saw the sponsorship given first by Great Britain and then by the League
of Nations to the Zionist project of creating a Jewish national home in Palestine as a denial
of their right to independence. Since then, there has been much violence and controversy
surrounding the issue, as well as several peace negotiations during the 20th century.
The State of Israel was founded in 1948, following the Partition Plan drawn up by the
UN, which divided the region, then under British rule, into Arab and Jewish states (Figure
1).
Figure 1- UN Partition Plan
Source: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UN_Partition_Plan_For_Palestine_1947.svg
One fact is evident: Israel's history has revolved around conflicts with Palestinians and
neighboring Arab nations that have been shaken by wars and clashes between Jews and
Arabs who do not agree with the territorial division of the former Palestinian lands, as
established in the current moment. Since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, the
conflict opposing it to the Palestinians has been the epicenter of a conflict between Israel
and all Arab countries, with strong global repercussions. There were wars with Egypt,
Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, but without the tension in the region decreasing. During this
period, Israel occupied the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, the Golan
Heights and southern Lebanon after the Six-Day War against Egypt, Syria and Jordan in
1967 (Figure 2).

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Figure 2- Israeli achievements in the Six-Day War (1967)
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39960461
Figure 3 below shows that there has been a deliberate strategy by the various Israeli
governments since 1967 to progressively conquer the territory of Palestine until the
present time. Figure 3 shows that the map of Palestine has changed over the years with
Israel's advance into Palestinian territory. At the current time, the Israeli government
tyrannically occupies the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. This situation cannot continue
because it generates permanent conflict between Jews and Palestinians. Peace between
Jews and Palestinians will hardly be concluded if these conditions are maintained.
Figure 3- Israel’s advance on Palestinian territory
Source: https://www.palestineportal.org/learn-teach/key-issues/settlements-and-the-occupation/

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Palestinians demand to establish a sovereign and independent Palestinian State. Most
Palestinians accept the West Bank and Gaza Strip regions as territory for a future
Palestinian state. Many Israelis also accept this solution. A discussion around this solution
took place during the Oslo Accords, signed in September 1993 between Israel and the
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), which allowed the formation of the ANP
(Palestinian National Authority). Despite the return of the Gaza Strip and parts of the
West Bank to Palestinian control, a final agreement still needed to be reached. To do this,
it would be necessary to resolve the main points of contention, which are the dispute over
Jerusalem, the fate of Palestinian refugees and the end of Jewish settlements in the West
Bank.
It is unlikely that the conflict between Palestinians and Jews will be resolved today
because existing international institutions are not capable of building a negotiated
solution to the conflict between these two peoples and between Israel, Iran and the Arab
countries. The United States has lost the ability to mediate any conflict, no great power
has the conditions to play this role and the UN is currently incapable of promoting peace
on a local, regional or global levels. If everything continues, as it is, no structure, not even
the UN, which works, in practice, in the service of the interests of the United States, will
be able to exercise governance over planet Earth. This means that there is an urgent need
to restructure the international system to resolve the conflict between Israel and Palestine,
between Russia and Ukraine and all international conflicts that may occur in the future.
The time has come for humanity to equip itself as urgently as possible with instruments
capable of promoting the construction of world peace and exercising control over its
destiny. To achieve these objectives, it is urgent to restructure the UN with a view to
transforming it into a democratic government of the world that constitutes the only means
of survival for the human species. To make peace between Israel and Palestine possible
and definitively eliminate new risks of a new world war and to achieve perpetual peace
on our planet, it would be necessary to reform the current international system, which is
incapable of guaranteeing world peace. The new international system should work based
on a Planetary Social Contract. The Planetary Social Contract would be the Constitution
of the people of planet Earth.
To prepare the Planetary Social Contract, a Constituent World Assembly should be
convened with the participation of representatives from all countries in the world elected
for this purpose. The Planetary Social Contract should establish the existence of a world
government. The preservation of peace should be the first mission of every new form of
world government. Its objective would be to defend the general interests of the planet,
making it compatible with the interests of each nation. For this to happen, there must be
democratic governance in the world with a world government elected by all countries in
the world. Its role would be to build the governability of the global economy and
environment and the maintenance of world peace. Through it, the defense of the general
interests of all countries on the planet would be pursued in terms of international relations.
A global democratic government would ensure that the sovereignty of each country is
respected because it would act to prevent any country from intervening in the internal
affairs of others, especially with military interventions. Contrary to what many think, the
existence of a world government would not be a threat to national sovereignty, on the
contrary, it would guarantee that no country would intervene in the internal affairs of
other countries. In addition to the World Government and the World Parliament, the
World Supreme Court should also be created, which should be composed of high-level
jurists from the world chosen by the World Parliament who would act for a determined

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period of time. The World Supreme Court should judge cases that involve disputes
between countries, crimes against humanity and nature committed by national States and
rulers in light of the Planetary Social Contract, judge conflicts that exist between the
World Government and the World Parliament and act as guardian of the Planetary Social
Contract.
The new rule of international law would be executed by the three constituted powers:
World Government, World Parliament and World Supreme Court. World power would
rest in the World Government, the World Parliament and the World Supreme Court. The
World Government will not have its own Armed Forces and must rely on the support of
the Armed Forces of the countries that would be called up when necessary. With this
proposed configuration for the democratic governance of the international system, no
country would therefore be a vassal of the World Government. To ensure democratic
practice and governance on planet Earth, world power should be exercised by the World
Parliament, which, in addition to electing the President of the World Government, should
draft and approve international laws based on the Planetary Social Contract.
The World Parliament should be composed of a determined and equal number of
representatives from each country democratically elected for this purpose. The President
of the World government will only exercise command of the World government as long
as he has the support of the majority of World Parliament. If, by majority of World
Parliament, there is a need to replace the President of the World Government, this must
be done. The World Supreme Court should be composed of high-level jurists from around
the world chosen by the world Parliament who would act for a fixed period of time and
should elect the President of the Court to serve a mandate for a determined period of time.
The World Supreme Court should judge cases involving disputes between countries,
crimes against humanity and nature committed by national states and rulers in light of the
Planetary Social Contract, judge conflicts that exist between the World Government and
the World Parliament and act as guardian of the Planetary Social Contract. The new rule
of international law would be executed by the three constituted powers: World
Government, World Parliament and World Supreme Court.
To make global governance viable, there must initially be a powerful global movement
in defense of world peace through a World Forum for Peace and the Progress of Humanity
to be made up of Civil Society organizations and governments from all countries in the
world. In this Forum, the objectives and strategies for establishing a World Government,
a World Parliament and a world Supreme Court should be debated and established,
aiming to raise awareness among the world population and national governments in order
to make a world of peace and progress for the entire world a reality. This would be the
path that would make it possible to transform the utopia of World Government into
reality. Without the constitution of a democratic World Government, the scenario that
unfolds for the future of humanity will be one of economic, political and social disorder,
the war of all against all, and the extinction of the human species with the use of nuclear
weapons by countries contenders for world power.

Fernando Alcoforado, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System, member
of the Bahia Academy of Education, of the SBPC- Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science and of
IPB- Polytechnic Institute of Bahia, engineer from the UFBA Polytechnic School and doctor in Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, college professor (Engineering,
Economy and Administration) and consultant in the areas of strategic planning, business planning, regional
planning, urban planning and energy systems, was Advisor to the Vice President of Engineering and
Technology at LIGHT S.A. Electric power distribution company from Rio de Janeiro, Strategic Planning
Coordinator of CEPED- Bahia Research and Development Center, Undersecretary of Energy of the State

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of Bahia, Secretary of Planning of Salvador, is the author of the books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998),
Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do
Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento (Editora
Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos Estratégicos
na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the Economic and Social
Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG,
Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica,
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e combate
ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores
Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no
Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba,
2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas, Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua
convergência (Associação Baiana de Imprensa, Salvador, 2018), Como inventar o futuro para mudar o
mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2019), A humanidade ameaçada e as estratégias para sua sobrevivência
(Editora Dialética, São Paulo, 2021), A escalada da ciência e da tecnologia e sua contribuição ao progresso
e à sobrevivência da humanidade (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2022), a chapter in the book Flood Handbook
(CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida United States, 2022), How to protect human beings from threats to their
existence and avoid the extinction of humanity (Generis Publishing, Europe, Republic of Moldova,
Chișinău, 2023) and A revolução da educação necessária ao Brasil na era contemporânea (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2023).