Discusses the current state of ISIS radicalism in Southeast Asian and its implications for US-ASEAN Relations

1.
ROMMEL
C.
BANLAOI,
PhD
Chairman,
Philippine
Ins:tute
for
Peace,
Violence
and
Terrorism
Research
(PIPVTR)

3. ISIS
RADICALISM
• Highly
contested
concept,
label,
or
idea
• No
commonly
agreed
objec7ve
defini7on
• Many
defini7ons
provided
are
subjec7ve
and
not
value-­‐free.
• It
is
a
very
rela7ve
term
associated
with:
– Jihad
– Terrorism
– Violent
Extremism

5. Violent
Extremism
It
is
an
intolerant
belief,
ideology
or
worldview
that
endorses
and
glorifies
the
use
of
violence
against
others
not
sharing
that
view.

6. ISIS
Threats
in
Southeast
Asia
Malay
archipelago
unit
for
ISIS

7. ISIS
Threats
in
Southeast
Asia

9. “For
those
who
cannot
move
to
the
land
of
Syria,
join
the
Mujahideen
in
the
Philippines.
If
you
cannot
do
that,
send
your
sons
to
the
land
of
jihad
in
the
Philippines.
And
if
you
cannot
send
your
sons,
then
send
your
money
to
support
the
Mujahideen.”

10. Pro-­‐ISIS
Groups
In
Southeast
Asia
Source:
Interna7onal
Center
for
Poli7cal
Violence
and
Terrorism
Research,
2018

11. Pro-­‐ISIS
Groups
In
Southeast
Asia

12. ISIS
claims
to
have
established
in
the
Southern
Philippines
its
East
Asia
Wilayah.

13. DAULAH
ISLAMIYA
WILAYATUL
MASHRIQ
(DIWM)
23
July
2014
January
2016

16. PRE-­‐MARAWI
IS
NETWORK
IN
RP
1994
2001
2014
2016
2017
Al
Qaeda
Era
ISIS
Era

17. FOUR MAJOR PRO-ISIS GROUPS IN MINDANAO
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MARAWI CITY SIEGE

19. PRO-ISIS COMMANDERS OF THE ASG

21. Source:
PNP

22. HUMAM
ABDUL
ROMATO
NAJID
alias
Abu
Dar
MAUTE GROUP
ABU DAR GROUP-IS LANAO

23. IS/DI
MAGUINDANAO

24. ANSAR KHILAFA PHILPPINES

25. ISLAMIC STATE EAST ASIA/WILAYAT SHARQ ASSIYA

26.
ISIS
FOREIGN
FIGTHERS

27. Source:
AFP

29. ROUTE
1
ROUTE
2
ROUTE
3
ROUTES OF ISIS FOREIGN FIGHTERS TO MARAWI
ROUTE
4
ROUTE
5
ROUTE
6
MARAWI
CITY

30. THE MOST ECONOMICAL ROUTE
OF ISIS FOREIGN FIGHTERS TO MARAWI

34. FOREIGN TERRORIST FIGHTERS
REGARD THE SOUTHERN
PHILIPPINES AS:
• NEW LAND OF
JIHAD
• SAFE HAVEN
• ALTERNATIVE
HOME BASE

35. How
to
prevent
violent
extremism/ISIS
Radicalism?

37. 2.
Poor
governance
3.
Injus:ce
10.
Environmental
destruc:on
7.
Degenera:on
of
moral
values
1.
Massive
and
abject
poverty
and
economic
inequality,
6.
Ideological
Differences
4.
Structural
Inequali:es
5.
Exploita:on
and
marginaliza:on
of
Indigenous
communi:es
8.
Conduct
of
Counter-­‐Insurgency
Opera:ons
9.
Adversi:es
experienced
by
communi:es
ROOT
CAUSES
OF
ARMED
CONFLICTS
IN
THE
PHILIPPINES
(Na:onal
Unifica:on
Commission,
1992)
roots
of
violent
extremism?

38. INJUSTICE
Ineffective/Imposed
Institutions of
Governance,
Law Enforcement &
Service Delivery
Perceived Suppression of Islamic
Practices,
Traditional Customs &
Indigenous Institutions
Proliferation of Armed
Groups/ Militarization
Inter-tribal & Inter-ethnic
Conflict
Clan Warfare
Deprivation of
Basic Amenities
Extreme
Poverty
Declaration of All-Out War
Against the MILF
Competition For Scarce
Resources & Opportunities
Social Exclusion &
Marginalization
Land/Natural Resources
Dispossession
Local Elections Disputes
Source: The World Bank, 2005
KEY CAUSES OF CONFLICTS IN MINDANAO

39. US-­‐ASEAN
Rela:ons
to
prevent
violent
extremism/
ISIS
Radicalism

40. • Southeast
Asia
Regional
Center
for
Counter-­‐
Terrorism
(SEARCCT),
Malaysia
• Interna7onal
Law
Enforcement
Academy
(ILEA),
Thailand
• Joint
Special
Opera7on
Task
Force
Philippines
(JSOTFP)

41. During
the
11th
ASEAN
Ministerial
Mee7ng
on
Transna7onal
Crime
held
in
Manila
on
20
September
2017,
member
countries
adopted
a
Joint
Statement
calling
for
the
further
strengthening
of
ASEAN
coopera7on
in
comba7ng
transna7onal
crime
and
terrorism.

42. ASEAN
looks
forward
to
the
full
implementa7on
of
the
ASEAN
Plan
of
Ac:on
in
Comba:ng
Transna:onal
Crime
(2016-­‐2025)
and
the
revised
ASEAN
Comprehensive
Plan
of
Ac:on
on
Counter-­‐Terrorism.

43. The
2nd
Special
ASEAN
Ministerial
Mee7ng
on
the
Rise
of
Radicaliza7on
and
Violent
Extremism
held
on
19
September
2017
also
acknowledges
the
nexus
of
transna7onal
crimes
and
terrorism
in
Southeast
Asia.

44. • As
a
result
of
the
Marawi
City
siege,
the
Philippines,
Indonesia
and
Malaysia
signed
in
June
2017
the
trilateral
agreement
to
pursue
coordinated
patrols
of
their
shared
mari7me
borders.
• Called
the
Trilateral
Mari:me
Patrol
Agreement
(TMPA)
or
IndoMalPhi,
these
three
countries
agreed
to
conduct
rota7onal
coordinated
patrols
and
to
intensify
informa7on
sharing
among
them.

45. In
January
2018,
six
ASEAN
countries
(the
Philippines,
Indonesia,
Malaysia,
Singapore,
Thailand,
and
Brunei)
launched
the
“Our
Eyes
Ini:a:ve”.

46. The
OEI
aims
to
strengthen
intelligence
sharing
among
ASEAN
countries
in
order
to
effec7vely
combat
the
threat
of
terrorism
and
transna7onal
crime
in
Southeast
Asia
and
to
decisively
avoid
another
Marawi
City
siege
type
incident
to
happen
again
anywhere
in
the
region.

52. ATAP
Ac:vi:es
in
Southeast
Asia
• Na7onal
borders
protec7on
• Cri7cal
infrastructure
protec7on
• Na7onal
leadership
training
and
protec7on
• Responding
to
and
resolving
terrorist
incidents
• Managing
cri7cal
terrorist
incidents
• Countering
financing
of
terrorism
Part
of
the
Nonprolifera;on,
An;-­‐Terrorism,
Demining
and
Related
Ac;vi;es
(NADR)
Account

53. SEACAT
Exercises
• Southeast
Asia
Coopera7on
Against
Terrorism,
2002
• Southeast
Asia
Coopera7on
and
Training,
2012

55. THANK
YOU