Ischaemic heart disease
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Coronary heart disease its symptoms and preventable measures. How it cured do to the research. Past report of the disease. Medications which were used to cure the disease.
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![Coronary
Heart Disease
{CAD}
The reduction of blood flow to the heart
[Atherosclerosis] in the arteries of heart.
It is the most common of the cardiovascular disease.
Types includes stable angina, unstable angina,
myocardial infraction and sudden cardiac death.
Occasionally it may feel like heartburn.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Ischaemic heart disease an overview to heart disease
1) The document discusses ischaemic heart disease, which occurs when cholesterol plaques build up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart.
2) It provides an overview of epidemiology studies on ischaemic heart disease mortality rates around the world. Rates are highest among men ages 35-44 in the US but decline with age and are lower for women. Environmental factors seem to influence rates more than genetics.
3) The document summarizes some key risk factors for developing ischaemic heart disease like smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, and genetic factors. Males and post-menopausal females are also at higher risk.
Drugs used in ischaemic heart disease
This document discusses drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease. It begins by classifying common anti-anginal drugs into categories like nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. It then goes into detail about the pharmacology of each drug class, including their mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and side effects. Key points covered include how nitrates work by donating nitric oxide, the benefits of beta blockers in reducing cardiac work, and how different calcium channel blockers have varying selectivity for vascular smooth muscle vs cardiac muscle. The document provides a thorough overview of the pharmacological management of ischemic heart conditions.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Arteriosclerosis is a disease of thickened and calcified arteries resulting in decreased blood flow, particularly to the brain and legs. It is often caused by aging, hypertension, diabetes and develops into coronary heart disease. The major controllable risk factors are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and stress. The biggest risks are hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking which together increase risk eight times. Symptoms of coronary heart disease include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery such as angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This buildup narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. Coronary heart disease is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Risk factors include genetics, smoking, diet, physical inactivity, stress and age. Symptoms may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and stress tests. Treatment includes medications like nitrates, beta blockers, and statins to manage symptoms and risk factors. Procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can open blocked arteries. Maintaining
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis and is a leading cause of death worldwide. As atherosclerosis progresses, fatty deposits build up in the arteries and restrict blood flow. Over many years, risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and obesity can cause plaque to build up and rupture, restricting blood flow. Managing modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes, medication, and medical treatment can help prevent complications from coronary artery disease.
Ischemic heart disease
The document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries. It then explains how atherosclerotic plaques can develop in the coronary arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. These plaques reduce blood flow and can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. The management of ischemic heart disease includes pharmaceutical treatments, lifestyle changes, and procedures like stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Nursing assessment focuses on understanding a patient's symptoms and risk factors to help guide treatment and risk reduction.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) from the original author of CAD Tozki
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common type of heart disease and leading cause of death in the US. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Over time, plaque buildup can severely block arteries and cause chest pain, heart attack, or death. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac catheterization, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and procedures like stents or bypass surgery to open blocked arteries.
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Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by an imbalance between the heart muscle's supply and demand for oxygenated blood. IHD is commonly caused by coronary atherosclerosis which leads to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow. This can result in ischemia, infarction, and complications such as angina, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. MI occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, causing a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries and leads to cell death in the heart muscle. Diagnosis of MI involves clinical features, electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac enzyme markers in the
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Ischaemic heart disease an overview to heart disease
1) The document discusses ischaemic heart disease, which occurs when cholesterol plaques build up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart.
2) It provides an overview of epidemiology studies on ischaemic heart disease mortality rates around the world. Rates are highest among men ages 35-44 in the US but decline with age and are lower for women. Environmental factors seem to influence rates more than genetics.
3) The document summarizes some key risk factors for developing ischaemic heart disease like smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, and genetic factors. Males and post-menopausal females are also at higher risk.
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This document discusses drugs used to treat ischemic heart disease. It begins by classifying common anti-anginal drugs into categories like nitrates, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers. It then goes into detail about the pharmacology of each drug class, including their mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and side effects. Key points covered include how nitrates work by donating nitric oxide, the benefits of beta blockers in reducing cardiac work, and how different calcium channel blockers have varying selectivity for vascular smooth muscle vs cardiac muscle. The document provides a thorough overview of the pharmacological management of ischemic heart conditions.
CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Arteriosclerosis is a disease of thickened and calcified arteries resulting in decreased blood flow, particularly to the brain and legs. It is often caused by aging, hypertension, diabetes and develops into coronary heart disease. The major controllable risk factors are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diabetes and stress. The biggest risks are hypertension, high cholesterol, and smoking which together increase risk eight times. Symptoms of coronary heart disease include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatments include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery such as angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This buildup narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. Coronary heart disease is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Risk factors include genetics, smoking, diet, physical inactivity, stress and age. Symptoms may include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea and fatigue. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and stress tests. Treatment includes medications like nitrates, beta blockers, and statins to manage symptoms and risk factors. Procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can open blocked arteries. Maintaining
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Coronary artery disease is caused by atherosclerosis and is a leading cause of death worldwide. As atherosclerosis progresses, fatty deposits build up in the arteries and restrict blood flow. Over many years, risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, and obesity can cause plaque to build up and rupture, restricting blood flow. Managing modifiable risk factors through lifestyle changes, medication, and medical treatment can help prevent complications from coronary artery disease.
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The document discusses ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It begins by describing the anatomy of the heart and coronary arteries. It then explains how atherosclerotic plaques can develop in the coronary arteries due to risk factors like high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking. These plaques reduce blood flow and can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. The management of ischemic heart disease includes pharmaceutical treatments, lifestyle changes, and procedures like stenting, angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Nursing assessment focuses on understanding a patient's symptoms and risk factors to help guide treatment and risk reduction.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) from the original author of CAD Tozki
Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common type of heart disease and leading cause of death in the US. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Over time, plaque buildup can severely block arteries and cause chest pain, heart attack, or death. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac catheterization, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as medications and procedures like stents or bypass surgery to open blocked arteries.
Ischaemic Heart Disease(IHD)
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by an imbalance between the heart muscle's supply and demand for oxygenated blood. IHD is commonly caused by coronary atherosclerosis which leads to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries and reduces blood flow. This can result in ischemia, infarction, and complications such as angina, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. MI occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque ruptures, causing a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries and leads to cell death in the heart muscle. Diagnosis of MI involves clinical features, electrocardiogram changes, and elevated cardiac enzyme markers in the
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. Over time, plaque can rupture and form blood clots, completely blocking an artery and leading to a heart attack. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and lack of exercise. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications like heart attacks. Prevention strategies emphasize a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins by defining coronary circulation and explaining the importance of the coronary arteries in supplying blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD, and defines CAD as the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. The document covers the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and medical management of CAD.
Ischemic heart diseases 2
1) Ischemic heart disease results from an imbalance between the heart's demand for oxygenated blood and the supply delivered by the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
2) It manifests as stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death.
3) Myocardial infarction occurs when a blockage in a coronary artery results in prolonged ischemia and cell death in the heart muscle.
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart due to plaque buildup in the arteries. The most common symptom is angina or chest pain, but other signs include shortness of breath, arm or shoulder pain, sweating, and dizziness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy habits. Diagnosis involves tests like an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment options are lifestyle changes, procedures like angioplasty and stents, or bypass surgery.
Coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, risk factors, treatments, and dietary recommendations for management. The major points are:
1. CHD is caused by atherosclerosis, a slow, progressive buildup of plaque in the artery walls beginning in childhood. Over 58 million Americans have some form of CHD.
2. Major risk factors include age, family history, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, and abnormal blood lipids like high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol.
3. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet, weight management, physical activity, and medication like statins to lower LDL cholesterol levels and manage risk factors. The goal is
ischemic heart diseases
This document provides an overview of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and coronary circulation. Ischemic heart disease is defined as a reduction in blood flow and oxygen delivery through the coronary arteries, usually due to plaque buildup. Risk factors include conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Angina pectoris is described as chest pain or discomfort due to myocardial ischemia. Treatment involves both medical approaches like medications and lifestyle changes as well as surgical procedures like CABG.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
IHD
Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the arteries over time due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to reduce risk factors and surgery to open blocked arteries.
Coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease
Cardiovascular disease are becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and they are also emerging as prominent national health problem in developing countries.
Coronary artery disease has become the major cause of early death and disability in the population.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) can also be used interchangeably with the terms atherosclerotic heart disease or ischemic heart disease.
All of these terms imply insufficient perfusion of the coronary arteries from an abnormal narrowing of the vessels, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.
The term coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease, is a condition refers to diseases of the heart that result from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle.
Non modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
Contributing risk factors
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is a condition caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle. It occurs when there is an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The main coronary arteries supply blood to the heart and can become narrowed or blocked by atherosclerosis.
Risk factors include age, male sex, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Symptoms range from stable angina to acute coronary syndromes like heart attack. Diagnosis involves evaluating the medical history, symptoms, electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme levels. Treatment depends on the type and severity of coronary heart disease.
Coronary artery diseases.
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, usually due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits called plaques inside the arteries. CAD risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and more. Symptoms include chest pain or angina. Diagnosis involves tests like ECG, cardiac enzymes tests, stress tests, and angiography. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, diet, exercise, as well as medications, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery, and in severe cases, management of chest pain and risk of decreased cardiac output.
Ischemia
This document discusses the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and infarction. It describes how myocardial oxygen demand can exceed supply, leading to ischemia. Factors that determine oxygen demand and supply are explored, including heart rate, contractility, wall tension, coronary blood flow, oxygen carrying capacity of blood, and autoregulatory resistance in arterioles. The progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque is summarized. Clinical syndromes like stable angina and acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and myocardial infarction) are defined and their presentations, diagnoses, and treatment approaches are overviewed.
Ischemic Heart disease
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also called coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death in developed countries. It is caused by a reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries, usually from atherosclerosis. The main risk factors for IHD are age, sex, family history, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain called angina and heart attacks. Diagnosis involves ECG and cardiac enzyme tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to reduce risk factors and chest pain, while procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can restore blood flow. Regular exercise, diet, not smoking, and controlling conditions like diabetes
HYPERTENTION
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal levels. There are two main types of hypertension - primary/essential hypertension which has no identifiable cause and occurs in 95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and occurs in 5% of patients. Risk factors for developing hypertension include increasing age, family history, being overweight, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain chronic conditions. Symptoms of severe hypertension can include headaches, confusion, vision issues, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like diet changes and exercise as well as medications to lower blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke
Coronary artery disease slide
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. It is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This restricts blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort known as angina. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, stress tests, imaging like angiography and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to control symptoms and risk factors as well as procedures like angioplasty and stents to open blocked arteries. High dose thiamine injections showed promise in curing CAD in one research study. Proper management can help cure angina and allow those with CAD to live long, productive lives
Ischaemic heart diseases
Coronary artery Disease [CAD] is the most common , serious, chronic life threatening diseases in the USA.
More than 11 million Persons have CAD in USA.
Myocardial Ischemia [Reduced blood & oxygen supply to Heart Muscle ], Caused by
Lack of oxygen due to Inadequate perfusion which result from an Imbalance
Between oxygen supply & Demand.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a narrowing of the coronary arteries that limits blood flow to the heart. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis and can damage the heart muscle if not treated. CAD affects Indians at a younger age and with greater frequency than other populations. It is the leading cause of death in many countries. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Ayurveda describes CAD and focuses on diet, emotions, and herbs like Arjuna, garlic, and Tribulus terrestris in management. Lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet, exercise, and stress reduction are emphasized.
Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD)
1. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand, and is commonly seen in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women.
2. The major cause is coronary atherosclerosis, which causes plaque buildup in the coronary arteries and can lead to conditions like angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death.
3. Acute MI occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, causing localized heart muscle cell death from lack of oxygen. It is a medical emergency characterized by chest pain and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzyme levels.
Coronary heart disease
This document provides an overview of coronary heart disease (CHD). It defines CHD as a disease involving the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. The main types of CHD discussed are arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, diet, high blood pressure, stress, and physical inactivity. Diagnosis of CHD involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and angiograms. The document emphasizes prevention through a healthy lifestyle with a good diet, exercise, not smoking, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure.
Coronary Heart Disease and Exercise: What's the evidence?
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Ischemic heart diseae lecture
This document summarizes ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It discusses the coronary circulation and arteries, myocardial ischemia, coronary artery diseases including angina and myocardial infarction. It covers causes such as atherosclerosis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnoses using tests like ECG, treatment including medications, angioplasty, bypass surgery and prevention strategies.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system involves the circulation of blood throughout the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood through the arteries which branch into smaller vessels and capillaries to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste. There are several diseases that can affect the heart including angina, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. These diseases are generally preventable through lifestyle modifications like a healthy diet, exercise, avoiding tobacco, and controlling risk factors like diabetes and high blood pressure. Treatment options depend on the specific disease but may include medication, surgery, lifestyle changes,
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Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries which narrows the arteries and reduces blood flow. Over time, plaque can rupture and form blood clots, completely blocking an artery and leading to a heart attack. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and lack of exercise. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications like heart attacks. Prevention strategies emphasize a healthy diet, exercise, not smoking, controlling cholesterol and blood pressure levels.
coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins by defining coronary circulation and explaining the importance of the coronary arteries in supplying blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD, and defines CAD as the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. The document covers the incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, and medical management of CAD.
Ischemic heart diseases 2
1) Ischemic heart disease results from an imbalance between the heart's demand for oxygenated blood and the supply delivered by the coronary arteries, usually due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup.
2) It manifests as stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death.
3) Myocardial infarction occurs when a blockage in a coronary artery results in prolonged ischemia and cell death in the heart muscle.
Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart due to plaque buildup in the arteries. The most common symptom is angina or chest pain, but other signs include shortness of breath, arm or shoulder pain, sweating, and dizziness. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and unhealthy habits. Diagnosis involves tests like an electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and cardiac catheterization. Treatment options are lifestyle changes, procedures like angioplasty and stents, or bypass surgery.
Coronary artery disease
This document discusses coronary heart disease (CHD), including its causes, risk factors, treatments, and dietary recommendations for management. The major points are:
1. CHD is caused by atherosclerosis, a slow, progressive buildup of plaque in the artery walls beginning in childhood. Over 58 million Americans have some form of CHD.
2. Major risk factors include age, family history, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, and abnormal blood lipids like high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol.
3. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet, weight management, physical activity, and medication like statins to lower LDL cholesterol levels and manage risk factors. The goal is
ischemic heart diseases
This document provides an overview of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the heart and coronary circulation. Ischemic heart disease is defined as a reduction in blood flow and oxygen delivery through the coronary arteries, usually due to plaque buildup. Risk factors include conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Angina pectoris is described as chest pain or discomfort due to myocardial ischemia. Treatment involves both medical approaches like medications and lifestyle changes as well as surgical procedures like CABG.
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD). It begins with an introduction to coronary circulation and the importance of the coronary arteries in delivering blood to the heart muscle. It then discusses atherosclerosis, the primary cause of CAD. CAD is defined as the narrowing of one or more coronary arteries due to atherosclerotic plaque buildup, reducing blood flow to the heart. Risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical management, and lifestyle changes are summarized. Nursing assessment and management of patients with CAD are also outlined.
IHD
Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries. The most common cause is atherosclerosis which narrows the arteries over time due to plaque buildup. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like exercise and diet, medications to reduce risk factors and surgery to open blocked arteries.
Coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease
Cardiovascular disease are becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and they are also emerging as prominent national health problem in developing countries.
Coronary artery disease has become the major cause of early death and disability in the population.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) can also be used interchangeably with the terms atherosclerotic heart disease or ischemic heart disease.
All of these terms imply insufficient perfusion of the coronary arteries from an abnormal narrowing of the vessels, leading to insufficient oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue.
The term coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease or Ischemic heart disease, is a condition refers to diseases of the heart that result from a decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle.
Non modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors
Contributing risk factors
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is a condition caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle. It occurs when there is an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand. The main coronary arteries supply blood to the heart and can become narrowed or blocked by atherosclerosis.
Risk factors include age, male sex, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Symptoms range from stable angina to acute coronary syndromes like heart attack. Diagnosis involves evaluating the medical history, symptoms, electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme levels. Treatment depends on the type and severity of coronary heart disease.
Coronary artery diseases.
The document discusses coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, usually due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits called plaques inside the arteries. CAD risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and more. Symptoms include chest pain or angina. Diagnosis involves tests like ECG, cardiac enzymes tests, stress tests, and angiography. Treatment involves lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, diet, exercise, as well as medications, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery, and in severe cases, management of chest pain and risk of decreased cardiac output.
Ischemia
This document discusses the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and infarction. It describes how myocardial oxygen demand can exceed supply, leading to ischemia. Factors that determine oxygen demand and supply are explored, including heart rate, contractility, wall tension, coronary blood flow, oxygen carrying capacity of blood, and autoregulatory resistance in arterioles. The progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque is summarized. Clinical syndromes like stable angina and acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and myocardial infarction) are defined and their presentations, diagnoses, and treatment approaches are overviewed.
Ischemic Heart disease
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also called coronary heart disease, is the leading cause of death in developed countries. It is caused by a reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to blockages in the coronary arteries, usually from atherosclerosis. The main risk factors for IHD are age, sex, family history, hypertension, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and stress. Symptoms include chest pain called angina and heart attacks. Diagnosis involves ECG and cardiac enzyme tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to reduce risk factors and chest pain, while procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery can restore blood flow. Regular exercise, diet, not smoking, and controlling conditions like diabetes
HYPERTENTION
High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal levels. There are two main types of hypertension - primary/essential hypertension which has no identifiable cause and occurs in 95% of hypertensive patients, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition and occurs in 5% of patients. Risk factors for developing hypertension include increasing age, family history, being overweight, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain chronic conditions. Symptoms of severe hypertension can include headaches, confusion, vision issues, chest pain, and difficulty breathing. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like diet changes and exercise as well as medications to lower blood pressure. Uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke
Coronary artery disease slide
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease. It is caused by plaque buildup in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This restricts blood flow and oxygen supply to heart muscle. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort known as angina. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, stress tests, imaging like angiography and echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to control symptoms and risk factors as well as procedures like angioplasty and stents to open blocked arteries. High dose thiamine injections showed promise in curing CAD in one research study. Proper management can help cure angina and allow those with CAD to live long, productive lives
Ischaemic heart diseases
Coronary artery Disease [CAD] is the most common , serious, chronic life threatening diseases in the USA.
More than 11 million Persons have CAD in USA.
Myocardial Ischemia [Reduced blood & oxygen supply to Heart Muscle ], Caused by
Lack of oxygen due to Inadequate perfusion which result from an Imbalance
Between oxygen supply & Demand.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a narrowing of the coronary arteries that limits blood flow to the heart. It is usually caused by atherosclerosis and can damage the heart muscle if not treated. CAD affects Indians at a younger age and with greater frequency than other populations. It is the leading cause of death in many countries. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Ayurveda describes CAD and focuses on diet, emotions, and herbs like Arjuna, garlic, and Tribulus terrestris in management. Lifestyle changes like a low-fat diet, exercise, and stress reduction are emphasized.
Ischemic Heart Disease(IHD)
1. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is caused by an imbalance between the heart's oxygen supply and demand, and is commonly seen in middle-aged men and post-menopausal women.
2. The major cause is coronary atherosclerosis, which causes plaque buildup in the coronary arteries and can lead to conditions like angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden cardiac death.
3. Acute MI occurs when a coronary artery becomes blocked, causing localized heart muscle cell death from lack of oxygen. It is a medical emergency characterized by chest pain and changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac enzyme levels.
Coronary heart disease
This document provides an overview of coronary heart disease (CHD). It defines CHD as a disease involving the coronary arteries that supply the heart with blood. The main types of CHD discussed are arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. Risk factors for CHD include smoking, diet, high blood pressure, stress, and physical inactivity. Diagnosis of CHD involves tests like electrocardiograms, stress tests, and angiograms. The document emphasizes prevention through a healthy lifestyle with a good diet, exercise, not smoking, and controlling conditions like high blood pressure.
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This document summarizes ischemic heart disease and coronary artery disease. It discusses the coronary circulation and arteries, myocardial ischemia, coronary artery diseases including angina and myocardial infarction. It covers causes such as atherosclerosis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnoses using tests like ECG, treatment including medications, angioplasty, bypass surgery and prevention strategies.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system involves the circulation of blood throughout the body. The circulatory system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart pumps blood through the arteries which branch into smaller vessels and capillaries to supply tissues with oxygen and nutrients and remove waste. There are several diseases that can affect the heart including angina, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. These diseases are generally preventable through lifestyle modifications like a healthy diet, exercise, avoiding tobacco, and controlling risk factors like diabetes and high blood pressure. Treatment options depend on the specific disease but may include medication, surgery, lifestyle changes,
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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to reduced blood flow. CVD includes numerous conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, congenital heart disease, and others. Risk factors for CVD include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, and family history of early heart disease. CVD can be prevented by treating risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle through diet, exercise, not smoking, and managing conditions like diabetes.
CONTENT.pptx
This document discusses coronary heart disease, which occurs when cholesterol builds up in the arteries of the heart. It can cause the arteries to narrow and reduce blood flow to the heart. The main type is atherosclerosis. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, lack of exercise, and diabetes. Symptoms may include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests like an electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications, procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery. Prevention focuses on managing cholesterol, blood pressure, weight, and avoiding tobacco.
Cardiovascular Diseases.pptx
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term encompassing various heart and blood vessel conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to narrowed and blocked arteries. Several risk factors contribute to CVD, such as an unhealthy lifestyle, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, family history, age, and physical inactivity. Preventive measures involve adopting a healthy lifestyle, managing risk factors through medications and regular check-ups, and considering medical procedures when necessary. Awareness of CVD's impact on health, coupled with early intervention and lifestyle changes, can significantly reduce the burden of this life-threatening condition.
Weblink: https://www.edhacare.com/blogs/exercise-reducing-cardiovascular-diseases/
Coronary artery disease & its prevention
this article discusses about coronary artery disease, its symptoms, presentations, risk factors, pathophysiology in short and primary prevention. this article is intended to present to a group of physicians in various disciplines other than cardiology.
Ischemic Heart Disease.ppt
This document summarizes ischemic heart disease, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Ischemic heart disease is caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries which reduces blood flow and oxygen to the heart. It is usually due to atherosclerosis from risk factors like smoking, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves ECG, stress test, and angiogram. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery to improve symptoms and prognosis.
coronary artery disease
This document discusses the nursing management of patients with cardiovascular diseases and conditions. It covers ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure, valvular heart diseases, congenital heart diseases, hypertension, and other cardiac issues. Specific focus is given to coronary artery disease/ischemic heart disease, including its definition, risk factors like smoking and diabetes, pathophysiology involving atherosclerosis and plaque formation, methods of prevention and restoration of blood flow like PCI, and medical therapies including aspirin, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and nitrates. Surgical options like PTCA, stenting, atherectomy, and CABG are also mentioned.
The heart
The heart is a four-chambered organ located in the upper left chest cavity that pumps blood throughout the body to distribute oxygen and nutrients. Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart, usually due to coronary artery disease. It is treated with medications like nitroglycerin, beta blockers, and calcium channel blockers to reduce the heart's workload and oxygen needs. Myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, damaging heart muscle. It causes chest pain or discomfort and is usually due to coronary artery disease.
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching heart muscle tissue. Over time, plaque can build up in the coronary arteries and restrict blood flow, potentially causing a heart attack. Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea and more. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through clot-busting drugs or angioplasty to limit heart muscle damage. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, eating healthy, and exercise can help prevent heart attacks.
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching heart muscle tissue. Over time, plaque can build up in the coronary arteries and restrict blood flow, potentially causing a heart attack. Symptoms of a heart attack include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea and more. Treatment focuses on restoring blood flow through clot-busting drugs or angioplasty to limit heart muscle damage. Lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, eating healthy, and exercise can help prevent heart attacks.
heart-attack...final powerpoint presentation.pptx
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart is reduced or cut off, depriving heart muscle of oxygen. This is usually due to a buildup of plaque in the arteries. When plaque ruptures, a clot can form, blocking blood flow and causing a heart attack. Symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath. Treatment involves medications to dissolve clots and prevent new ones, as well as procedures like angioplasty and bypass surgery to reopen blocked arteries. Lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, stress reduction and not smoking can help prevent future heart attacks.
Coronary Artery Diseases (CAD)
Coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction occur when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart. The document discusses the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic tests, types of angina, and management of acute coronary syndromes including unstable angina, non-ST elevation MI, and ST elevation MI. Treatment focuses on pain relief, oxygenation, reducing cardiac work and complications through medications, thrombolytic therapy if given early, and potentially angioplasty or stenting.
Cardiovascular pcii
Atherosclerosis is a condition where fatty deposits build up in the arteries, restricting blood flow. It can lead to cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes and medications to control cholesterol and blood pressure in order to slow the progression of the disease.
7 Common Atherosclerosis Symptoms | The Lifesciences Magazine
Common Atherosclerosis Symptoms: 1. Chest Pain (Angina) 2. Shortness of Breath 3. Fatigue and Weakness 4. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) 5. Erectile Dysfunction
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them and reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common type of heart disease and leading cause of death in the US. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking, high cholesterol, diabetes, and physical inactivity. Over time, plaque buildup can severely block coronary arteries and cause chest pain, heart attack, or death. Diagnosis involves ECG, cardiac catheterization, and blood tests. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, and quitting smoking as well as cholesterol-lowering drugs, angioplasty, stents, or bypass surgery to improve blood flow.
Cardiovascular Disease.pptx
Coronary artery disease is caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Risk factors include smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and a sedentary lifestyle. Symptoms include chest pain and discomfort. Diagnosis involves tests like ECG, stress test, echocardiogram and angiogram. Treatment options include medications to manage symptoms, angioplasty and stent placement, or coronary artery bypass surgery. Nursing care focuses on education, lifestyle changes, and managing symptoms and risk factors.
CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) involves the heart and blood vessels. The most common type is coronary artery disease, which causes heart attacks and angina. CVD can be caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in arteries due to conditions like high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, it is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable through lifestyle changes like quitting smoking, healthy diet and exercise. Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is blocked or reduced, and is a medical emergency. The two main types are ischemic, caused by clots, and hemorrhagic, caused by bleeding. Transient ischemic attacks are mini-strokes that resolve
Lect 2 angina
Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This limits blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart, which can cause angina chest pain. Angina comes in different forms like stable angina brought on by exertion or unstable angina occurring at rest. Treatment involves medications to relieve symptoms, open arteries, and prevent clots, as well as lifestyle changes and potentially surgery. Left untreated, angina and CAD can progress to a heart attack.
Similar to Ischaemic heart disease (20)
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels
The cardiovascular system is made up of the heart and blood vessels
7 Common Atherosclerosis Symptoms | The Lifesciences Magazine
7 Common Atherosclerosis Symptoms | The Lifesciences Magazine
CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
CHAPTER12CardiovascularDisease,Diabetes,andCancerC
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Ischaemic heart disease
- 2. Coronary Heart Disease {CAD} The reduction of blood flow to the heart [Atherosclerosis] in the arteries of heart. It is the most common of the cardiovascular disease. Types includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infraction and sudden cardiac death. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn.
- 3. StableAngina Characterised by central chest pain, discomfort or breathlessness that is precipitated by exertion or other forms of stress and is promptly relieved by rest. Activities precipitating angina Physical exertion Cold exposure Heavy meals Intense emotion
- 4. Pathophysiology Limitation of blood flow to the heart causes ischemia (shortage of oxygen) and is called as myocardial infraction (commonly referred to as a heart attack). It leads to damage, death, and eventual scarring of the heart muscle without regrowth of heart muscle cells. The artery’s lining becomes hardened, stiffened and accumulates deposits of calcium, fatty lipids, and abnormal inflammatory cells – to form a plaque. A more severe form is chronic total occlusion (CTO) when a coronary artery is completely obstructed for more than 3 months.
- 5. Diagrammatic representation The other terms for this condition is hardening of the arteries and narrowing of the arteries.
- 6. Symptoms Pain in the cardinal Prolonged cardiac pain: chest, throat, arms, epigastrium Anxiety and fear of impending death Nausea and vomiting Pale skin Leg swelling
- 7. Risk factors High blood pressure Smoking Diabetes Lack of exercise Obesity High blood cholesterol Poor diet Depression Excessive alcohol
- 8. In 2015,CAD affected 110 million people andresulted in 8.9 million deaths. The risk of CAD death decreased between 1980 and 2010, especially in developed countries. In the United States in 2010, about 20% are above 65 have been affected by CAD while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64 age groups, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45. Rates were higher among men than women of a given age. It makes up 15.6% of all deaths, making it the most common cause of death globally.
- 9. Prevention Up to 90% of cardiovascular disease be preventable if established risk factors are avoided. Prevention involves adequate physical exercise, decreasing obesity, treating high blood pressure, eating a healthy diet, decreasing cholesterol levels, and stop smoking. Medications and exercise are roughly equally effective. High levels of physical activity reduce the risk of coronary artery disease by about 25%.
- 10. Secondary prevention Weight control Avoiding the consumption of trans fats Decreasing psychosocial stress Exercise Aerobic exercise like walking, jogging, or swimming can reduce the risk of mortality from coronary artery disease. Aerobic exercise can help decrease (LDL) and increases (HDL).
- 11. Treatment There are a number of treatment options for coronary artery disease; Lifestyle changes Medical treatment- drugs (example.., cholesterol lowering medications, beta-blockers, nitro-glycerine, calcium channel blockers, etc) Coronary interventions as angioplasty and coronary tent. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin.
- 12. Research Research efforts are focused on new angiogenic treatment and various adult stem cell therapies. A region on chromosome 17 was confined to families with multiple cases of myocardial infraction. Numerous clinical trials were performed, either applying protein therapies or cell therapies using different kinds of adult stem cell populations. Research is still going on….. Myeloperoxidase has been proposed as a biomarker.
- 13. Thank you