India is critically dependent on energy imports which makes it vulnerable to rising energy prices. Biofuels offer an attractive way to boost domestic energy supplies as India currently imports almost 70% of its fossil fuel requirements. However, progress on biofuel blending has been patchy due to rising raw material costs and inconsistent government policies. Despite the challenges, transport sector biofuels remain an important option to enhance energy security if a consistent policy framework can be established.
Economic Potential And Relevance Of Biofuel Program In IndiaPhani Mohan K
In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. With 2007 net imports of 1.8 million bbl/d, India is currently dependent on imports for 68 percent of its oil consumption.EIA expects India to become the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025. Unless GOI supports Ethanol Blending program it remains as a vision itself not translating in to action.
Economic Potential And Relevance Of Biofuel Program In IndiaPhani Mohan K
In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. With 2007 net imports of 1.8 million bbl/d, India is currently dependent on imports for 68 percent of its oil consumption.EIA expects India to become the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025. Unless GOI supports Ethanol Blending program it remains as a vision itself not translating in to action.
Roman Zenon Dawidowicz | Biodiesel Supply and Price Trend in GlobalRoman Zenon Dawidowicz
As of mid-2015,164 countries around the world have adopted at least one type of renewable energy target, up almost four-fold from 43 countries in 2005.
As gloomy as it may appear now with Gasoil below $600/mt, the biofuels story is far from dead as mandates are still increasing globally in Brazil, Argentina, Korea and perhaps Indonesia.
Roman Dawidowicz
mobile +65 9628 8735
With the enormity of building a clear Path & Strategy to put India in the big league of Production, Trade and Usage, the Policy has consistently fallen short past 17 years.
Reasons being very many, the failure in identifying and building support mechanism for growth of proper feedstocks and yields, Subsidising and incentivising supply chains in Feedstock development, Building proper dispensation and storage infrastructure, developing markets and price mechanism for feedstock and Biofuels, bringing accountability for non-compliance by players like Automobile Manufacturers, Oil Corporate, Fleet owners, Transport operators, State Governments etc.
Without political will and Uniform policy across states and implementation failure in marine, inland waterways, aviation along with road sector has not enabled the sector to maximise scale nor move into next-gen technological development.
EBP THE ECONOMICS AND DYNAMICS FOR INDIAPhani Mohan K
The attached document on EBP comprehensively looks at the game-changing opportunities for Indian states.
The perspective is being shared for having a realistic understanding and what can undermine the potentiality.
EBP has been my dream since 2003 and I ardently propagate Biofuels and judiciously study and share on various platforms.
Energy storage batteries are offering extended lead battery cycle life. The choices energy companies make will be driven by price, safety, reliability and sustainability. The growing debate about the recycling of batteries, and in particular the source of materials used in their production, is becoming more pertinent. As governments grapple with the policy implications of eliminating greenhouse gases and creating a non-toxic environment, it is the latest application of an older technology, one which has stood the test of time, which is set to help propel the renewable energy revolution forward. We have exclusive technology to rejuenavate batteries and extend their life which is an environmental friendly bringing down carbon footprint and cost effective bringing down Capex. With today’s “Green Energy” concerns in mind, this is a process that would be categorized as eco-friendly. There are no chemicals to be added to the battery or unnecessary disposal of battery cells by way of regenerating them back to a useful state that is 80% of its original capacity (+/- 10%).The capacity of a battery determines how long your battery can power your tool between charges (this is called runtime). The greater the capacity the greater the runtime. Capacity is measured in Ah or mAh, our service improves Ah manifold.
Roman Zenon Dawidowicz | Biodiesel Supply and Price Trend in GlobalRoman Zenon Dawidowicz
As of mid-2015,164 countries around the world have adopted at least one type of renewable energy target, up almost four-fold from 43 countries in 2005.
As gloomy as it may appear now with Gasoil below $600/mt, the biofuels story is far from dead as mandates are still increasing globally in Brazil, Argentina, Korea and perhaps Indonesia.
Roman Dawidowicz
mobile +65 9628 8735
With the enormity of building a clear Path & Strategy to put India in the big league of Production, Trade and Usage, the Policy has consistently fallen short past 17 years.
Reasons being very many, the failure in identifying and building support mechanism for growth of proper feedstocks and yields, Subsidising and incentivising supply chains in Feedstock development, Building proper dispensation and storage infrastructure, developing markets and price mechanism for feedstock and Biofuels, bringing accountability for non-compliance by players like Automobile Manufacturers, Oil Corporate, Fleet owners, Transport operators, State Governments etc.
Without political will and Uniform policy across states and implementation failure in marine, inland waterways, aviation along with road sector has not enabled the sector to maximise scale nor move into next-gen technological development.
EBP THE ECONOMICS AND DYNAMICS FOR INDIAPhani Mohan K
The attached document on EBP comprehensively looks at the game-changing opportunities for Indian states.
The perspective is being shared for having a realistic understanding and what can undermine the potentiality.
EBP has been my dream since 2003 and I ardently propagate Biofuels and judiciously study and share on various platforms.
Energy storage batteries are offering extended lead battery cycle life. The choices energy companies make will be driven by price, safety, reliability and sustainability. The growing debate about the recycling of batteries, and in particular the source of materials used in their production, is becoming more pertinent. As governments grapple with the policy implications of eliminating greenhouse gases and creating a non-toxic environment, it is the latest application of an older technology, one which has stood the test of time, which is set to help propel the renewable energy revolution forward. We have exclusive technology to rejuenavate batteries and extend their life which is an environmental friendly bringing down carbon footprint and cost effective bringing down Capex. With today’s “Green Energy” concerns in mind, this is a process that would be categorized as eco-friendly. There are no chemicals to be added to the battery or unnecessary disposal of battery cells by way of regenerating them back to a useful state that is 80% of its original capacity (+/- 10%).The capacity of a battery determines how long your battery can power your tool between charges (this is called runtime). The greater the capacity the greater the runtime. Capacity is measured in Ah or mAh, our service improves Ah manifold.
AP is moving towards decarbonising its vehicular emissions in 4 wheeler and 2 wheeler segment. this is a proposition for 3 wheeler E-rickshaw which is quite popular in Delhi and could be replicated in AP as is used by common people as low-cost alternative and mass transit for Road.
Energy cane for Biofuel (Biodiesel) productionPhani Mohan K
Energy cane has large potential to ensure continuous supply of raw materials for biofuel industries throughout the year. The energy need of the country is expected to be more than 200% during 2030. In addition, India’s economy is rural based and one of the developmental parameter is the availability of power. It is estimated that establishment of 10MW/hr power industry requires about 700 of bagasse with 50% moisture per day. This power plant requires 3,700 ha of energycane plantation with average harvestable biomass potential of 150t/ha for uninterrupted supply of feedstock throughout the year.
The thermo chemical process uses high temperatures to transform this feedstock into a synthesis gas. This gas is then transformed into different types of liquid or gaseous fuels, called “synthetic fuels” (such as BTLdiesel and bio-SNG). The future scenarios analyse two technology pathways for analysis i) cellulosic ethanol into ethanol and ii) BTL-diesel using the Fischer-Tropsch process.
Future would depend on second-generation biofuels: The future of biofuels lies with second generation biofuels for two reasons: resource constraints and the lack of biomass. Availability of biomass: Despite having high potential for supplying several different types of feedstock (particularly agricultural residues), India struggles to ramp up feedstock collection to levels needed to meet the growing domestic bioenergy demand. Our conservative estimates of future crop residue supply suggest that India has the biomass resources to produce approximately 50 billion litres of biofuels from second-generation sources in 2030–31, which will be sufficient to meet the 20 percent nation-wide blending target. Therefore, it is critically important to establish a proper mechanism for collection; transportation and handling of biomass feedstock, allowing the country become a player in second-generation biofuels production.
Sugarcane biofuels have a lot of potential as first generation fuel for Blending(EBP) to be a game changer in curtailing growing Hydrocarbon imports into India and also minimising emissions as oxygenate.
Incentives and disincentives for reducing sugar in manufactured foods Phani Mohan K
The amount of free sugars consumed in Europe exceeds levels recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). A significant proportion of free sugars in the diet comes from manufactured foods, such as baked goods, breakfast cereals and sugary drinks. Excess sugar intake increases the risk of weight gain and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and is one of the major challenges in Europe in relation to the promotion of healthy diets. Yet the high free sugars content of certain manufactured products and the significant variation in composition, within product categories and between countries, indicate that there is significant scope to reduce the amount of sugar added to manufactured foods.
Stress can seriously affect our body and mind. Everyone feels stressed from time to time. Some people may cope with stress more effectively or recover from stressful events more quickly than others
Polyols are a group of low-digestible carbohydrates derived from the hydrogenation of their sugar or syrup source (e.g., lactitol from lactose). These unique sweeteners taste like sugar but have special advantages. Polyols serve as useful sugar replacers in a wide range of products as part of a sugar free diet. These sugar free foods and products include chewing gums, candies, ice cream, baked goods and fruit spreads. In addition, they function well in fillings and frostings, canned fruits, beverages, yogurt and tabletop sweeteners. They are also used in toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceutical products such as cough syrups and throat lozenges.
Concept note on 100 Indian smart citiesPhani Mohan K
The 35-page blue print includes various suggestions on operational procedures, approval process for proposals, nature and extent of Central Government support on financing, capacity building, which would be useful for further discussions.
It outlines in detail about the several facilities that would be developed in smart cities including reliable utility services,efficient social infrastructure and a smart transport system, which would restrict the travel time within the city to 30 to 45 minutes, 100 per cent coverage of road network with storm water drainage network and 100 per cent access to toilets.
All smart cities will need to have a master plan valid for the next 10 years in addition to having digitised spatial maps, regularly updated open data platforms, amongst other benchmarks specified in the Annexures of the concept note.
Physical infrastructure such as the urban mobility system, the housing stock, energy system, water supply system, drainage system, solid waste management and sewerage system etc will have to be integrated through the use of geospatial technology.
Universal access to electricity and water 24 X 7 will be a given.
The municipal offices will have to be fully automated so that citizens have the ability to seek and the municipal offices the ability to deliver services in real time, through IT based facilities.
In terms of social infrastructure, good and high quality education, healthcare and entertainment services are essential.
Adoption of energy-efficient and environmentally benign practices in the use of building material, transport system, sewerage and water supply systems, street lighting, air-conditioning systems and energy consumption in buildings will be non-negotiable.
The document also states that a city having a population of up to 40 lakh or more, cities of tourist and religious importance and select cities which have a population of less than 10 lakh and all state and union territory capitals will get an opportunity to nominate a satellite city for the “Smart City” project.
“In Delhi, it is being proposed that DDA will develop a new smart city through the land pooling scheme as a demonstratively and the NDMC area may be considered for demonstrating all the components of smart cities,” the note says.
While a strong citizen participation in decision-making will be crucial for smart cities, a principle of ‘governance by incentives rather than governance by enforcement’ has to be adopted.
A national urbanization policy would be crucial for guiding the national government financial support to smart cities.
The release of concept note is followed by a National Conclave of States and Union Territories, which is being held on Friday, September 12 to invite suggestions on the blue print.
Suicides are preventable. Even so, every 40 seconds a person dies by suicide somewhere in the world and many more attempt suicide. Suicides occur in all regions of the world and throughout the lifespan. Notably, among young people 15-29 years of age, suicide is the second leading cause of death globally.
Guidelines for Planning and Construction of Roads in cyclone Prone AreasPhani Mohan K
National Disaster Management Authority approached CSIR- CRRI to prepare the ‘Guidelines for Planning and Construction of Roads in Cyclone Prone Areas’.
This task was jointly undertaken by a team from Geotechnical Engg Division and Bridges and Structures Division of CSIR-CRRI.
India’s urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this proportion to over 60% before it begins to stabilize. As such, it is projected that India’s urban population would grow to about 473 million in 2021 and 820 million by 2051, as against only 285 million in 2001. Hence, cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban population.
Fire safety review of interior materials in buses Phani Mohan K
A number of bus interior materials are reviewed for fire safety. Data is presented from fire tests made on three seats, eleven wall and ceiling materials and two floor systems coming from modern buses and coaches with a mass more than five tons and with more than 22 passenger seats.
All materials were tested in the presently required simple horizontal flame spread fire test for buses and coaches in Europe and also in several modern state-of-the-art fire test methods used for other applications such as trains, ships and buildings. The tests were evaluating flame spread behaviour, heat- and smoke release rates, ignition resistance and generation of toxic gases.
The test results are compared with existing criteria for other applications and the present level of fire safety is discussed. The main conclusion is that the present horizontal fire test does not provide a sufficiently high fire safety level in the passenger compartment of buses and is not able to distinguish between different product fire performance. A short review of other research within the same area shows that several publications have come to the same conclusion.
This report is presenting working package two (WP2) out of eight in a project called “Fire safety in buses”.
The level of development of a state is likely to be the consequence of a complex set of historical, cultural, and sociological factors. An explicit government objective was to have a more egalitarian society, coupled with balanced development of different regions. Despite taking a number of steps to reduce the regional disparities, substantial differences in development still exist between states. In order to address this issue, the Government in May 2013, decided to constitute an Expert Committee to consider backwardness of the States for evolving a Composite Development Index of States.
There is increasing need for Farm safety in India.
with Industry moving towards more mechanisation and minimal labour availability its for Industry to enhance the worker safety in field, logistics(both Transportation and Harvesting)
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
ISCCT Thailand Indian ethanol program
1. • India is Critically dependent on energy imports.
This makes the region very vulnerable to rises
in energy prices and the last two years have
brought hardship to Citizens.
• "However, progress on blending so far has been
Patchy because of rising raw material costs and
inconsistent government policies.”
• Despite this, biofuels for the transport sector
offers an attractive way of boosting domestic
energy supplies. Currently, we import almost
70% of our fossil fuel requirements and had
remitted about Rs 1,170,000 Million in 2004-05
Barrel= 117 lts
3
2. TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN INDIA IS ONE OF THE LARGEST IN THE WORLD AND SERVES A LAND AREA OF 3.3 MILLION SQUARE KM AND A
POPULATION OF OVER ONE BILLION.
IT CONSISTS MAINLY OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, AND AIR SERVICES. GIVEN ITS LONG COASTLINE OF APPROXIMATELY 7 517 KM, INDIA HAS
A HUB OF OVER 150 SEAPORTS WITH INLAND WATER TRANSPORT PLAYING A SMALL SUPPLEMENTARY ROLE IN A FEW STATES.
450 MMT OUT OF 1100 MMT OF CO2 EMISSIONS IN INDIA FROM FOSSIL FUELS (POL).
INDIA 5TH LARGEST EMITTER OF CO2 IN THE WORLD AFTER USA (5800MT), CHINA (4732 MT), RUSSIA (1529 MT) & JAPAN (1215 MT).
GROWTH OF CONSUMPTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IN THE XTH PLAN WAS 2.6% ANNUALLY, WHEN THE ECONOMY IS GROWING AT
8% PER ANNUM.
PROJECTED GROWTH RATE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FOR INDIA IS 2.4% PER ANNUM TILL 2030.
2
3. Gasoline Substitution
Potential
Cities Estimated Gasoline Ethanol substitution
Consumption 5% 10%
(in million liters) (in million liters)
Delhi 750 37.5 75
Calcutta 200 10.0 20
Mumbai 180 9.0 18
Bangalore 220 11.0 22
TOTAL 1350 67.5 135
3
4. Ethanol Production and Distribution Million
Litres.
Calendar Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Opening stock 483 747 1396 1673 1283 1085 1049
Production 1898 2398 2150 1073 1435 1934 2130
Imports 29 15 70 320 150 50 100
Total Supply 2410 3160 3616 3066 2868 3069 3279
Exports 24 14 3 3 3 10 10
Consumption
Industrial Use 619 650 700 700 720 750 775
Potable Liquor 745 800 850 880 900 950 1010
Blended Petrol 200 200 280 100 50 250 300
Other Use 75 100 110 100 110 110 110
Total Consumption 1639 1750 1940 1780 1780 2010 2095
Ending Stocks 747 1396 1673 1283 1085 999 1024
Total Distribution 2410 3160 3616 3066 2868 3069 3279
4
5. All India Distillers Association
• As per the All India Distillers Association, the present installed capacity of
alcohol production in the country is 2900 million liters.
• The present consumption of gasoline is estimated at 8.5 million tons
requiring 502 million litres for 5% blend.
• The industry expects that the present capacity able to meet the blending
requirement of the gasoline till the end of the Tenth Plan with the
terminal year’s gasoline consumption at 11.6 million tons needing 682
million liters of ethanol for blending where 823 million liters will be
surplus from the production of 2300 million liters of alcohol.
5
6. Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP)
POLICY OUTCOME
Jan 2003 - MoPNG made Partially Implemented due to low sugar production in 2003-04 and
5% blending mandatory 2004-05.
across
9 states & 5 UT. OMC contracted 1.4 billion litres at Rs.21.50/lt from Nov 2006 to
Sep 2006 – Resurgence of Nov 2009. 540 Million lt supplied till April 2009. GOI deferred
Crop in 2005-06 & implementation due to short supply in 2007-08.
2006-07 made GOI
mandate 5% blending GOI deferred implementation due short supply of cane and
mandatory across 20 molasses in 2008-09.
states & 8 UT.
Sep 2008 – Cabinet Unable to implement 5% blend, achieving 10% seems too distant
approved National Biofuel vision…
Policy with 5% becoming
mandatory.
The Third Phase of EBP
envisaged blending
enhanced to 10% with
target of 20% by 2017.
Cont ….
6
7. Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP)
Sugar Ethanol
Production Program
Petroleum Ministry continued to pursue implementation by the Ethanol
Blended Petrol programme during the year. Though faced with
Sugar production in India shortage of supply by ethanol manufacturers, the OMCs still managed
is estimated at 25-26 to procure 361.9Million litres of ethanol during the supply cycle
million tons in this October, 2010 to September 2011 for blending with petrol at the level
marketing year. The of 5 % against 558.7 Million litres committed by them.
country’s annual demand
is 22 mt. Besides non-supply of sufficient quantity by ethanol manufacturers, the
programme also faced the challenge of state specific issues in some
states.
In 2008-09 and 2009-10,
sugar production was The OMCs further issued tender notice to seek supply of 1010 Million
below domestic litres of ethanol in the annual season commencing October 2011.
consumption, at 14.53 mt However, the response by the ethanol manufacturer’s accounts for
and nearly 19 mt, only about 60% ethanol needed for 5% EBP in the notified States/UTs.
respectively.
7
8. Alcohol storage infrastructure
1. India has to strategically link truck, rail and storage stakeholders to seamlessly bring
ethanol from production point to final destination.
3. "By bringing all of the key players of the ethanol transportation industry together, we
can provide a truly unique service to ethanol customers throughout the country.
This will allow us to help solve many of the challenges facing this growing and exciting
industry.
5. This can only happen if there is Compliance to Common quality specification and
Analysis. Logistic infrastructure is critical for both Domestic blending programs as
well for exporting the commodity to overseas market.
7. Unlike petroleum products such as oil and natural gas, ethanol cannot be distributed
through pipelines due to its hygroscopic nature. As a result, ethanol moves from
production to market by utilizing truck, rail and barge transportation services along
with transload/storage facilities(Multimode).
9. The key to effectively manage the logistics of the ethanol industry is to coordinate this
unique movement of product.
Cont ….
8
9. Alcohol storage
infrastructure
1. Ethyl alcohol should be stored in an aboveground floating roof tank if the
tank is over 150 000 Litres in size and if the ambient temperature exceeds
30 °C for more than 30 days of the year.
2. For fire protection, do NOT use water. Use foam, CO2, or dry chemical. Water will
spread a fire.
3. If less than 150 000 Litres tank, use nitrogen pad or vent drier to keep the ethyl
alcohol from absorbing too much water; it is a very hygroscopic product.
4. Denatured ethyl alcohol has a bad odor. Keep operations at a distance from the
property line.
5. Health effects are not severe unless the concentration of vapor in the air exceeds
5000 ppm. Therefore, inhalation protection is not necessary for typical operations.
6. Do not let vapors accumulate in an area or downwind as a spark can cause a
"flashback" to the tank or loading rack.
7. For blending of denaturing agent, make sure that you utilized a blender that makes a
uniform mixture.
8. Butyl hoses are preferable to rubber hoses for transfer.
11
10. Road Ahead … GOI
Support
The success of EBP lies if there is Comprehensive policy across India.
The uniformity should help erase clash of State/Centre promulgations…
GOI should subsidise EBP as Ethanol is basic building block for whole lot of green Chemicals
and Bioplastics…
GOI should consider allowing Juice to Ethanol route as it would also minimize Pollution (in
select locales where there is abundant cane).
India has to invest in Green Chemistry aggressively and present support from MNRE is almost
NIL…
To cater to Rail, Air and Water transport blending apart to Road, India has to develop multi
feedstock and GOI has not focused at all on this front…
Second Generation technologies manufacturing is costlier and unless Commercial viability
visible, none would come forward …
Industry is to voice Urban health hazards from tail pipe emissions more vociferously …
12
India's growing Energy requirements are handicap for Social development and unless it emerges self reliant in Biofuels to minimise this impact it would continue to see reverses in growth as visible now…
Some facts on Transport emissions and Petroleum consumption derived from SIAM & PCRA.
Major Consumption of Petrol is in the Metropolis and here we have considered Delhi, Calcutta, Mumbai and Bangalore. Passenger, Two Wheeler and three wheeler vehicles enhancement is cause of major Tail pipe emissions.
India's production and Consumption stats derived from Industry by USDA.
AIDA is the national body for Alcohol producers and it states present distillation capacity will be able to meet the blending requirement of the gasoline till the end of the Tenth Plan …
Oscillating Sugar production and lack of supplies due to cost are hurting EBP implementation…
Progress from 2003 to 2012 on EBP suggests that unless GOI supports with Incentives and Price, EBP program would continue to lag…
India is not geared to moving large volumes of Ethanol both Domestically and Overseas, GOI should focus on Infrastructure setup…
Alcohol storage requires Special infrastructure as its Hygroscopic and highly flammable in Nature.
Policy Support with Incentives is key to Success of EBP…
Stats derived from PCRA, CIA World Book, SIAM India, ,EIA… Alcohol has become one of the major revenue stream contributing around 25% of net revenue . Future potential and scale is enormous, with several Technological developments...