1. Pakistan has introduced E-10 ethanol blended fuel which will be sold at Rs. 2.4 per liter less than regular petrol. E-10 contains 10% ethanol blended with gasoline.
2. Ethanol can be produced from agricultural waste and residues through fermentation and distillation processes. It is a renewable fuel that can help reduce Pakistan's oil consumption and dependence on imports.
3. Challenges include some older vehicles not being compatible with E10 and potential engine problems. However, with proper monitoring E10 can provide environmental and energy security benefits if adopted widely in Pakistan.
This document contains 60 questions related to organic chemistry concepts like alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, etc. The questions cover topics like relative acidities, reactivities, mechanisms of reactions, effect of substituents, physical properties and their relationship to molecular structure. Answers provided explain the concepts in brief.
This document discusses various concepts in organic chemistry related to alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and aromatic compounds. Some key points covered include:
1. The bond angle in alcohols is less than tetrahedral due to repulsion between oxygen's lone pairs. Branched alcohols have lower boiling points than straight-chain alcohols due to decreased intermolecular forces.
2. Phenol is a stronger acid than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion. Ethers have lower boiling points than alcohols due to the absence of hydrogen bonding.
3.
Chapter 12 aldehydes ketones and carboxylic_acidssuresh gdvm
This document contains sample questions and answers about aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids from Class XII Chemistry Chapter 12. The questions cover defining and giving examples of reaction types, naming compounds using IUPAC nomenclature, drawing structures of derivatives, predicting reaction products, and converting between related compounds.
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are organic compounds with different structures and physical properties. Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group and have general formula R-OH. Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Ethers have an oxygen atom connected to two hydrocarbon groups. These compounds differ in their solubility, boiling points, and medical and industrial applications due to their varying abilities to form intermolecular bonds like hydrogen bonds. Their structures also determine IUPAC nomenclature rules for systematic naming.
N.S. EPC Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. incorporated entity (erstwhile brand of N.S. Consultants) founded by Sushil Sharma and N. Nagaraja in 2005. Presently Mr. Sushil Sharma being the Executive Director & CEO of the Company joined by Mr. B.B.Pathak- Director-Operations & Principal Consultant, Er. Archit Sharma- Director-Technical and Ms. Aadya Sharma- Director-HR came stakeholder as well. It is a leading EPC company providing solutions and consultancy for Ethanol Plants in India. The company is having best team composition for grain-based distillery. Consultancy Advisory of the company will facilitate the ‘Improved Profit Margin’ of the Ethanol Plants in India. For any service related to the manufacturing of Ethanol plant, we will be happy to help and serve you for improved margins with improved output at the most optimized cost. The company is into Engineering, Procurement, and Construction and have been leading the change in providing ‘Green Energy Solutions’ to an extensive and diverse array of Industry. Well equipped with large infrastructure, vast experience, and expertise we have a proven track record in undertaking large turnkey projects and a variety of integrated comprehensive designs to deliver solutions to diverse Polymers, Chemical, and Process Industries with a major emphasis on the continuous improvement, development, and application of Biodegradable Products Biofuels, Bioethanol, and Biomass driven processes. As turnkey project suppliers, the company provided ‘Single-Point Solutions Provider’ for the entire spectrum of the plant design and build – right from evaluation, assessment, planning of business opportunities, and financing to Pre-Construction feasibility studies for complete Installation including Commissioning, Operation & Maintenance assistance.https://nsepc.in, #ethanolconsultantsindia
#EthanolEPCcompaniesIndia
#EthanolplantConsultants
#GrainbasedDistilleryConsultants
#ProfitmargininethanolplantinIndia
#EthanolplantmanufacturersinIndia
Set Up Grain and Molasses-Based Ethanol Distillery- Government Approves Schem...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Set Up Grain and Molasses-Based Ethanol Distillery- Government Approves Scheme for Increasing Ethanol Production.
Cabinet Approves Scheme for Increasing Ethanol Production
The govt’s move will help bear the interest of loans taken for setting up ethanol distilleries for a period of 5 years
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on Wednesday approved a modified scheme for extending interest subvention for those setting up grain-based along with molasses-based ethanol distilleries.
The total outlay of the scheme is Rs. 8,460 crore for increasing India’s ethanol production capacity, with the scheme extended to those setting up distilleries using grain, molasses, dual feed, sugar beet, sweet sorghum, and cereals as a feedstock.
For More Details, Click Here:- https://www.niir.org/profile-project-reports/
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document discusses energy plantations for ethanol and biodiesel production. It begins by introducing that sugarcane, sweet sorghum, and sugar beet are used to produce ethanol through fermentation of their sugars. Starch from crops like maize and wheat can also be converted to sugar for ethanol production. The document then discusses advantages like renewability and lower emissions of ethanol fuel. It notes India's aim to increase ethanol blending in gasoline. Methods of biodiesel production through transesterification of oils are outlined. Challenges of ethanol and biodiesel like land use and affordability are also summarized.
India is critically dependent on energy imports which makes it vulnerable to rising energy prices. Biofuels offer an attractive way to boost domestic energy supplies as India currently imports almost 70% of its fossil fuel requirements. However, progress on biofuel blending has been patchy due to rising raw material costs and inconsistent government policies. Despite the challenges, transport sector biofuels remain an important option to enhance energy security if a consistent policy framework can be established.
This document contains 60 questions related to organic chemistry concepts like alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines, etc. The questions cover topics like relative acidities, reactivities, mechanisms of reactions, effect of substituents, physical properties and their relationship to molecular structure. Answers provided explain the concepts in brief.
This document discusses various concepts in organic chemistry related to alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines and aromatic compounds. Some key points covered include:
1. The bond angle in alcohols is less than tetrahedral due to repulsion between oxygen's lone pairs. Branched alcohols have lower boiling points than straight-chain alcohols due to decreased intermolecular forces.
2. Phenol is a stronger acid than alcohols due to resonance stabilization of the phenoxide ion. Ethers have lower boiling points than alcohols due to the absence of hydrogen bonding.
3.
Chapter 12 aldehydes ketones and carboxylic_acidssuresh gdvm
This document contains sample questions and answers about aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids from Class XII Chemistry Chapter 12. The questions cover defining and giving examples of reaction types, naming compounds using IUPAC nomenclature, drawing structures of derivatives, predicting reaction products, and converting between related compounds.
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are organic compounds with different structures and physical properties. Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group attached to an alkyl group and have general formula R-OH. Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring. Ethers have an oxygen atom connected to two hydrocarbon groups. These compounds differ in their solubility, boiling points, and medical and industrial applications due to their varying abilities to form intermolecular bonds like hydrogen bonds. Their structures also determine IUPAC nomenclature rules for systematic naming.
N.S. EPC Consultants India Pvt. Ltd. incorporated entity (erstwhile brand of N.S. Consultants) founded by Sushil Sharma and N. Nagaraja in 2005. Presently Mr. Sushil Sharma being the Executive Director & CEO of the Company joined by Mr. B.B.Pathak- Director-Operations & Principal Consultant, Er. Archit Sharma- Director-Technical and Ms. Aadya Sharma- Director-HR came stakeholder as well. It is a leading EPC company providing solutions and consultancy for Ethanol Plants in India. The company is having best team composition for grain-based distillery. Consultancy Advisory of the company will facilitate the ‘Improved Profit Margin’ of the Ethanol Plants in India. For any service related to the manufacturing of Ethanol plant, we will be happy to help and serve you for improved margins with improved output at the most optimized cost. The company is into Engineering, Procurement, and Construction and have been leading the change in providing ‘Green Energy Solutions’ to an extensive and diverse array of Industry. Well equipped with large infrastructure, vast experience, and expertise we have a proven track record in undertaking large turnkey projects and a variety of integrated comprehensive designs to deliver solutions to diverse Polymers, Chemical, and Process Industries with a major emphasis on the continuous improvement, development, and application of Biodegradable Products Biofuels, Bioethanol, and Biomass driven processes. As turnkey project suppliers, the company provided ‘Single-Point Solutions Provider’ for the entire spectrum of the plant design and build – right from evaluation, assessment, planning of business opportunities, and financing to Pre-Construction feasibility studies for complete Installation including Commissioning, Operation & Maintenance assistance.https://nsepc.in, #ethanolconsultantsindia
#EthanolEPCcompaniesIndia
#EthanolplantConsultants
#GrainbasedDistilleryConsultants
#ProfitmargininethanolplantinIndia
#EthanolplantmanufacturersinIndia
Set Up Grain and Molasses-Based Ethanol Distillery- Government Approves Schem...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Set Up Grain and Molasses-Based Ethanol Distillery- Government Approves Scheme for Increasing Ethanol Production.
Cabinet Approves Scheme for Increasing Ethanol Production
The govt’s move will help bear the interest of loans taken for setting up ethanol distilleries for a period of 5 years
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) on Wednesday approved a modified scheme for extending interest subvention for those setting up grain-based along with molasses-based ethanol distilleries.
The total outlay of the scheme is Rs. 8,460 crore for increasing India’s ethanol production capacity, with the scheme extended to those setting up distilleries using grain, molasses, dual feed, sugar beet, sweet sorghum, and cereals as a feedstock.
For More Details, Click Here:- https://www.niir.org/profile-project-reports/
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
This document discusses energy plantations for ethanol and biodiesel production. It begins by introducing that sugarcane, sweet sorghum, and sugar beet are used to produce ethanol through fermentation of their sugars. Starch from crops like maize and wheat can also be converted to sugar for ethanol production. The document then discusses advantages like renewability and lower emissions of ethanol fuel. It notes India's aim to increase ethanol blending in gasoline. Methods of biodiesel production through transesterification of oils are outlined. Challenges of ethanol and biodiesel like land use and affordability are also summarized.
India is critically dependent on energy imports which makes it vulnerable to rising energy prices. Biofuels offer an attractive way to boost domestic energy supplies as India currently imports almost 70% of its fossil fuel requirements. However, progress on biofuel blending has been patchy due to rising raw material costs and inconsistent government policies. Despite the challenges, transport sector biofuels remain an important option to enhance energy security if a consistent policy framework can be established.
This document summarizes a presentation on ethanol as an alternative fuel for automobiles. It begins with an abstract that outlines the key points to be covered, including ethanol properties, production via dry milling, and advantages/disadvantages as a fuel. The presentation then discusses ethanol as a promising alternative that can replace gasoline due to its cleaner burning properties. It compares ethanol to gasoline properties such as octane number and energy content. India's potential for ethanol production from sugarcane is also reviewed due to its goal of blending 20% ethanol in gasoline by 2017 for increased energy security. Both advantages like reduced emissions and disadvantages like crop land usage are summarized.
IRJET-Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine using Alumina N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of castor oil biodiesel and diesel containing alumina nanoparticles. Castor oil biodiesel was produced through transesterification and blended with diesel at a 20% ratio to create B20. Alumina nanoparticles were added to the B20 at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results were compared to neat diesel. Testing showed that the alumina nanoparticle blends increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1.43% compared to diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide were also reduced, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher for
010-011_Biofuels-Fundamental Research and Industrial Applicationsenicsummerschool
This document provides information about biofuels including ethanol and biodiesel. It discusses various global production statistics for biofuels. It also discusses different feedstocks and technologies used to produce biofuels, including first, second, and potential 1.5 generation biofuels from feedstocks like sweet sorghum. Challenges facing the biofuels industry are mentioned, as well as some example projects and companies working in the biofuels space.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel (Caster-RICINUS COMMUNIS) ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of biodiesel produced from castor seeds (Ricinus communis) and tested in a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The study involved producing biodiesel via transesterification of castor oil with methanol using a base catalyst. Various blends of castor biodiesel and petroleum diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine to analyze performance and emission characteristics compared to pure petroleum diesel. The results provide information on the potential for castor biodiesel to be used as an alternative or additive to petroleum diesel fuel.
Solvent Recovery System - Feasibility ReportSamet Baykul
This document provides an analysis for establishing a solvent recovery plant. It begins with an introduction to solvents and recovery methods. It then surveys key solvent markets and competitors. The proposed production method is an adsorption system using activated carbon due to the azeotropic nature of the solvent mixture. The document considers plant location, technology, costs, implementation plan and provides a market analysis. The goal is to establish a solvent recovery plant to reduce waste and costs while gaining profit from recycled solvent sales.
Economic potential and relevance of biofuel program in indiasugarmills
This document discusses the potential for sugarcane ethanol production in India to meet its fuel and chemical needs. It notes that India imports over 60% of its oil and will become one of the largest oil importers by 2025. Producing ethanol from sugarcane could meet a significant portion of India's fuel needs, reducing imports and generating income for farmers. However, policies around ethanol production and use need to be standardized across states to incentivize growth in this sector.
Suthep Liumsirijarern: Biofuels Perspectives and PoliciesVIV Corporate
The document summarizes Thailand's policies and perspectives on biofuels. It discusses Thailand's reliance on natural gas for electricity generation and goals to increase renewable energy such as ethanol and biodiesel. Thailand has a biofuel development plan from 2008-2022 with targets to increase ethanol production to 9 million liters per day from sugarcane, cassava and other feedstocks. The policy provides incentives for flex-fuel vehicles and E20/E85 gasoline to increase biofuel usage. Currently there are 19 ethanol plants operational with a total capacity of 2.93 million liters per day.
Lucrative Business of Dual Feed Distillery (Ethanol as Bio-Fuel). Government ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
This document discusses ethanol as a biofuel. It begins by explaining that ethanol is classified as a first-generation biofuel made from starches, sugars, and vegetable oils through processes like breaking down corn and wheat in bio refineries using enzymes and microorganisms. Common feedstocks for producing ethanol include biomass like corn, sugarcane, and crops like cassava, potatoes, hemp, and millet. The document then covers the advantages of ethanol fuel, its uses, properties, and BIS specifications. It also discusses the project scope, objectives, benefits of ethanol for the environment and economy.
IRJET- Effect of Butanol and Di-Ethyl Ether Additives on the Performance and ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-ethanol blends and additives of butanol and diethyl ether. The study tested various diesel-ethanol-additive blends at different compression ratios in a variable compression ratio engine. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and emissions of CO2, CO, NOx and smoke were evaluated. The results showed that adding oxygenated additives like butanol and diethyl ether to diesel-ethanol blends can improve the engine performance and emissions characteristics.
This document provides a profile for establishing an ethyl acetate production plant with an annual capacity of 80 tons. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent in various industries. The total investment cost is estimated at 9.11 million Birr. Key inputs include acetic acid, ethanol, and sulfuric acid. Production involves an esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. The plant is expected to be financially viable with an IRR of 19.8% and positive NPV. It will create 18 jobs and reduce import dependence.
IRJET- Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Derived from Animal Fat & Its BlendIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper about producing biodiesel from waste chicken fat through a process of extraction, esterification, and transesterification. Key points:
1) Biodiesel was produced from waste chicken fat through extraction of oil, followed by esterification and transesterification reactions to create methyl esters.
2) Various blends of the chicken fat biodiesel and petrodiesel were tested (B6, B12, B18, B30) and analyzed for properties and engine/emission performance.
3) Testing found blends B12 and B18 had properties similar to petrodiesel and could serve as alternatives with minimal engine modification and
The document discusses a business proposal to produce bioethanol from sugar industry waste in India. The key points are:
1) The business aims to set up a manufacturing plant to produce high quality bioethanol from bagasse and molasses, waste products of the sugar industry, and sell it as a cheap fuel substitute.
2) Bioethanol production would effectively reduce fuel prices, revolutionize transportation, generate rural employment, and maximize potential of the agro industry in India.
3) The sugar industry produces large amounts of bagasse and molasses annually, making them essentially free and abundant raw materials for bioethanol production. Converting these wastes would provide an eco-friendly and sustainable solution.
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
Keywords: N-butanol, BSFC, BTE
IRJET- Raspberry Pi and Image Processing based Person Recognition System for ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and then blended with kerosene at ratios of 10%, 20%, and 50% kerosene. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results showed that a 50% kerosene blend increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel and reduced smoke, CO, and HC emissions while slightly increasing NOx emissions. The 50% kerosene blend provided the best performance and emissions characteristics of the fuels tested.
IRJET- Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Biodiesel from Waste Cook...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process using methanol and KOH catalyst. The biodiesel was then blended with kerosene in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 50% and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed that a 50% blend of kerosene and biodiesel increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel. Specific fuel consumption was also reduced. CO, HC, and smoke emissions decreased with the 50% blend while NOx increased slightly
Economic Potential And Relevance Of Biofuel Program In IndiaPhani Mohan K
In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. With 2007 net imports of 1.8 million bbl/d, India is currently dependent on imports for 68 percent of its oil consumption.EIA expects India to become the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025. Unless GOI supports Ethanol Blending program it remains as a vision itself not translating in to action.
The document provides details about Kamalpreet Kaur's industrial training at National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) in Bathinda. It discusses the various sections and processes within NFL's ammonia plant. The ammonia plant uses an air separation unit and nitrogen wash unit to produce oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It then uses these gases in various processes to produce ammonia. The document also describes transducers used to measure pressure, level, flow, and temperature throughout the plant.
The document provides details about Kamalpreet Kaur's industrial training at National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) in Bathinda. It discusses the various sections and processes within NFL's ammonia plant. The ammonia plant uses an air separation unit and nitrogen wash unit to produce oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It then uses these gases in various processes to produce ammonia. The document also describes transducers used to measure pressure, level, flow, and temperature throughout the plant.
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This document summarizes a presentation on ethanol as an alternative fuel for automobiles. It begins with an abstract that outlines the key points to be covered, including ethanol properties, production via dry milling, and advantages/disadvantages as a fuel. The presentation then discusses ethanol as a promising alternative that can replace gasoline due to its cleaner burning properties. It compares ethanol to gasoline properties such as octane number and energy content. India's potential for ethanol production from sugarcane is also reviewed due to its goal of blending 20% ethanol in gasoline by 2017 for increased energy security. Both advantages like reduced emissions and disadvantages like crop land usage are summarized.
IRJET-Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine using Alumina N...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of castor oil biodiesel and diesel containing alumina nanoparticles. Castor oil biodiesel was produced through transesterification and blended with diesel at a 20% ratio to create B20. Alumina nanoparticles were added to the B20 at concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results were compared to neat diesel. Testing showed that the alumina nanoparticle blends increased brake thermal efficiency up to 1.43% compared to diesel. Emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide were also reduced, while brake specific fuel consumption was higher for
010-011_Biofuels-Fundamental Research and Industrial Applicationsenicsummerschool
This document provides information about biofuels including ethanol and biodiesel. It discusses various global production statistics for biofuels. It also discusses different feedstocks and technologies used to produce biofuels, including first, second, and potential 1.5 generation biofuels from feedstocks like sweet sorghum. Challenges facing the biofuels industry are mentioned, as well as some example projects and companies working in the biofuels space.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel (Caster-RICINUS COMMUNIS) ...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of biodiesel produced from castor seeds (Ricinus communis) and tested in a variable compression ratio diesel engine. The study involved producing biodiesel via transesterification of castor oil with methanol using a base catalyst. Various blends of castor biodiesel and petroleum diesel were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine to analyze performance and emission characteristics compared to pure petroleum diesel. The results provide information on the potential for castor biodiesel to be used as an alternative or additive to petroleum diesel fuel.
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This document provides an analysis for establishing a solvent recovery plant. It begins with an introduction to solvents and recovery methods. It then surveys key solvent markets and competitors. The proposed production method is an adsorption system using activated carbon due to the azeotropic nature of the solvent mixture. The document considers plant location, technology, costs, implementation plan and provides a market analysis. The goal is to establish a solvent recovery plant to reduce waste and costs while gaining profit from recycled solvent sales.
Economic potential and relevance of biofuel program in indiasugarmills
This document discusses the potential for sugarcane ethanol production in India to meet its fuel and chemical needs. It notes that India imports over 60% of its oil and will become one of the largest oil importers by 2025. Producing ethanol from sugarcane could meet a significant portion of India's fuel needs, reducing imports and generating income for farmers. However, policies around ethanol production and use need to be standardized across states to incentivize growth in this sector.
Suthep Liumsirijarern: Biofuels Perspectives and PoliciesVIV Corporate
The document summarizes Thailand's policies and perspectives on biofuels. It discusses Thailand's reliance on natural gas for electricity generation and goals to increase renewable energy such as ethanol and biodiesel. Thailand has a biofuel development plan from 2008-2022 with targets to increase ethanol production to 9 million liters per day from sugarcane, cassava and other feedstocks. The policy provides incentives for flex-fuel vehicles and E20/E85 gasoline to increase biofuel usage. Currently there are 19 ethanol plants operational with a total capacity of 2.93 million liters per day.
Lucrative Business of Dual Feed Distillery (Ethanol as Bio-Fuel). Government ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
This document discusses ethanol as a biofuel. It begins by explaining that ethanol is classified as a first-generation biofuel made from starches, sugars, and vegetable oils through processes like breaking down corn and wheat in bio refineries using enzymes and microorganisms. Common feedstocks for producing ethanol include biomass like corn, sugarcane, and crops like cassava, potatoes, hemp, and millet. The document then covers the advantages of ethanol fuel, its uses, properties, and BIS specifications. It also discusses the project scope, objectives, benefits of ethanol for the environment and economy.
IRJET- Effect of Butanol and Di-Ethyl Ether Additives on the Performance and ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with diesel-ethanol blends and additives of butanol and diethyl ether. The study tested various diesel-ethanol-additive blends at different compression ratios in a variable compression ratio engine. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency and emissions of CO2, CO, NOx and smoke were evaluated. The results showed that adding oxygenated additives like butanol and diethyl ether to diesel-ethanol blends can improve the engine performance and emissions characteristics.
This document provides a profile for establishing an ethyl acetate production plant with an annual capacity of 80 tons. Ethyl acetate is used as a solvent in various industries. The total investment cost is estimated at 9.11 million Birr. Key inputs include acetic acid, ethanol, and sulfuric acid. Production involves an esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol. The plant is expected to be financially viable with an IRR of 19.8% and positive NPV. It will create 18 jobs and reduce import dependence.
IRJET- Environmental Impact of Biodiesel Derived from Animal Fat & Its BlendIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper about producing biodiesel from waste chicken fat through a process of extraction, esterification, and transesterification. Key points:
1) Biodiesel was produced from waste chicken fat through extraction of oil, followed by esterification and transesterification reactions to create methyl esters.
2) Various blends of the chicken fat biodiesel and petrodiesel were tested (B6, B12, B18, B30) and analyzed for properties and engine/emission performance.
3) Testing found blends B12 and B18 had properties similar to petrodiesel and could serve as alternatives with minimal engine modification and
The document discusses a business proposal to produce bioethanol from sugar industry waste in India. The key points are:
1) The business aims to set up a manufacturing plant to produce high quality bioethanol from bagasse and molasses, waste products of the sugar industry, and sell it as a cheap fuel substitute.
2) Bioethanol production would effectively reduce fuel prices, revolutionize transportation, generate rural employment, and maximize potential of the agro industry in India.
3) The sugar industry produces large amounts of bagasse and molasses annually, making them essentially free and abundant raw materials for bioethanol production. Converting these wastes would provide an eco-friendly and sustainable solution.
Experimental investigation of the performance of vcr diesel engine fuelled by...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Increasing demand of fuel in everyday life and its hazards cause serious problem for this planet. Serious attention is required to see this problem. In this paper there is a research to find out the alternative for diesel fuel and efforts to increase its performance. N-butanol is blended with diesel in different volume (B5 - 5% n-butanol and 95% diesel, B10, B15, B20, B25 and B30) and its effects on various performance parameters are studied. Increasing Butanol concentration in fuel increases BSFC of the engine. Increasing butanol ratio reduces the BTE of the engine from 24% to 22% at maximum load. Exhaust gas temperature reduces with increasing butanol. Mechanical efficiency also increases with addition of n-butanol.
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This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process and then blended with kerosene at ratios of 10%, 20%, and 50% kerosene. The blends were tested in a single cylinder diesel engine and results showed that a 50% kerosene blend increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel and reduced smoke, CO, and HC emissions while slightly increasing NOx emissions. The 50% kerosene blend provided the best performance and emissions characteristics of the fuels tested.
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This document summarizes a study that investigated the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil and kerosene. Waste cooking oil was converted to biodiesel via a transesterification process using methanol and KOH catalyst. The biodiesel was then blended with kerosene in proportions of 10%, 20%, and 50% and tested in a single cylinder diesel engine. Test results showed that a 50% blend of kerosene and biodiesel increased brake thermal efficiency by 2.55% compared to pure biodiesel. Specific fuel consumption was also reduced. CO, HC, and smoke emissions decreased with the 50% blend while NOx increased slightly
Economic Potential And Relevance Of Biofuel Program In IndiaPhani Mohan K
In 2006, India was the seventh largest net importer of oil in the world. With 2007 net imports of 1.8 million bbl/d, India is currently dependent on imports for 68 percent of its oil consumption.EIA expects India to become the fourth largest net importer of oil in the world by 2025. Unless GOI supports Ethanol Blending program it remains as a vision itself not translating in to action.
The document provides details about Kamalpreet Kaur's industrial training at National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) in Bathinda. It discusses the various sections and processes within NFL's ammonia plant. The ammonia plant uses an air separation unit and nitrogen wash unit to produce oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It then uses these gases in various processes to produce ammonia. The document also describes transducers used to measure pressure, level, flow, and temperature throughout the plant.
The document provides details about Kamalpreet Kaur's industrial training at National Fertilizers Limited (NFL) in Bathinda. It discusses the various sections and processes within NFL's ammonia plant. The ammonia plant uses an air separation unit and nitrogen wash unit to produce oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. It then uses these gases in various processes to produce ammonia. The document also describes transducers used to measure pressure, level, flow, and temperature throughout the plant.
Similar to Automobileindustryofpakistan 091023001630-phpapp02 (20)
2. PRODUCTION AND
INTRODUCTON TECHNOLOGY
PLAN
MARKETING PLAN FINANCIAL PLAN
3. RE-INTRODUCED:
1. E-10 has been inaugurated in Pakistan by Prime
Minister’s Adviser for Petroleum Dr Asim Hussain
accompanied by Minister for Industries Mian Manzoor
Ahmad Wattoo.
2. Ethanol-mixed fuel will be sold at Rs2.4 per liter less than
regular petrol.
4.
5. Energy in Different Fuels
Can Have Very Different Qualities
Fossil Energy Ratio (FER) =
energy in fuel/fossil energy input
2.0
1.5
1.0
1.36
0.5 0.98
0.81
0.45
0.0
Cell. EtOH Corn EtOH Coal Gasoline Electricity
6. ETHANOL FORMULA:
Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol,
drinking alcohol, volatile, flammable, colorless liquid.
Best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages it is
also used in thermometers as a solvent and as a fuel.
7.
8. 1. Pakistan is becoming ethanol producers.
2. New technologies for producing ethanol from
agricultural, forestry,municipal wastes and
residues are the focus of major research and
development efforts around the world.
9. Pakistan today has 4 largest coal reserves Pakistan can greatly
reduce its petrol consumption immediately by
1)Converting the Power Plants run on furnace oil into Indigenous
coal based power plants.
2)Oil can be blended by 10 % ethanol immediately there by
bringing down the petrol
consumption by
atleast 30-40m ilion
barrels per year
10. Chemistry
Structure of ethanol molecule.
All bonds are single bonds
Glucose (a simple sugar) is created in the plant by
photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
During ethanol fermentation glucose is decomposed into
ethanol and carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6 → 2 CH3CH2OH+ 2 CO2 + heat
11. During combustion ethanol reacts with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide, waterand heat:
CH3CH2OH + 3 O2 → 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + heat
Ethanol may also be produced industrially from ethene
(ethylene). Addition of water to the double bond converts ethene
to ethanol:
C2H4 + H2O → CH3CH2OH
This is done in the presence of an acid which catalyzes the
reaction, but is not consumed. The ethene is produced from
petroleum by steam cracking
12. It is an alternative fuel made from plants that contain
basic sugars.
The sugars are fermented and distilled into carbon
dioxide and alcohol.
Ethanol is also a renewable fuel source because it
comes from corn, barley and wheat stalks, which can be
harvested and then replanted.
13. Engine Problems Resulting from E10 Ethanol
Alcohol Fuel Use:
Ethanol will dissolve resins that create a black sludge that
coats and travels through the engine, causing engine
stalling and complications, including clogged fuel filters,
carburetor .
Many engine hoses of older engines are not resistant to
alcohol.
Higher alcohol extra release causes of rust, debris,
sediment and gunk - and further clogging and damage to
engine components and filters.
14.
15.
16. Production process
The basic steps for
large scale
production of ethanol are:
1. Microbial fermentation
2. Sugars distillation
3. Dehydration
4. Hydrolysis
Enzymes are used to
convert starch into sugar.
17. Microbial fermentation:
Ethanol is produced by microbial fermentation of
the sugar.
1.Microbial fermentation will currently only
work directly with sugars.
2.Two major components of
plants, starch and cellulose,
are both made up of sugars,
and can converted to sugars
for fermentation.
18. Sugars distillation:
1.Sugar (e.g. sugar cane) and starch (e.g. corn) portions can
be economically converted.
2.The cellulose part of a plant
is broken down to sugars
and subsequent Distillation.
3.For the ethanol to be usable
as a fuel, the majority of
the water must be removed
Most of the water is removed by
distillation
19. Dehydration
The ethanol is passed through an absorber containing a molecular
sieve which traps the ethanol but lets the water pass through. The
result is a nearly 100% anhydrous ethanol product. Three absorbers
may be used to enhance efficiency.
23. TOTAL capital required
Rs. 400 million
The total capital requirement is an estimate
based on the set up of
Ethanol plant with
the capacity
of 30,000/- liters.
24. PKR 88.95/L (Unleaded Premium)
PKR 112.65/L (Unleaded-Hi Octane)
PKR 94.15/L (Diesel)
N0. FUEL COUNTRY PRICE
1 (Unleaded- PKR (Pakistan Rupees) 88.95/L
premium)
PATROL
2. ETHANOL FUEL PKR (Pakistan Rupees) 80/L
3. (Unleaded-Hi PKR(Pakistan Rupees) 112.65/L
Octane)
PATROL
4. Diesel PKR(Pakistan Rupees) 94.15/L
26. SALE FORCASTING
particular 1year 2year 3year 4year 5year
1.sales 30000 3900000 3900000 3900000 3900000 3900000
130 per litre
2. subsidariy 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000
50 per litre
3. cost per costumers 2400000 2400000 2400000 2400000 2400000
80 per litre
4. cost of good sold 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000 1500000
50 per litre
5. Gross profit 2400000 2400000 2400000 2400000 2400000
6. operating expense 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000
20 percent
7.EBIT 2100000 2100000 2100000 2100000 2100000
8. INTEREST 0 0 0 0 0
9. DEPRECIATION 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000
10. Net income 1800000 1800000 1800000 1800000 1800000
27. ETHANOL FUEL FASTER
BALANCE SHEETS
ASSETS 2012
------------------------------ ---------
Current Assets: 150000000
Cash and cash equivalents 50000000
Total current assets 200000000
---------
Other assets 50000000
---------
Total Assets 250000000
=========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY
------------------------------
Current Liabilities:
Total current liabilities 50000000
---------
Total Liabilities 50000000
---------
Additional paid-in capital 50000000
---------
Ethanol, Inc.
Stockholders' Equity
(Deficit) 75000000
---------
Total Stockholders' Equity 75000000
---------
Total Liabilities and
Stockholders' Equity 250000000
=========
30. Market research:
Ethanol Research notes
Ethanol used in transportation applications reduces oil
dependence and results in lower emissions.
1. Reducing the price gap between utilization of ethanol
and cheap imported gasoline
2.Hydrated ethanol can be used in a fuel cell system with
no loss in efficiency compared with 100 % high-grade
ethanol
31.
32. PRESENT STAGE :
Question Marks – high growth rate but low
market share
World’s ethanol production will pass 20 Bln gallons in
2012.
Ethanol production is expected to grow in 2008 - 2012
with CAGR about 5s U.S. and Brazil are leading the
world in production of ethanol.
Emergence of new ethanol producers in Asia and Latin
America.
33.
34. AFTER FIVE YEARS :
Stars – high growth rate and high market share
Factors driving ethanol market:
High oil prices.Less quantity of oil
National energy security considerations.
Ethanol tax incentives.
Improved technology - lower costs of ethanol
production.
Climate change concerns.
39. PRODUCT :
E-10
PRICE:
Ethanol-mixed fuel will be sold at Rs2.4 per liter less than regular
petrol
PLACE:
It will soon reach six major cities Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi,
Faisalabad, Quetta, Peshawar and Sukkur.
PROMOTION :
20 pumps would start selling E-10 by August 14 this year. Ethanol-
mixed petrol was being used in more than 16 countries .10% of
ethanol to save more money.
40.
41. Strength :
1. Ethanol for use in automobiles in order to reduce oil
imports.
2. Pakistan is initiating the use of ethanol as an
automotive fuel
Opportunities:
1. 5% to 10% ethanol in gasoline in Pakistan to improve
the environment and the security of energy supplies
2. In 2004, around 42 billion liters of ethanol were
produced in the world, most of it being for use in cars.
42. Weakness:
1. Over 10% ethanol will cause damage to most
conventional engines.
2. The percentage of ethanol contained in gas at pumps is
not closely monitored. Test Gas Ethanol Level
Threats
1. E10 ethanol gasoline has caused engine problems &
damage, especially to older vehicles and marine
outboard boat motors.
2. Many types of engines are not designed for the use of
alcohol fuel.
3. Price of CNG, LPG
43. MARKET
PENETRATION
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGY
MARKET STRATEGY
STRATEGY
MARKET
DEVELOPMENT DIVERSIFICATION
STRATEGY
44. SITUATION ANALYSIS
positive return
PROFIT on investment
increase
PEOPLE quality of life
PLANET ecosystem
restoration
48. ETHANOL FUEL FASTER
List of consumers :
Pak Suzuki Motor Company Ltd.
Cars, L.C.Vs ,Pick-ups and Vans.
Indus Motor Company Ltd.
Cars and L.C.Vs.
Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan) Ltd.
Cars and Bikes.
49. Sind Engineering Ltd.
Cars, Trucks , Bikes and Pick-ups.
Sigma Motors (Pvt) Ltd.
L.C.Vs
Hinopak Motors Ltd.
Trucks and Buses.
Ghandhara Nissan Ltd.
Trucks, Buses and Cars.
Master Motor Corporation Ltd.
Trucks , Buses and Pick-ups.
Editor's Notes
Pak Suzuki Motor Company Ltd. 2. Indus Motor Company Ltd. 3. Honda Atlas Cars (Pakistan) Ltd. 4. Dewan Farooque Motors Ltd. 5. Sigma Motors (Pvt) Ltd. 6. Hinopak Motors Ltd. 7. Ghandhara Nissan Ltd 8. Sind Engineering Ltd. 9. Ghandhara Industries Ltd. 10. Master Motor Corporation Ltd. 11. Millat Tractors Ltd. 12. Dewan Automotive Engineering Ltd. 13. Atlas Honda Ltd. 14. DYL Motorcycles Ltd. 15. Suzuki Motorcycles Pakistan Ltd. 16. Pakistan Cycle Industrial Cooperative Society Ltd. 17. PLUM Qingqi Motors Ltd. 18. FATEH Motors LTD. 19. HKF Engineering Pvt. Ltd. 20. Sazgar Engineering Works Ltd