The document discusses normal and skewed distributions. It provides an example of student study hours to illustrate how to create a distribution from a data set. The distribution plots the hours of study on the x-axis and the number of occurrences on the y-axis. It then calculates the mean of the example data set to demonstrate that the mean describes the center point of a normal distribution well.
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2. This presentation will help you determine if the
data set from the problem you are asked to
solve has a normal or skewed distribution
3. This presentation will help you determine if the
data set from the problem you are asked to
solve has a normal or skewed distribution
Normal
Skewed
4. Knowing if your data’s distribution is skewed or
normal is the second way of knowing if you will
use what is called a parametric or a
nonparametric test
5. The first way (as you may recall from the last
decision point) is to determine if the data is
scaled, ordinal, or nominal
16. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
17. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
18. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
19. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
20. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
Data
21. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
Data Set
22. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
From this data set we
will create a
distribution:
23. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
24. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The X Axis, will be the
number of hours of
study
25. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
Hours of Study
26. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
Hours of Study
1
27. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2
Hours of Study
28. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3
Hours of Study
29. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4
Hours of Study
30. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
31. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
32. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
33. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
34. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
35. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
36. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
37. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
The Y Axis, indicates
the number of times
the same number
occurs
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
38. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
Number of Occurrences
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
39. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
40. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
41. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
42. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
43. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
44. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
45. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
46. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
47. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
48. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
49. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
50. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
51. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
52. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
53. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
54. Student Hours of
Study
Bart 1
Basheba 2
Bella 2
Bob 3
Boston 3
Bunter 3
Buxby 4
Bybee 4
Bwinda 5
1 2 3 4 5
Hours of Study
Number of Occurrences
3
2
1
This is a
distribution
55. One way to represent a distribution like this:
56. One way to represent a distribution like this:
57. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
58. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
59. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
Normal distributions have
the majority of the data in
the middle
60. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
Normal distributions have
the majority of the data in
the middle
61. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
With decreasing
but equal amounts
toward the tails
62. One way to represent a distribution like this:
Is like this:
With decreasing
but equal amounts
toward the tails
With decreasing
but equal amounts
toward the tails
63. The mean or average works really well with
normal distributions
64. Another way to say it, is that the mean describes
well the center point of a normal distribution
138. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed
139. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed
140. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed
A non-parametric test is used when the
problem’s data set is very skewed to the right or
the left:
141. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed
A non-parametric test is used when the
problem’s data set is very skewed to the right or
the left:
142. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed
A non-parametric test is used when the
problem’s data set is very skewed to the right or
the left:
143. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed:
A non-parametric test is used when the
problem’s data set is very skewed to the right or
the left:
Or very non-normal:
144. In summary,
A parametric test is used when the problem’s
data set is normally distributed:
A non-parametric test is used when the
problem’s data set is very skewed to the right or
the left:
Or very non-normal:
145. So, how do you know if your data is normally
distributed?
146. So, how do you know if your data is normally
distributed?
Go to the Learning Module entitled: Assessing
Skew. You will find it next to the link for this
presentation.
147. So, how do you know if your data is normally
distributed?
Go to the Learning Module entitled: Assessing
Skew. You will find it next to the link for this
presentation.
After you have viewed that learning module use
SPSS to assess the skew of your data.
190. And the median is used with SKEWED OR NON-NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
191. And the median is used with SKEWED OR NON-NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
192. And the median is used with SKEWED OR NON-NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
193. And the median is used with SKEWED OR NON-NORMAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
194. So, why doesn’t everyone use non-parametric
methods since they are unaffected by outliers?
195. Because parametric methods provide more
meaningful information about the population
than do non-parametric methods
196. So, if your data is skewed it’s better to get what
information you can from a non-parametric
test,
197. So, if your data is skewed it’s better to get what
information you can from a non-parametric
test, even though a parametric test would have
provided more information (if your data had
been normally distributed)
198. So, based on your analysis, which distribution
best reflect your data set:
199. So, based on your analysis, which distribution
best reflect your data set:
Normal
Skewed