Is soil respiration affected by nutrient availability?

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This document appears to list the names of several individuals and includes the terms "response ratio", "fertilized", and "control". It seems to be reporting data from an experiment involving different treatments and measuring their effects compared to a control. The document lists several names but does not provide much other context around the experiment or its results.

Kikang Bae
Tim Fahey
Ruth Yanai
Melany Fisk

Hongzhang Kang
Tim Fahey
Kikang Bae
Melany Fisk
Ruth Sherman
Ruth Yanai
Craig See
Response ratio=
(fertilized-
control)/control

This document summarizes research on the effects of calcium (Ca), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) additions on tree transpiration rates. The research found that: 1) A 2014 study found that a one-time addition of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) increased transpiration over the control plots, especially for yellow birch trees. Transpiration rates also varied between tree species and sites. 2) A 2015 study found that adding phosphorus (P) alone decreased transpiration rates in white birch trees compared to other treatments. 3) Overall, the research suggests that calcium and phosphorus can impact tree water use and transpiration rates. Precise measurements of sap flow

Beech bark disease: bugs and fun guys

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This document summarizes a study on Beech Bark Disease. The study looked at how nitrogen to phosphorus ratios (N:P) in beech bark influences fungal lesion development, and whether treatments altering N/P levels impact disease severity, insect populations, or fungal growth. Samples were taken from beech trees in plots receiving different N/P treatments, including bark collections and long-term photography of marked trees. Analysis of images and fungal samples sought correlations between N/P levels and disease symptoms to better understand factors influencing the disease complex.

Root foraging for apatite is influenced by N and P availability

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(1) Fine roots of plants in mature northern hardwood forests were found to forage for patches of apatite, a primary mineral source of phosphorus, when phosphorus was limiting. (2) When phosphorus was added to the soil, fine root foraging for apatite decreased, since phosphorus availability was no longer limiting. (3) Addition of nitrogen to the soil increased overall fine root growth but did not change foraging for apatite, indicating that nitrogen increases plant demand for phosphorus.

MELNHE overview 2016

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The document summarizes findings from a study conducted at 3 sites with a total of 9 stands of varying ages. At each site there were 2 stands, one mid-age and one mature. The 3 young, 3 mid-age and 3 mature stands were located at one of the sites. The study found that foliar N:P ratios indicated colimitation by nitrogen and phosphorus. Mature stands responded more to phosphorus additions while young stands responded more to nitrogen additions. Phosphorus additions decreased soil respiration and sap flow while calcium additions increased sap flow. Phosphorus additions also increased microbial phosphorus while nitrogen additions decreased microbial nitrogen. Both nitrogen and phosphorus additions also increased root biomass.

Get up off the couch! How much of the soil microbial biomass is active?

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The document discusses methods to determine how much of the soil microbial biomass is active, including the substrate-induced respiration method which compares basal respiration to respiration induced by added glucose. It notes that total microbial biomass is important as a nutrient pool, while the active fraction rapidly decomposes organic matter and returns nutrients to soil. The document questions whether nitrogen or phosphorus availability increases the active fraction of the microbial biomass.

Aboveground growth responds more to P than N

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1. A study examined how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) limitation affects aboveground growth in northern hardwood forests of different ages. 2. The study applied N, P, and N+P fertilizer treatments to young, mid-age, and mature forest stands over 5 years and measured tree growth responses. 3. The results showed that aboveground growth responded more to P fertilization in mid-age and mature forests, while growth in young forests responded more to N fertilization, indicating that P limits older stands while N limits younger stands.

If a tree stands in the forest and nobody knows where it is: Mapping trees in...

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This document discusses using stem mapping to understand patterns of soil respiration. It notes that forest stands are about evenly split between trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi and ectomycorrhizae fungi. Stands dominated by trees with arbuscular mycorrhizae are likely to have higher soil respiration rates, since these fungi promote more microbial activity in the soil. The study will identify tree positions, measure soil respiration data, and compare it to the dominant tree species in the stands.

Does elevated N or P increase the microbial biomass in the soils of the north...

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Elevated levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were added to soils in northern hardwood forests to test their effects on microbial biomass. Microbial cells were lysed using the chloroform fumigation method to measure the nutrient content of the biomass and determine which nutrient, nitrogen or phosphorus, most limited microbial growth. Previous results suggested phosphorus limitation and nitrogen suppression of microbial biomass. Further analysis is being conducted to measure the effects on total biomass carbon and nutrient ratios to better understand the response of microbial biomass and nutrients to the additions of nitrogen and phosphorus.

The document discusses a study that tested the effect of adding phosphorus and nitrogen on red maple seed production. It found that while red maple trees can change sex from year to year and with nutrient changes, adding phosphorus and nitrogen did not significantly increase red maple seed counts collected from litter, possibly due to seed predation by small mammals interfering with results. The study aims to improve its seed collection design to account for this factor.

Beech interference with maple regeneration: future change in forest composition.

melnhe

The document discusses a study on the interference of American beech with the regeneration of red maple and sugar maple in forests. The study examined seed and root sprout production from 2004-2010 and 2011-2015 in plots under continuous beech, plots where beech had been removed, and control plots. It found that beech bark disease and beech's production of root sprouts inhibited the regeneration of the maple species over the study period.

Foliar nutrient resorption reflects interactions of N and P availablity

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This document summarizes a study that investigated nutrient resorption efficiency in tree species across different forest stands. The study found that: 1) Nitrogen resorption efficiency in senescing leaves was correlated with higher phosphorus concentrations in green leaves, not nitrogen concentrations. 2) Phosphorus resorption efficiency was correlated with higher nitrogen concentrations in green leaves, not phosphorus concentrations. 3) Experimental fertilization showed that green leaf nitrogen was lower with phosphorus addition, while green leaf phosphorus was unaffected by nitrogen addition. This suggests trees were phosphorus-limited or co-limited in control plots.

Shoestring2014 2-recovery

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Eli inventory REUcon

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The document examines whether fertilizing trees leads to faster growth. It describes a study measuring the diameter growth of trees in plots with different nutrient treatments (nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphorus combined). The results found that yellow birch showed a strong growth response to the treatments, while previous findings of increased growth in white birch were no longer significant. Mapping of the mature tree stands was also conducted to understand tree interactions and nutrient limitations in northern forests.

Shoestring2014 10-light

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This document discusses a study examining how seedling allocation and survivorship in sugar maple and American beech are influenced by light, nutrients, and moisture. The study found that seedling biomass was not nutrient limited in the first two years. Sugar maple biomass growth increased with soil moisture. Phosphorus increased relative root allocation in sugar maple. Nitrogen decreased sugar maple survivorship. Survivorship of both species decreased with increasing canopy cover, indicating response to light availability. The conclusions were that beech seedlings are less plastic than sugar maple, survivorship depends on light, and mortality at early life stages may be stochastic under canopy.

Hb2013 mac pherson maple response

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This study examined the effects of calcium addition on sugar maple growth. Measurements were taken of overstory, understory, and seedling sugar maples at plots with and without calcium addition. The results showed that overstory and understory sugar maples generally grew faster with calcium addition compared to the control plots. Seedling height showed no significant differences between calcium addition and control plots. The calcium addition was found to increase soil pH, and may benefit sugar maples by providing more calcium, an important structural component. Continued monitoring of effects on larger trees and further study of seedling biomass and survival were recommended.

Shoestring2014 5-decomp

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Iufro uncertainty mexicov5_cw

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- The document discusses Mexico's Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system for estimating carbon stock changes in forests. - Mexico's MRV system aims to estimate carbon stock changes and greenhouse gas emissions/removals from the LULUCF sector for national greenhouse gas inventories. - The National Forest Inventory provides data on carbon stocks and stock changes, while satellite imagery is used to monitor forest area changes. - Estimates show the forest sector is currently a large carbon sink, absorbing emissions from deforestation and degradation. However, uncertainties in these estimates need to be reduced to support policy decisions.

Shoestring2014 1-4 years in

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Hb2013 intro

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Stephanie snail REUcon

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The document describes a study that placed cardboard in four forest stands to collect snails and examine the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium additions. Cardboard collection occurred four times over the summer. The results showed that only nitrogen and phosphorus additions in one stand (JBO) increased snail numbers compared to the control. Calcium additions increased snail numbers in all stands except one. The study aims to further examine the impacts of soil properties on snail populations.

Hb2013 zahor transpiration

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This study examines the impact of calcium addition on tree transpiration and root function in New England forests impacted by acid rain. Sapflux measurements showed higher transpiration rates in trees on plots with added calcium silicate compared to control plots, with the strongest response in American beech. Preliminary root analysis found higher live fine root tissue and lower embolism in yellow birch roots from the calcium treatment plot compared to the control in early spring. The study is ongoing across three sites on the White Mountain National Forest to further understand the mechanisms by which calcium impacts forest water use and health.

Hb2013 dong foliarchem

melnhe

The document examines whether stand age or soil nutrients better explain variation in foliar chemistry across tree species. Soil and foliage samples were collected from multiple sites varying in stand age. Results found that for most species, stand age did not affect foliar cation concentrations as much as natural heterogeneity in soil nutrients. Specifically, soil nutrients in the top 10cm of soil best predicted foliar calcium and magnesium concentrations for several species, including pin cherry, American beech, red maple, sugar maple, white birch, and yellow birch. The conclusion is that soil nutrient availability, rather than stand age, is the better predictor of foliar cation levels at these sites. More soil data is needed to further investigate the relationships between soil nutrients and

Pierre bernier iufro2014

melnhe

This document discusses uncertainty in forest management planning due to climate change, changing societal expectations, and globalization. It outlines three scales of forest management and sources of uncertainty at each scale. Specifically, it notes that climate change is a major cause of current and future uncertainty since tree growth and disturbances will change in unprecedented ways over decades or centuries. The document advocates for approaches like using multiple scenarios and projections, adaptive management through continuous learning and adjustment, and mainstreaming changes to regulations to help forest managers adapt to increasing uncertainty.

Shoestring2014 8-ca soil moisture

melnhe

This document summarizes a study that added wollastonite (CaSiO3) to experimental forest plots in New Hampshire to examine the effects on soil moisture and tree productivity. Wollastonite was added to bring calcium levels back to pre-industrial amounts, as acid rain has caused leaching of calcium from soils. Previous studies at Hubbard Brook found short-term increases in transpiration and productivity after wollastonite addition. This study monitored soil moisture in wollastonite and control plots, finding one plot (C6 at 30cm depth) had significantly lower soil moisture in the wollastonite area during the growing season, suggesting higher water use by trees, though other data was inconclusive due to

Hb2015 sadutto-calcium

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Tyler Sadutto conducted a study to understand how the addition of CaSiO3 affects soil respiration. The objectives were to measure total soil respiration, fine root production, and microbial respiration in calcium and control plots. Total soil respiration was measured every two weeks using a LI-COR 8100 and soil collars. Fine root production was measured using root screens over three weeks. Microbial respiration was measured using a base trap method on soil samples from each plot. The expected results were a decrease in fine root production, microbial respiration, and overall total soil respiration with the addition of CaSiO3.

Hb2013 kendrick moisture

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This document discusses a study investigating the effects of calcium addition on soil moisture levels. The study examines six plots in New Hampshire forests that were fertilized with calcium-silicate and compares them to control plots. The study hypothesizes that soil moisture levels will decrease more in the fertilized plots, especially in older stands with lower nutrient availability and closer to the forest floor. Soil moisture data is being collected using dataloggers placed at various soil depths. Preliminary results from two sites show differing impacts of calcium addition on soil moisture, depending on stand age and nutrient levels. Future work will examine data collection improvements and additional analysis methods.

Shoestring2014 6-respiration

melnhe

This document summarizes research on the effects of nutrient addition on soil respiration in northern hardwood forests. It finds that: 1) Soil respiration and belowground carbon allocation declined with increasing soil nutrient availability across study sites. 2) The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients reduced soil respiration the most in the most infertile sites, likely by reducing belowground carbon allocation and root-associated respiration. 3) There were some indications that sites may have been co-limited by both nitrogen and phosphorus, as nutrient additions of both together had stronger effects on respiration in infertile sites than additions of either nutrient alone.

Hb2015 hayden-decomp

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COOPERATORS' MEETING, Woodstock NH, Wednesday, 8 JULY 2015. Session l: Multiple Element Limitation Study Moderator: Ruth Yanai. Decomposition in the MELNHE plots: Filter paper and tea bags Matthew Hayden, SUNY- ESF Using a modified version of a new method called the Tea Bag Index, this study addresses two questions- will there be a noticeable difference in decomposition rates of tea across plots? and will the use of tea as litter be sufficient in identifying short term trends in decomposition?

Distinguishing N and P addition from the air using imaging spectroscopy. Alex...

melnhe

This document discusses using imaging spectroscopy and field studies to distinguish between nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) additions from the air. It finds that N addition reduced reflectance by producing more chlorophyll and absorbing more light, while P addition increased reflectance. When a model was trained on treatment classes (control, N, P, N+P) for 75% of plots, it predicted the other 25% of plots with 83% accuracy. Field measurements of resin-available N and P in soil aligned with clustering of tree-top spectra responses to nutrients. This indicates trees can act as remote signals of belowground nutrient availability and function.

Germinants: The next generation. Denise Rauschendorfer

melnhe

The document summarizes multiple studies on germinants conducted by different researchers from 2012 to 2020. It includes population density studies of American beech and sugar maple from 2012, 2018, and 2020 by Denise Rauschendorfer, Shinjini Goswami, and Thomas Mann. It also summarizes seedling survival data collected by Shinjini Goswami, seedling light availability studies, and stem mapping works created by Alex Young using data from previous and present studies. The document is funded by USDA NIFA and NSF, and more information can be found at the provided website.

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The effect of P and N addition on red maple seed production.

Beech interference with maple regeneration: future change in forest composition.

Foliar nutrient resorption reflects interactions of N and P availablity

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Eli inventory REUcon

Shoestring2014 10-light

Hb2013 mac pherson maple response

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Hb2013 kendrick moisture

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