Iraq vs norwy

Economies
The broad institutional framework within which economic
interaction takes place in a country is called an economy.
Types of economies on the bases of stage
of development
Developing
economy
Developed
economy

DEVELOPED COUNTRY
•A developed country or economy is defined as a
country which has a high real per capita income.
UNDERDEVELOPED COUNTRY
•An underdeveloped country or economy on the other
hand is defined as a country in which the real per capita
income is low and which has the potential of development.

Generalized characteristics of developed
countries:
Generalized characteristics of developing
countries:
High level of per capita income Low per capita income
High level of industrial development In the process of industrialization
High level of affluent citizens Low level of affluent citizens
Low levels of unemployment Higher levels of unemployment
Higher education rates Lower education rates
Technological advantages Limited technological capacity
Stable governments Unstable governments
Easy to access advanced medical services Poor access to medical services
Low birth rates High level of birth rates

Low death rates High level of death rates
Safe water supplies Dirty, unreliable water supplies
Good housing conditions Poor housing conditions
Abundant food supplies Poor nutrition
Good health care Diets that are short in calories and/or protein
Increased life expectancy Endemic disease in some countries
High Human Development Index (HDI) Low to medium standard of living
Equality in distribution of income Unequal distribution of income
Human and natural resources are fully utilize. Factors of production are not fully utilized

Comparison Of Types Of
Economies
DEVELOPEDING COUNTRY
IRAQ
World ranking
131st
DEVELOPED COUNTRY
NORWAY
World ranking
1st

PARAMETERS OF DEVELOPMENT
Development of a country is measured keeping
several aspects in mind . The 3 most important
parameters of development are
1. PER CAPITA INCOME INDEX- per capita
income
2. PHYSICAL QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX- Life
Expectancy, Infant Mortality, Basic Literacy
3. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX- Life
expectancy, educational attainment, adjusted
GDP per capita

COMPARISON BETWEEN IRAQ
AND NORWAY BASED ON
PARAMETERS OF DEVELOPMENT

IRAQ
GDP LAST HIGHEST LOWEST
GDP (USD Billions) 222.88 222.88 1.70
GDP Annual growth
rate %
4.21 54.16 -56.40
Gross National
Product(IQD Million)
191417039.50 191417039.50 20594975.00
GDP per capita 2505.39 3452.99 228.18
GDP Constant Prices
(IQD Million)
10452400.00 15956200.00 1105299.00

NORWAY
GDP LAST HIGHEST LOWEST
GDP (USD Billion) 512.58 512.58 5.20
GDP Annual
Growth Rate %
3.90 9.80 -4.40
Gross National
Product(NOK
Million)
777395.00 800432.00 54049.00
GDP per capita
(USD)
65188.52 67804.55 17331.90
GDP Constant
Prices(NOK
Million)
717729.00 717729.00 285627.00

IRAQ
GNI per capita 2012, US$ 5870
GDP per capita average annual growth
-1.7
rate (%), 1990-2012
Average annual rate of inflation (%) 1990-
2012
18.2
Population below international poverty
line of US$1.25 per day (%) 2007-2011*
2.8
Public spending as a % of GDP (2007-
2011*) allocated to: health
6.7
2010*) allocated to: education
–
2010*) allocated to: military
5.1
ODA inflow in millions US$ 2010 1904.1
ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI 2010 1.1
Debt service as a % of exports of goods
–
and services 2010
Share of household income (%, 2007-
2011*), poorest 40%
22
2011*), richest 20%
40
NORWAY
GNI per capita 2012, US$ 98860
GDP per capita average annual growth
rate (%), 1990-2012
1.8
Average annual rate of inflation (%) 1990-
2012
4.2
Population below international poverty line
of US$1.25 per day (%) 2007-2011*
–
2011*) allocated to: health
8.2
2010*) allocated to: education
7.3
2010*) allocated to: military
1.7
ODA inflow in millions US$ 2010 –
ODA inflow as a % of recipient GNI 2010 –
Debt service as a % of exports of goods
–
and services 2010
2011*), poorest 40%
24
2011*), richest 20%
37

IRAQ NORWAY
Iraq Food Inflation at 4.50 Percent Norway Food Inflation at 2.60 Percent
Iraq Core Inflation Rate at 1.40 Percent Norway Core Inflation Rate at 2.41
Percent
Iraq Core Consumer Prices at 145.50 Index
Points
Norway Core Consumer Prices at 127.50
Index Points
Iraq Consumer Price Index (CPI) at 144.10
Index Points
Norway Consumer Price Index (CPI) at
136.40 Index Points
Iraq Inflation Rate at 2.30 Percent Norway
Inflation Rate at 1.90 Percent
Iraq GDP per capita at 2505.39 USD GDP per capita at 65188.52 US
Iraq Exports at 94171.60 USD Million Norway Exports at 70296.77 NOK Million

Health care and
Demographic features

IRAQ
to the top
Use of improved drinking
water sources (%) 2011, total
84.9
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%)
2011, total
83.9
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG 90
Immunization coverage (%) 2012,
DPT1
87
polio3
70
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3 46
Newborns protected against tetanus
85
Diarrhea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment
with oral rehydration salts (ORS)
22.8
Under-5 mortality rank 70
Under-5 mortality rate (U5MR), 2012 34
NORWAY
to the top
Use of improved drinking water sources
(%) 2011, total
100
Use of improved sanitation facilities (%)
2011, total
100
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, BCG –
DPT1
99
Immunization coverage (%)
2012, polio3
95
Immunization coverage (%) 2012, Hib3 95
Newborns protected against tetanus
–
Diarrhea (%) 2008-2012*, Treatment
with oral rehydration salts (ORS)
–
Under -5 mortality rank 154
Under -5 mortality rate(U5MR),2012 3

IRAQ
Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012* 13.4
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%),
2008-2012*
42.8
Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%),
2008-2012*
19.6
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft
foods 6-8 months (%), 2008-2012*
35.5
Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012* 22.7
Underweight (%) 2008-
2012*, moderate & severe
8.5
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe 3.7
Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate &
severe
22.6
Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate &
severe
11.8
Vitamin A supplementation full coverage
(%) 2012
–
Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012* 2
NORWAY
Low birthweight (%) 2008-2012* 5
Early initiation of breastfeeding (%), 2008-
2012*
–
Exclusive breastfeeding <6 months (%),
2008-2012*
–
Introduction of solid, semi-solid or soft
foods 6-8 months (%), 2008-2012*
–
Breastfeeding at age 2 (%), 2008-2012* –
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate &
severe
–
Underweight (%) 2008-2012*, severe –
Stunting (%) 2008-2012*, moderate &
severe
–
Overweight (%) 2008-2012*, moderate &
severe
–
Vitamin A supplementation full coverage
(%) 2012
90
Iodized salt consumption (%) 2008-2012* 95

IRAQ
Population (thousands) 2012, total 32778
Population (thousands) 2012,
under 18
15421.3
under 5
4823.9
Population annual growth rate (%),
2012-2030
2.5
Crude death rate, 2012 5.3
Crude birth rate, 2012 31.5
Life expectancy, 2012 69.2
Total fertility rate, 2012 4.1
Urbanized population (%), 2012 66.4
Average annual growth rate of
urban population (%), 2012-2030
2.6
NORWAY
Population (thousands) 2012, total 4993.9
under 18
1130.8
under 5
319.2
Population annual growth rate (%),
2012-2030
0.9
Crude death rate, 2012 8.4
Crude birth rate, 2012 12.5
Life expectancy, 2012 81.4
Total fertility rate, 2012 1.9
Urbanized population (%), 2012 79.7
Average annual growth rate of
urban population (%), 2012-2030
1.1

IRAQ
to the top
Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%)
2008-2012*, male
84.1
2008-2012*, female
80.5
Number per 100 population 2012, mobile
phones
79.4
Number per 100 population 2012,
Internet users
7.1
Pre-primary school participation, Gross
enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male
–
enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, female
–
Primary school participation, Net
enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, male
–
enrolment ratio (%) 2008-2012*, female
–
Secondary school participation, Net
–
–
NORWAY to the top
2008-2012*, male
–
2008-2012*, female
–
mobile phones
115.5
Internet users
95
enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male
100
enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, female
98.3
99.1
99.2
93.9
94

IRAQ
Life expectancy: females as a % of males
2012V
111.1
Adult literacy rate: females as a % of
males 2008-2012*
82.8
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males
2008-2012*, Primary GER
–
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of males
2008-2012*, Secondary GER
–
Survival rate to the last grade of primary:
females as a % of males 2008-2012*
–
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled
attendant at birth
90.9
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Institutional
delivery
76.6
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Adjusted 63
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010, Lifetime
risk of maternal death (1 in:)
310
NORWAY
Life expectancy: females as a % of
males 2012
105.4
Adult literacy rate: females as a % of
males 2008-2012*
–
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of
males 2008-2012*, Primary GER
100.2
Enrolment ratios: females as a % of
males 2008-2012*, Secondary GER
98.2
Survival rate to the last grade of
primary: females as a % of males
2008-2012*
99.5
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*, Skilled
attendant at birth
–
Delivery care (%) 2008-2012*,
Institutional delivery
–
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010,
Adjusted
7
Maternal mortality ratio , 2010,
Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in:)
7900

IRAQ
to the top
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , total 4.7
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, ,
male
5.4
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, ,
female
4
Child marriage (%) 2002-2012*,
married by 15
4.6
married by 18
24.3
Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*,
total
99.2
Justification of wife-beating (%)
2002-2012*, male
–
Justification of wife-beating (%)
2002-2012*, female
51.2
Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*,
total
79
NORWAY
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , total –
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, , male –
Child labour (%) + 2002-2012*, ,
female
–
married by 15
–
married by 18
–
Birth registration (%) 2005-2012*,
total
100
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-
2012*, male
–
Justification of wife-beating (%) 2002-
2012*, female
–
Violent discipline (%) + 2005-2012*,
total
–

1st Gulf war
1 st gulf war-After the success of the 1979 Iranian Revolution
arming Shiite and Kurdish rebels against Saddam's regime and
sponsoring assassination attempts on senior Iraqi officials.
Following months of cross-border raids between the two
countries, Saddam declared war on Iran in September`1980,
initiating the Iran–Iraq War
The war ended in stalemate in 1988. In 1981, Israeli
aircraft bombed an Iraqi nuclear materials testing reactor at
Osirak In the final stages of Iran–Iraq War, the Ba'athist Iraqi
regime led the Al-Anfal Campaign, a genocidal campaign that
targeted Iraqi Kurds, and led to the killing of 50,000 – 100,000
civilians .

2nd Gulf war
2nd gulf war-In August 1990, Iraq invaded and annexed
Kuwait. This subsequently led to military
intervention by United States-led forces in the First Gulf
War. Iraq's armed forces were devastated during the war
and shortly after it ended in 1991
It is estimated that as many as 100,000 people, including
many civilians were killed

Present crisis
History -Intense inter-ethnic violence between Sunnis and
Shias. The Mahdi Army, a Shia militia was created] began to
fight Coalition forces in 2004 and various Sunni militias were
also created in 2003. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's Jama'at al-
Tawhid wal-Jihad Islamist terrorist group became Al-Qaeda in
Iraq in October 2004 and began targeting Coalition forces as
well as civilians (mainly Shia Muslims) further exacerbating
ethnic tensions.
During 2013 Sunni militant groups stepped up attacks targeting
the Iraq's Shia population in an attempt to undermine
confidence in the Nouri al-Maliki-led government. In 2014
Sunni insurgents belonging to the Islamic State of Iraq and the
Levant (ISIL) terrorist group seized control of several major
Iraqi cities, including Tikrit, Fallujah and Mosul creating
hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons amid
reports of atrocities by ISIL fighters. The circumstances are still
very critical.

Consequences
• A total of around 2 million people died in both wars
• Loss of more than $800 billion.
• Oil production was affected as each country targeted
the other’s oil terminals. Both nations also attacked oil
tankers and merchant ships
• Education effected-2751 schools were damaged
severely. 2400 schools experienced looting. Education
personnel were targeted, kidnapped, attacked, and or
killed.
• The present crisis pose a threat on oil exports and rise
in price of oil and relations with countries whose
citizens have been captured by the terrorist groups

Foreign relations
Iraq had good relations with countries like the USA
,Soviet union etc . But was not n friendly terms
with some neighbors the Invasion of Kuwait that
triggered the Gulf War brutally
changed Iraq's relations with the Arab World and
theWest. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and others
The Iraqi Government's failure to disarm and agree
to a ceasefire resulted in sanctions attacks on U.S.
aircraft patrolling the no-fly zones led to U.S.
bombing of Iraq in December 1998. Following
the 9/11 terrorist attacks .

Capital shortage and
Government policies
There are certain reasons to this shortage of
the capital that is a major cause for the region’s
under developing state.
•First of all, inefficiency of investment has been
constantly falling throughout the past decade in
the region leading to a vacuum of
destabilization and shortage of capital.
•Second, savers and investors (with good
reason) fear and distrust national governments.
Specifically, they fear that their savings will be
expropriated either directly by state decree, or
by stealth via rampant inflation and overvalued
exchange rates

Lack of development in the oil
sector
The lack of development in other sectors has
resulted in 18%–30% unemployed and a
depressed per capita GDP of $4,000.Public
sector employment accounted for nearly 60%
of full-time employment in 2011. The oil
export industry, which dominates the Iraqi
economy, generates very little employment.
Currently only a modest percentage of women
(the highest estimate for 2011 was 22%)
participate in the labour force.

Population growth
There is no family planning system followed due to
religious reasons family sizes are very large leading to
a number of problems like
•The disorganization of the provision of education to
the fast growing number of the youth
•Increasing unemployment
•This in turn affects the semi-educated, young people,
who contribute toward political unrest due to the
growing anger
raised the demand of food in the region
•Migrating population also created a problem for
managing the food supply in the region
•Government is unable to provide good quality of life to
such a large number of people

CAUSES OF
PROSPERITY OF
NORWAY

•Norway remained neutral during World
War I, and maintained neutrality in WWII.
Norway has not had a war after world war
2 .
•Stable government- Norway experiences a
very stable form of government Norway is
a unitary constitutional monarchy with
a parliamentary system of government,
wherein the King of Norway is the head of
state and the Prime Minister is the head of
government
•In general, the legal and institutional
framework in Norway is characterized by a

• Low population density- Norway has
an average population density is 15.5
persons /sq km
• Amiable foreign relations-Norway
maintains embassies in 86
countries. 60 countries maintain an
embassy in Norway, all of them in the
capital, Oslo.
• Norway is a founding member of
the United Nations (UN), the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
the Council of Europe and
the European Free Trade

• Proper utilization of resources -Export
revenues from oil and gas have risen to
almost 50% of total exports and constitute
more than 20% of the GDP. Norway is the
fifth-largest oil exporter and third-largest
gas exporter in the world, In March 2011,
the Government Pension Fund controlled
assets were valued at approximately
US$570 billion (equal to US$114,000 per
capita) which is about 140% of Norway's
current GDP
• Well connectivity -Norway has
approximately 92,946 kilometers
(57,754 mi) of road network, of which
72,033 kilometers (44,759 mi) are paved

Credits
sukhan rangi
mrs.kuldeep sekhon

Iraq vs norwy

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